几种有机物对烟草细胞辅酶Q10形成的影响

采用细胞悬浮培养的方法,以烟草红花大金元细胞为材料,研究了几种有机营养物质辅酶Ｑ１０（Ｃｏ１０）合成前体物质及Ｃｏ＾６０－γ射线对烟草悬浮培养细胞生长和辅酶Ｑ１０形成的影响。实验证明,肌醇,酵母膏,盐酸硫胺素对烟草悬浮培养生长和ＣｏＱ１０含量都有一定的影响。     

Comparison between manual and automated total nucleated cell counts using the ADVIA 120 for pleural and peritoneal fluid samples from dogs,cats, horses,and alpacas

Background: Analysis of body fluids includes an estimate of total nucleated cell count (TNCC). Automated methods may enhance the accuracy and timeliness of TNCC results. Objective: The purpose of this report was to assess the ability of the ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer to accurately count nucleated cells in pleural and peritoneal fluids from animals, compared with manual counts. Methods: Pleural and peritoneal fluids submitted in EDTA tubes to our laboratory over a 17‐month period were used in the study. TNCC/μL was determined by a manual method, using a hemocytometer, and by an automated method, using the ADVIA 120. Correlation of results was determined by Passing‐Bablok regression, Bland–Altman plots, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Samples from dogs (n=36), cats (n=36), horses (n=59), and alpacas (n=11) were analyzed. High correlation in TNCC between methods was found for peritoneal fluid (n=93, r=.959), pleural fluid (n=49, r=.966), and all fluids combined (n=142, r=.960) (P<.001). Variation between methods was greater in samples with TNCCs<1000/μL (r=.62, P<.001). The ADVIA systematically overestimated the number of cells in all fluid samples by 95 cells/μL (confidence interval=19.2–190.5/μL). Conclusion: The ADVIA 120 reliably determines TNCC in pleural and peritoneal effusions and can be recommended for routine veterinary laboratory analysis.     

Mesh-like vascular changes in copper deficiency-induced rat cardiomyopathy

The pathological effects of copper deficiency (COD) are well known. However, the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy resulting from COD remains unclear. In this study, aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of COD-induced cardiomyopathy by examining the morphology of the cardiovascular system in copper-deficient rats using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Changes detected in the myocardium and interstitium were consistent with those reported for COD. Morphological changes included mesh-like changes in the capillary endothelial cells that appear to be a novel finding in COD-induced cardiomyopathy. These changes are hypothesized to result from abnormal vascular remodeling following damage to the basement membrane and due to the mechanical effects of myocardial contractions. Although cardiomyopathy may be associated with microcirculatory disorders arising from these lesions, further investigations are necessary to demonstrate a causal relationship between the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy and the contribution of these lesions to disease progression.     

Somatic embryogenesis and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) using immature cotyledons

This study describes a successful method of somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation using immature cotyledons of Prunus mume. Immature cotyledons from four different developmental stages of eight different P. mume cultivars were used for the experiments to optimize somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation protocols. Somatic embryogenesis was induced when the explants were cultured on somatic embryo inducing medium consisting of MS basic medium supplemented with 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA). They were cultured for 30 days and then transferred to somatic embryo propagation medium containing 0.1 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 5 μM BA. It appeared that the developmental stage of the immature cotyledons used as explants was the most important factor for somatic embryogenesis; higher frequencies of somatic embryogenesis were observed when the immature cotyledons were less than 5 mm in length regardless of cultivars. For genetic transformation, the immature cotyledons were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 harbouring a binary plasmid vector with neomycin phosphotransferase II and an intron-interrupted β-glucuronidase gene under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, and three transgenic plant lines were obtained from inoculated “Sirakaga” immature cotyledons. Transgenic somatic embryos and shoots were selected using 25 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin. Integration of transgenes in the genome of GUS-positive putative transgenic shoots was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses.     

重庆市三峡库区移土培肥工程的后评价研究

为土地整理项目提供参考依据,以重庆市三峡库区移土培肥工程为例,构建了包括工程技术、经济、社会、生态效益指标的项目后评价指标体系,并运用层次分析与模糊综合评判相结合的方法,得到移土培肥工程的后综合评价结果.结果表明:移土培肥工程实施后的综合评价结果为良,大部分目标已实现;相比较于其他3种指标而言,生态效益指标评价相对较差;公众满意度等问题也应受到更多重视.结论:该评价方法较科学合理,研究结果可靠.     

体外细胞分泌与自然分泌的麝鼠香化学成分比较研究

目的对体外细胞分泌与自然分泌的麝鼠香化学成分进行比较。方法薄层层析和GC-MS联用技术。结果体外细胞分泌的麝鼠香与自然分泌的麝鼠香均含有环酮类、烷类、酯类、醛类和有机酸类成分。结论体外细胞分泌的麝鼠香其化学成分与自然分泌的麝鼠香相近,均含有动物香料成分化学基础,呈现出了天然动物香料的主要特征,为麝鼠香新资源的开发提供了重要参考。     

我国分子育种的新进展

本文综述了控制植物遗传性状的理想可获实现。控制性状遗传主要是发展分子育种,而分子育种的首要技术是基因转移。我国设计的授粉后外源DNA导入技术,即花粉管通道技术,近五年来在我国已有16个省市25个实验室,集中了稻、麦、棉、大豆等主要农作物的研究,并取得了突破性进展和可喜成绩,引起国际科学界瞩目,达国际领先水平,使我国的分子育种研究进入了应用阶段。本文还指出我国分子育种将进入常规育种轨道,具有广阔的发展前景。     

创新网络中知识转移主体合作决策方法研究

创新网络中主体的合作与资源共享必然伴随着知识转移,合作主体的选择是知识转移活动必须要考虑的问题．通过深入分析创新网络中知识转移主体合作的影响因素,提出了知识转移主体合作的评价指标体系．并在此基础上,利用多目标优化决策理论,建立了主体合作的定量决策模型．即使在知识转移主体特征变化较大的情况下,模型还能综合考虑各种因素对决策的影响,给出合理的最佳的主题选择方案．另外,模型能对优选方案进行排队,能为决策者提供丰富的决策支持信息．     

果蔬热处理传热过程的数值模拟及验证

为了研究果蔬采后热处理过程的传热机理,建立了柱状与球状果蔬热处理的普适传热模型,对模型进行了数值模拟及试验验证。结果表明：所建模型能够准确预测多种边界条件下柱状与球状果蔬热处理时的组织温度变化及动态响应,柱状及球状果蔬的模型预测值与实测值的平均相对误差及均方根误差均低于5%。热水浸泡法与热空气法的对比试验表明：达到相同的热处理效果,伊丽莎白香瓜热水浸泡法的处理时间仅为热空气法的35%～50%;热水浸泡法中香瓜果实的表面换热系数为190～250 W/(m2·℃),而在热空气法中仅为10～30 W/(m2·℃     

风沙吹蚀与干湿循环作用下风积沙混凝土抗氯盐侵蚀机理

针对风蚀区盐湖及盐渍土环境下服役的混凝土,配制满足特殊环境下工程要求的风积沙混凝土.分析风沙吹蚀与干湿循环耦合作用下风积沙混凝土抗氯盐侵蚀的损伤过程,借助超景深三维显微镜、X射线衍射物相分析、核磁共振孔隙分析等手段探讨风积沙混凝土抗氯盐侵蚀耐久性机理.研究表明风沙吹蚀对混凝土表面产生破坏,干湿循环对混凝土内部造成损伤;风沙吹蚀对混凝土表面造成的“吹蚀坑”可为盐离子入侵混凝土内部提供“通道”;氯盐侵蚀后生成以Friedel盐为代表的腐蚀结晶物,可填充1～4 nm胶凝孔,消耗Ca(OH)2等有效物质,迫使4～10nm小毛细孔增多,随盐蚀损伤程度加剧,10～20 nm中毛细孔和20～100 nm大毛细孔向＞100 nm非毛细孔发展,非毛细孔彼此贯通产生裂纹,致使混凝土加速破坏.该研究可为风积沙混凝土在风蚀区氯盐环境下农业水利工程建设与应用提供依据.