富啡酸对潮褐土吸附重金属离子的影响

采用平衡吸附法,研究了不同浓度的富啡酸(FA)对土壤吸附重金属离子(Cu2 、Cd2 、Pb2 )的影响。结果表明,潮褐土对富啡酸的吸附作用很强;潮褐土对富啡酸的吸附随pH的升高先缓慢增大后迅速下降;潮褐土对重金属离子的吸附随pH的升高而增大,且在低pH值下,富啡酸促进潮褐土对Cu2 、Cd2 、Pb2 的吸附和Pb2 的次级吸附,抑制对Cu2 、Cd2 的次级吸附;在高pH值下,富啡酸抑制土壤对Cu2 的吸附和次级吸附,而促进Cd2 和Pb2 的吸附和次级吸附;在富啡酸浓度相同的条件下,潮褐土对重金属离子的吸附能力为:Pb2 >Cu2 >Cd2 。     

植物病原真菌致病分子机理的研究进展

综述了植物病原真菌致病分子机理的研究进展,围绕植物病原真菌粘附寄主表面、侵染结构的形成、侵入寄主、在寄主内定殖与扩展四个侵入寄主的主要步骤,进行分子解析的阐明,有助于更好的评估病原真菌致病性的影响,并对今后的工作进行了展望.     

Characterization of host tolerance to Striga hermonthica

Summary One of the most promising control options against the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica is the use of crop varieties that combine resistance with high levels of tolerance. The aim of this study was to clarify the relation between Striga infestation level, Striga infection level and relative yield loss of sorghum and to use this insight for exploring the options for a proper screening procedure for tolerance. In three pot experiments, conducted in Mali (2003) and The Netherlands (2003, 2004), four sorghum genotypes were exposed to a range of Striga infestation levels, ranging from 0.0625 to 16 seeds cm⁻³. Observations included regular Striga emergence counts and sorghum grain yield at maturity. There were significant genotype, infestation and genotype × infestation effects on sorghum yield. The relation between infestation level and infection level was density dependent. Furthermore, the relation between Striga infection level and relative yield loss was non-linear, though for the most resistant genotype Framida only the linear part of the relation was obtained, as even at high infestation levels only moderate infection levels were achieved. The results suggest that for resistant genotypes, tolerance can best be quantified as a reduced relative yield loss per aboveground Striga plant, whereas for less resistant genotypes the maximum relative yield loss can best be used. Whether both expressions of tolerance are interrelated could not be resolved. Complications of screening for tolerance under field conditions are discussed.     

Wild relatives of sorghum as sources of resistance to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata

The levels of resistance to shoot fly, Atherigona soccata in sorghum germplasm are low to moderate and therefore, we evaluated 17 wild relatives of sorghum under field and greenhouse conditions as an alternate source of genes for resistance to this pest. Thirty-two accessions belonging to Parasorghum , Stiposorghum and Heterosorghum did not suffer any shoot fly damage under multi-choice conditions in the field, while one accession each of Heterosorghum ( Sorghum laxiflorum ) and Chaetosorghum ( S. macrospermum ) suffered very low shoot fly damage. Accessions belonging to S. exstans (TRC 243601), S. stipoideum (TRC 243399) and S. matarankense (TRC 243576) showed absolute non-preference for oviposition under no-choice conditions. Accessions belonging to Heterosorghum , Parasorghum and Stiposorghum were preferred for oviposition, but suffered low deadheart formation. Manual infestation of seedlings with shoot fly eggs did not result in deadheart formation in some of the accessions belonging to S. exstans (TRC 243601), S. stipoideum (TRC 243399), S. matarankense (TRC 243576) and S. purpureosericeum (IS 18944). Larval mortality was recorded in main stems of the Parasorghums . Within section Sorghum , accessions belonging to S. bicolor ssp. verticilliflorum were highly susceptible to shoot fly, as were those of S. halepense . However, a few accessions such as IS 18226 (race arundinaceum ) and IS 14212 ( S. halepense ) resulted in reduced survival and fecundity. Wild relatives of sorghum exhibited very high levels of antibiosis to A. soccata , while only low levels of antibiosis have been observed in the cultivated germplasm. Therefore, wild relatives with different mechanisms of resistance can be used as a source of alternate genes to increase the levels and diversify the basis of resistance to shoot fly, A. soccata .     

Effect of cytoplasmic male-sterility in sorghum on host plant interaction with sorghum midge,Contarinia sorghicola

Summary Sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola Coq. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is one of the most important pests of grain sorghum worldwide. We studied the reaction of midge-resistant and midge-susceptible genic-cytoplasmic male-sterile (A-lines) and their maintainers (B-lines), and the effect of resistant and susceptible restorers on sorghum midge. Midge damage and adult emergence were significantly lower on the B-lines of midge-resistant genotypes (PM 7061 and PM 7068) than their corresponding A-lines, while the reverse was true for the midge-susceptible genotypes (296A and ICSA 42). Differences in midge damage and the number of midges emerged were not significant between the midge-resistant and midge-susceptible A-lines when infested without pollination (except midge emergence on PM 7061A). Pollination with a midge-resistant restorer (DJ6541) reduced midge emergence significantly in one of two seasons. Source of pollen did not influence midge emergence on the highly-resistant A-line, PM 7061A. The implications of these observations in the development of midge-resistant hybrids were discussed.     

有机酸对针铁矿和三羟铝石吸附镉离子的影响

应用平衡吸附法研究了不同浓度的草酸、柠檬酸对针铁矿、三羟铝石竞争吸附与次级吸附Cd^2 的影响。结果表明：草酸、柠檬酸对供试矿物Cd^2 竞争吸附量的影响均表现为峰形曲线，草酸、柠檬酸浓度分别低于1mmol/L和0.1-0.4mmol/L峰值浓度时对Cd^2 的吸附有促进作用，高于其峰值浓度时对Cd^2 的吸附有抑制作用，这种现象的产生与有机酸在固、两相间的分配有关。草酸、柠檬酸对针铁矿、三羟铝石次级吸附Cd^2 的影响效果与竞争吸附明显不一样；低于峰值浓度（0.3-1mmol/L）的有机酸能显著提高Cd^2 的次级吸附量，有机酸浓度大于峰值浓度时，Cd^2 次级吸附量则趋于恒定或略有降低，这主要与矿物吸附有机酸后，其表面净吸附点位的数量有关。     

甘蓝型油菜硫甙含量对接种菌核病的反应

研究了甘蓝型油菜硫苷含量与人工接种菌核病的互作关系。在油菜五叶期,人工接种菌核病菌丝体,然后在接种当天和接种后第１、第３和第７ｄ分析接种叶片和其它叶片的硫苷变化,所有参试「抗（耐）病和感病」品系都对人工接种菌核病菌丝体反应强烈,在接种第３叶,硫苷含量显著增加。但是抗（耐）病品系的硫苷增加不仅仅限于接种叶片,品系０１４硫苷增加在接种后第７ｄ的非接种叶片最幼嫩的第７叶片最为明显。品系０２０硫苷增加在接     

棉花黄萎病拮抗芽孢杆菌S12的筛选鉴定及拮抗机制的分析

[目的]近年来,新疆棉田由于长期连作导致棉花黄萎病呈逐年加重的趋势,筛选适合新疆特殊地理环境的高效拮抗菌株对防治棉花黄萎病尤为重要.[方法]采用平板对峙和琼脂平板扩散法从生长健康的棉花根际土壤中筛选拮抗细菌,利用常规PCR方法扩增拮抗细菌16S rRNA基因序列,应用BLAST进行同源性搜索,通过构建系统发育树并结合生理生化检测对拮抗细菌进行鉴定.用底物水解法检测其产生水解酶的能力,PCR方法检测其产生抗菌肽的潜力.[结果]枯草芽孢杆菌S12对大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)的抑菌率为56％,抑菌圈直径为20 mm,其发酵液对病原菌孢子萌发抑制率为95.93％,表现出较好的抑菌能力;菌株S12能合成蛋白酶,含有srfAA、spaS、bacA抗菌肽合成基因,具有一定的生防潜力.[结论]获得了可抑制大丽轮枝菌的芽孢杆菌菌株S12,并分析了其拮抗机制,为新疆棉花黄萎病的生物防治提供菌株资源和理论指导.     

过量表达SaSOS1水稻的幼苗鉴定及生理特性分析

为研究泌盐盐生植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)SOS1基因的功能及抗逆机制,对过量表达Sa SOS1的T3代纯合转基因水稻株系幼苗进行了鉴定及生理特性分析。分子鉴定和表型鉴定显示,转基因株系13-4、15-6、16-1、16-2、19-4、19-6为阳性转基因株系,其中13-4、16-2株系在250 mmol/L Na Cl处理下表现出更强的耐盐性。生理特性分析表明,与野生型日本晴株系相比,转基因株系13-4、16-2植株叶片含水量较高,可溶性糖含量较高,并维持了较低的MDA含量和电导率。说明转基因株系能有效减少盐胁迫伤害,保持较好的生长状态。