盐胁迫对阿月浑子可溶性糖、淀粉、脯氨酸含量的影响

本研究用NaCl和Na2SO4处理两个阿月浑子品种,处理浓度均为50,150,250,500mmol·L-1,盐胁迫5,10,20d后取叶样,并测定可溶性糖、淀粉、脯氨酸含量变化。NaCl,Na2SO4胁迫下,长果和Kerman叶片内可溶性糖含量明显增高,借此来维持细胞内的渗透平衡,其中Kerman植株中可溶性糖含量增加幅度大,而长果增加幅度较小;叶片内淀粉含量略有增高,使其能够维持一定的渗透平衡,其中Kerman植株中淀粉含量增加幅度大,长果的增加幅度相对较小;叶片内脯氨酸(Pro)含量迅速上升,来维持渗透平衡,当阿月浑子植株受到盐胁迫时,叶片中的Pro含量成倍增长。     

左氧氟沙星在铁氧化物表面的吸附：动力学和pH的影响

通过批吸附动力学、等温吸附试验,并结合X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术和衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATRFTIR),揭示不同pH下左氧氟沙星(LEV)在铁氧化物表面的吸附机制。结果表明：溶液pH对LEV在针铁矿表面的吸附影响较大,不同pH下,其吸附动力学更符合准二级动力学模型(R²>0.98)。在pH为4时,3 h左右达到吸附平衡,而在pH为8时,12 h达到吸附平衡,并且pH为4的吸附量约是pH为8的2倍。XPS和ATR-FTIR的结果一致表明,静电作用和化学吸附是其主要吸附机制,在低pH(pH为4)时,LEV在针铁矿表面主要以单核双齿形态被吸附,在高pH(pH为8)时,主要以双核双齿形态被吸附。在中间pH(pH为6)时,由于静电排斥作用,导致其吸附量最大。     

液液萃取-QuEChERS净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料添加剂可溶性粉中五氯酚酸钠含量

建立液液萃取-QuEChERS净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定可溶性粉中五氯酚酸钠含量的新方法。 可溶性粉先用水溶解后加入1moL/L 盐酸1mL调pH至4左右,加入乙醚液液萃取到乙醚层,蒸干乙醚,乙腈复溶,QuEChERS净化管净化后高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定,标准曲线外标法定量。 五氯酚酸钠在0.50~100μg/L质量范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9994,检出限0.5μg/kg,定量限1.0μg/kg,可溶性粉剂中五氯酚酸钠添加量为1.0、5.0、10.0μg/kg时,五氯酚酸钠的平均回收率为80.2%~94.0%,相对标准偏差小于7%。 该方法快速、高效且价格低廉,适用于饲料添加剂可溶性粉中五氯酚酸钠的快速筛查分析测定。     

不同耕作制下水田土壤有机质氧化铁含量的研究

以第四纪红色粘土发育的旱土为供试土壤,淹水种稻,进行水田耕作制模拟试验,研究对土壤有机质、氧化铁含量的影响。结果表明:有机质的增加是冬泡区>冬绿区>冬油区,但只施化肥的冬泡区有机质增加量少;无定形铁的含量及氧化铁的活化度均逐年增加,其增加速度是冬泡区>冬绿区>冬油区:无定形铁含量与有机质含量之间存在一定的相关性。     

红壤的磷肥有效性差异及其土壤化学特点的初步研究

用发育于玄武岩和花岗岩的红壤及其水稻土作水稻盆栽试验研究红壤的磷肥有效性差异及其土壤化学特点，试验表明，花岗岩发育的红壤及其水田的磷肥有效性与Ｆｅ，Ａｌ有关，而玄武岩发育者，不仅占Ｆｅ，Ａｌ，而且还与Ｍｎ有密切关系，对土壤－植物系统中磷肥有效性与Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ元素相互作用及其机理进行了讨论。     

酸沉降影响下春季庐山森林生态系统水溶态氮的分布及其动态

对1998 年春季庐山森林生态系统中降水、透冠水、茎流水、土壤渗漏水和沟水的水溶态氮(NH 4 -N、NO-3 -N、NO-2 -N) 进行了观测和分析研究。结果表明, 庐山酸雨pH值较1993年升高, 总氮亦有所增加; 系统中氮流通量加大, 输入量大于输出量。土壤尚能有效缓冲大气氮沉降; 氮的输出量中, 以灯台树(Cornusccontroversa)和山胡椒(L.glauca)为主的阔叶林系统多于以日本柳杉(Cryptom eria japonicum ) 为主的针叶林系统; 阔叶林较针叶林更有效地抵抗酸沉降。氮的分布及其动态表明阔叶林生态系统对酸沉降具有较强的缓冲能力。     

山东苹果中可溶性糖,有机酸的研究

本文报导了用高效液相色谱法连续两年测定山东主要栽培苹果总糖含量为８．９２％－１２．５６％。其中果糖含量为５．４４％，葡萄糖含量为２．８２％，蔗糖含量为１．９５％，决定品种差异的糖类为蔗糖，有机酸含量为０．７６％－０．９３％，其中苹果酸约占总酸８４％，其余为琥珀酸、草酸、酒石酸、乙酸、柠檬酸。研究了气候、土壤条件、肥料对糖酸的影响，并根据测定结果提出鉴定苹果品系可用果糖／蔗糖或葡萄糖／蔗糖，果实品质     

不同贮藏温度对湘南梨果实品质和乙烯释放量的影响

以湘南梨为试材，对不同贮藏温度条件下的梨果实可溶性固形物含量、失重率、乙烯释放量进行了测定，结果表明低温贮藏可以减小果实可溶性固形物的变化幅度，降低果实失重率，降低果实及各部位的乙烯释放量，改善梨果贮藏保鲜效果，但不改变各指标在贮藏过程中的变化趋势；不同贮藏条件下乙烯生成和乙烯峰值出现的先后顺序均依次为果心、果肉、果皮，贮藏中后期果皮的乙烯释放量明显高于果肉和果心。     

球壳孢目真菌同工酶电泳：Ⅱ.Ascochyta等八属代表种的分析

对球壳孢目8属46个种的代表菌株进行了酯酶等5种同工酶及菌体可溶性蛋白的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析，电泳图谱显示，种间区别明显，大多数种具有各自的特征性图式，从聚类分析所得相似性矩阵和树状图可见，属内种间的遗传一致性最高的是Sphaeropsis属性，供试菌株相互的相似性多在50％以上，Ascochyta和Phyllosticta两属内的种也表现出较高的相似性，其他属内的供试种则不能类聚在一起。各属间Macrophoma,Coniothyrium,Sphaeropsis和Phyllosticta四属的菌株可在一定的遗传距离内聚为一类，Ascochyta属与这一类的距离也很近，Phomopsis和Phoma两属的菌株出现交叉相聚现象；Septoria属的菌株则各自独立，与其他类群间的距离也较远。     

Potential for the alleviation of arsenic toxicity in paddy rice using amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide amendments

Abstract

A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide (Am-FeOH) amendments on arsenic (As) availability and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BR28) irrigated with As-contaminated water. A rhizobag system was established using 3.5 L plastic pots, each containing one central compartment for plant growth, a middle compartment and an outside compartment. Three levels of laboratory-synthesized Am-FeOH (0, 0.1 and 0.5% w/w) were used to amend samples of the As-free sandy loam paddy soil placed into each compartment of the rhizobag system. The soils were submerged with a solution containing 5 mg L^?1 As(V). Two-week-old rice seedlings were planted in the central compartments and cultured for 9 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The addition of 0.1% Am-FeOH to the soil irrigated with As-contaminated water improved plant growth, reduced the As concentration in the plants and enhanced Fe-plaque formation on the root surfaces. Analysis of soil solution samples collected during the experiment revealed higher pH levels and lower redox potentials in the soils amended with Am-FeOH at the onset of soil submergence, but later the soil solution collected from the 0.1% Am-FeOH treatment was slightly acidic and more oxidized than the solution from the 0% treatment. This indicated active functioning of the roots in the soil treated with 0.1% Am-FeOH. The concentrations of As(III) in the soil solution collected from the central compartment were significantly reduced by the Am-FeOH amendments, whereas in the soil treated with 0% Fe, As(III) accumulated in the rhizosphere, particularly during the late-cultivation period. The improvement in plant growth and reduction in As uptake by plants growing in the Am-FeOH treated soil could be attributed to the reduction of available As in the soil solution, mainly as a result of the binding of As to the Fe-plaque on the root surfaces.