Pharmacokinetic study of luteolin,apigenin, chrysoeriol and diosmetin after oral administration of Flos Chrysanthemi extract in rats

Flos Chrysanthemi (the flower of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is widely used in China as a food and traditional Chinese medicine for many diseases. Luteolin and apigenin are two main bioactive components in Flos Chrysanthemi, and chrysoeriol and diosmetin are two methylated metabolites of luteolin in vivo by cathechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). However, there was lack of pharmacokinetic information of chrysoeriol and diosmetin after oral administration of Flos Chrysanthemi extract (FCE). The present study aimed to develop an HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of rat plasma concentration of luteolin, apigenin, chrysoeriol and diosmetin and utilize it in pharmacokinetic study of the four compounds after orally giving FCE to rats. The method was successfully validated and applied to the pharmacokinetic study when oral administration of FCE to rats with or without co-giving a COMT inhibitor, entacapone. Chrysoeriol and diosmetin were detected in rat plasma after oral administration of FCE and their concentrations were significantly decreased after co-giving entacapone. Furthermore, AUC of luteolin was significantly increased by entacapone, while that of chrysoeriol was decreased by entacapone, which revealed COMT might play an important role in the disposition of luteolin in rats after dosing of FCE. In conclusion, a sensitive, accurate and reproducible HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of luteolin, apigenin, chrysoeriol and diosmetin in rat plasma were developed, pharmacokinetics of chrysoeriol and diosmetin combined with luteolin and apigenin were characterized after oral administration of FCE to rats, which gave us more information on pharmacokinetics and potential pharmacological effects of FCE in vivo.     

河南桧柏嫩枝“全光雾”扦插育苗试验初报

河南桧柏采用嫩枝“全光雾”扦插育苗，试验表明：对难生根珍贵树种用此法育苗可大大缩短育苗周期，提高苗木产量和质量，应大力推广此种育苗方法。     

Irrigation restriction effects on water use efficiency and osmotic adjustment in Aloe Vera plants (Aloe barbadensis Miller)

Aloe barbadensis Miller, known as Aloe Vera, requires limited irrigation depending on the capacity of the soil to retain humidity, since it is a CAM species and thus naturally adapted to conditions of dryness and high temperatures. Therefore, we postulated that plants of Aloe Vera plants under conditions of water deficit should improve their water use efficiency (WUE) by performing osmotic adjustment (OA) with a temporal correlation between WUE and OA. The objective of the investigation was to determine the effect of water restriction on the WUE and OA of A. barbadensis under different water treatments. 18-month old Aloe Vera plants were cultivated in pots with a soil substrate that was a mixture of equal parts of sand and organic matter with 18% of FC and 9% of permanent wilting point. To determine the effects of the soil humidity on plant WUE and OA, four treatments were arranged in a complete random design with four repetitions; these were 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of FC, which correspond to an evatranspiration of 11.4, 9.6, 4.0 and 1.7 L per plant, respectively. The water treatments were maintained by frequent irrigation. The following variables were determined: dry matter, leaf water potential, relative water content (RWC), amount of gel produced, sap flow, proline content, soluble and total sugars and oligo and polyfructans. Aloe Vera increased WUE with increasing water deficit; the sap flow rate decreased with water restrictions, and the plants performed osmotic adjustment by increasing the synthesis of proline, soluble and total sugars as well as the amounts of oligo and polyfructans, mainly polymers of β-(2 → 6) kestotriose, changing from the inulin type to the neofructan type. The plants most and less irrigated (100% and 25% of FC) were the groups with lowest WUE. The plants irrigated with 75% of FC presented the best WUE in terms of dry mass and amount of gel produced by a litre of supplied water.     

铅对不同品种玉米幼苗抗氧化酶活性及根系活力的影响

通过营养液培养试验,研究了受Pb2 胁迫的不同品种玉米幼苗根系活力和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明:受Pb2 的影响,叶片叶绿素含量降低,根系活力下降。随着Pb2 胁迫浓度的提高,“中单9409”的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐升高,“农大108”的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性明显增强,而“唐抗5”的SOD活性始终维持在一定水平。各品种的过氧化物酶(POD)活性基本呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,说明不同玉米幼苗通过不同抗氧化酶活性的维持或提高来增强抗氧化能力。     

绵羊生长激素(oGH)的分子克隆与序列测定

本文旨在新疆绵羊生长激素(oGH)基因的克隆。从阿勒泰×中国美利奴杂交羊脑垂体细胞中提取总RNA,分离得到具翻译活性的mRNA。用RTPCR方法扩增出编码oGH的基因,长度为671bp。将扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,回收纯化。采用PCR克隆试剂盒将扩增产物连接至pTAdv质粒上,经PstI和XbaI双酶切鉴定正反插入后,筛选正向插入阳性克隆,并进行序列分析。结果表明克隆到的oGH基因序列与国外报道的序列有4个碱基差异,但所推导的氨基酸序列完全一致。oGH基因的开放阅读框架共含654个核苷酸,编码217个氨基酸,其中信号肽26个氨基酸,编码碱基为1～78(78bp);成熟肽191个氨基酸,编码碱基为79～651(573bp);终止密码子TAG(652～654bp)。其蛋白质的氨基酸序列与牛、人和鱼的序列同源性分别为99.08%、26.7%和5.9%。     

基于用户参与的科研院所机构知识库建设模式研究

文章以用户参与为理论基础,以融入科研管理为实践目标,创新性地提出一种适合科研院所的机构知识库建设模式,并以江苏省农业科学院为例进行了实证研究,该模式兼具传统机构知识库功能,又能体现科研机构特色、解决科研机构成果管理问题.在此基础上,还分析明确了适用于科研院所成果管理和共享的数据审核流程、元数据标准规范、功能模块、系统架构、管理运行机制等.     

生计资本视角下农户生计策略变动及影响因素研究 ——基于CFPS四期追踪数据

农户的生计策略在乡村振兴进程中正在和即将发生变化,只有对农户生计策略的变化做出正确的判断,才能够有效引导农户生计行为,破除乡村建设行动的各种阻力。基于可持续生计理论,利用CFPS四期追踪数据,运用转移概率矩阵和Logit回归模型,分析农户生计策略变动及其影响因素,并运用分位数回归方法验证稳健性。结果表明,不同生计策略农户的生计资本结构存在差异,无论何种生计策略的农户,人力资本在5种资本中都最大。短期内多数农户选择维持原有生计策略,动态调整过程较慢,有土地转入的农户更倾向于选择非务工型生计策略。社会资本对农户趋务工型策略变动具有显著的正向影响,农户受教育年限和健康对生计策略变动具有正向影响。与东部地区农户相比,中西部地区农户更倾向于选择务工型生计策略。因此,应加大农村产业多样化的投入力度,促进农户策略转变速度;鼓励农民参与土地流转;建立健全农户参与农村基层社会治理机制,推动农户社会资本积累;扩大对农村教育与医疗的投入力度。     

套袋对越冬番茄果实特性及品质的影响

【目的】明确套袋对番茄果实生长发育、果实特性、果实品质及农药残留的影响。【方法】以番茄品种JYK为试材，研究了不同材质果袋处理的生物学效应。【结果】套袋显著降低了番茄果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比，减少了果实Vc、可溶性糖等物质含量，降低了果实的农药残留，加速了果实叶绿素的降解，但增加了果实含水量，促进了果实类胡萝卜素和番茄红素的合成。番茄果实成熟时，硫酸纸袋、无纺布袋及塑料袋处理的果实番茄红素含量分别比不套袋提高了8.2%、60.9%和41.7%，且不套袋和套袋之间番茄红素含量达到了显著差异。此外，套袋还可增加果实的单果重，其中以硫酸纸袋效果最佳，塑料袋和无纺布袋次之，三者分别比不套袋增加了15.34%、13.22%和9.02%，套袋与不套袋之间差异达显著水平。【结论】套袋影响番茄果实的营养品质，但改善了番茄果实外观商品性状。     

中国大豆栽培和野生资源脂肪性状的变异特点研究

【目的】分析中国大豆栽培和野生种质资源脂肪及脂肪酸组分含量（本文简称脂肪性状）的变异特点,筛选优异种质,为不同生态区域大豆脂肪性状育种提供材料和依据。【方法】从中国全国各大豆生态区抽取代表性的栽培和野生材料进行田间试验,测定脂肪性状,进行各性状变异特点分析,并应用多元变异指数、聚类和主成分法分析中国和各生态区大豆脂肪性状的综合变异。【结果】（1）中国栽培大豆脂肪平均含量为17.21%,比野生种提高6.22%;油酸平均含量为23.25%,提高7.75%;亚麻酸平均含量为8.00%,减低4.23%;亚油酸平均含量为53.53%,减低2.57%;但栽培种的变异小于野生种;不同生态区均有此同一趋势。栽培大豆和野生大豆的饱和脂肪酸含量在全国和各区差异均不大。（2）中国野生群体及各生态区群体脂肪性状的多元变异度均大于相应的栽培种,长期人工选择使栽培种的变异相对减小,但多元变异方向相对较宽。（3）栽培种脂肪含量与来源地纬度呈极显著正相关,而野生种未见相关,推论栽培种脂肪含量与纬度的相关主要应是人工选择的结果。（4）筛选得到高脂肪、高油酸、高亚油酸、低亚麻酸的优良材料,其中N23547和N23697为兼具高脂肪（＞23%）、高油酸（＞30%）、低亚麻酸含量（5%左右）的优异资源。【结论】栽培大豆脂肪、油酸平均含量显著高于野生种,亚麻酸平均含量显著低于野生种,亚油酸平均含量略低于野生种,饱和脂肪酸平均含量与野生种差异不大。脂肪性状在各个生态区域内均存在丰富的变异,区域间的变异并不比区域内大。栽培种脂肪含量与纬度的相关主要是人工选择的结果。筛选出一批优异种质。     

宣木瓜果粉喷雾干燥工艺的优化

采用切片、热烫、打浆、过滤和均质处理制备宣木瓜原浆,以果粉物性和感官评价为指标,调节助干剂添加量、进料流量、进风温度和入料温度进行喷雾干燥工艺优化研究。试验结果表明,宣木瓜前处理最优条件为:100℃热烫60 s,加水1:1打浆,60目过滤,胶体磨处理3 min,45 MPa压力下均质;喷雾干燥工艺优化参数为:添加0.15%三氯蔗糖和30%麦芽糊精,进料速度20 m L·min~(-1),进风温度170℃,入料温度为40℃。在此条件下喷雾干燥效果最佳,其平均感官评分为86.67分,齐墩果酸含量为0.083%,水分含量为3.561%,以15g·袋-1包装,可制得速溶宣木瓜果粉。