Performance and immunological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed bioprocessed plant‐based proteins

Marine‐derived fish meal (FM) is a traditional component of commercial aquaculture feeds for many farmed fish species. Modern bioprocessing technologies have been developed to produce high‐protein plant‐based ingredients for aquafeeds to further reduce FM and other conventional animal protein sources. A 90‐day feeding trial using juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (27.9 ± 1.4 g; mean ± SE) was completed to evaluate growth, feed efficiency, general health and immunological responses to diets containing experimental plant‐based protein sources and reduced FM. Trout were fed one of four dietary treatments: experimental bioprocessed soy protein concentrate (BSPC), commercially available enzymatically hydrolysed soy protein concentrate (CSPC), experimental bioprocessed barley protein concentrate (BBPC) and a FM control (FMC). At trial termination, there were no significant differences in relative growth (RG) or specific growth rate (SGR) between fish fed either FMC or BSPC (p > .05). Fish fed either CSPC or BBPC resulted in significantly lower RG and SGR than the FMC (p < .05). Significant respiratory burst analysis differences were observed among treatments at day 90 (p < .01), for fish fed either FMC or CSPC diets. This assessment of bioprocessed plant‐based protein ingredients facilitates the characterization and incorporation of bioprocessed soy and barley protein as the industry continues to evaluate FM replacements in rainbow trout feeds.     

Long-term consumption of beef extended with soy protein by men,women and children: I. Study design,nutrient intakes,and serum zinc levels

The effect of long-term consumption, under practical conditions, of beef extended with soy protein on serum zinc levels of men, women and children was studied. Fifty-two families were randomly assigned to consume for 180 days 1 of 7 beef products: all beef, beef extended with either soy isolate, soy concentrate or soy flour (20% reconstituted soy product, 80% beef), or beef extended with each of the 3 soy products fortified with 60 mg Fe and 25 mg Zn/100g protein. The beef product was consumed by the subjects as their principal source of protein for 1 meal a day (children 1–8 yrs) or 1–2 meals a day (11 per week) for adult men and women. A control group consumed their usual self-selected diet. Diet records (4-day) of all foods and beverages consumed by the subjects were obtained pre-study and 63±7 and 126±7 days for calculation of nutrient intakes. No deleterious effects were found on the serum zinc levels when subjects consumed beef extended with soy protein for 180 days.Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.     

Protein and starch digestibilities and mineral availability of products developed from potato,soy and corn flour

A technique for development of potato flour was standardized. Five products viz. cake, biscuit, weaning food, panjiri and ladoo were prepared incorporating potato flour, defatted soy flour and corn flour. Baking and roasting were the major processing techniques employed for the development of these products. Protein, ash and fat contents of potato flour were almost similar to those of raw potatoes. Significant differences in protein, ash and fat contents of all the products were observed. Protein and starch digestibility of potato flour was significantly higher than that of raw potatoes. Protein digestibility increased by 12 to 17 percent on baking or roasting of products. Processed products had significantly higher starch digestibility and mineral availability compared to raw products. Thus, it can be concluded that roasting and baking are effective means of improving starch and protein digestibility and mineral availability of products.     

染料木黄酮的生物活性及其抗肿瘤作用机制

染料木黄酮是苷元形式的大豆异黄酮,具有多种生物学活性。动物实验、临床研究及流行病学调查表明,染料木黄酮对多种疾病尤其是肿瘤具有防治作用.它的抑制细胞免疫和体液免疫以及调节细胞凋亡等作用也日益受到重视。本文简述了染料木黄酮的生物活性及其抗肿瘤机制。     

大豆豆渣中异黄酮的超声提取工艺研究

[目的]筛选提取大豆豆渣中异黄酮的最佳工艺。[方法]采用单因素和正交试验法,考察乙醇浓度、超声提取温度、提取时间和料液比等4个因素对大豆豆渣中异黄酮的提取效果,并以芦丁为标准品,利用紫外分光光度法测定提取液中总异黄酮的含量。[结果]最佳提取工艺为：乙醇浓度50%,超声提取温度70℃,提取时间40min,料液比1：20。[结论]该研究为将豆渣变废为宝,在保健食品和医药工业中综合开发和利用提供了试验依据。     

碱性蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白及其抗氧化活性的研究

将Plackett-Burman因素水平设计应用于碱性蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白,以研究大豆分离蛋白酶水解物的抗氧化活性.通过测定水解产物的亚铁还原能力来确定其抗氧化活性的强弱,以此确定最佳水解工艺条件 为:反应温度72℃,底物浓度9％,酶用量(E/S) 1％,pH 7.0,水解时间5h.采用最适水解工艺条件得到水解...     

Digestive evaluation of soy isolate protein as affected by heat treatment and soy oil inclusion in broilers at an early age

Soy protein isolate (SPI) mixed with soybean oil (SPIO) incubated at 100°C for 8 h was used to evaluate changes of solubility and digestibility of SPI in vitro and digestive function in broilers at an early age. Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to three groups with six replicates of 12 birds, receiving basal diet (CON), 8 h heat‐oxidized SPI diet (HSPI) and 8 h heat‐oxidized mixture of SPI and 2% soybean oil diet (HSPIO) for 21 days, respectively. Nitrogen solubility index (NSI) declined and soybean oil accelerated the decline of NSI during incubation (P < 0.05). Decreased in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were observed in SPIO (P < 0.05). HSPI and HSPIO decreased body weight gain, relative jejunum weight and pancreatic trypsin activity at day 21 (P < 0.05). HSPIO decreased anterior intestinal trypsin activity at day 14 and amylase and trypsin activity at day 21, pancreatic amylase activity at day 21 and apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter and CP of broilers from days 18 to 20 (P < 0.05). Heat treatment and soybean oil could induce oxidative modification of SPI, and oxidized SPI negatively affected growth and digestion of broilers. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

生姜蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的研究

以部分纯化的生姜蛋白酶为酶源，对该酶在水解大豆分离蛋白的最佳条件等方面进行了较为详细的探讨。研究结果表明，生姜蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的最佳条件为：温度60℃、酶加量2．0％、pH值6．O、水解5h，此时其水解度可达7．5％。经酶解处理后的大豆分离蛋白饮料，其离心沉淀率降低，稳定性增大。     

蛋白来源与米曲霉对酱油氨基酸组成的影响

本文采用半化学酱油新工艺，对牛肉等5种蛋白质原料经米曲霉发酵前后的游离氨基酸的种类、数量进行了测定;并对照原料的游离氨基酸组成，探讨了米曲霉对发酵液游离氨基酸组成的影响.