谈对半成品抗原半数感染量判定方法的理解

在兽用生物制品生产中,常用病毒半数感染量（EID50）来表示病毒类疫苗及其半成品抗原的效价,作者以鸡新城疫活疫苗为例,对其半成品抗原及成品EID50的判定方法进行比较分析,加深了对准确表达每毫升半成品抗原病毒含量判定方法的理解。     

社区水平森林可持续经营的社会目标评价

社会可持续评价是森林可持续经营评价的重要组成部分。以临安示范林为研究对象,选取浙江省临安市分属于3个典型片(乡)的9个村,采用野外调查和参与式方法相结合的途径,制定了社区水平(以农户为经营主体林区)森林可持续经营社会目标的标准与指标,包含3个标准及11个指标,并根据标准和指标对森林经营进行调查和量化。结果表明,1999年和2004年,昌化、高虹和临目等3个地点森林经营的社会可持续性分数分别为6.00,6.05;5.77,5.46;5.79,5.94,与1999年相比,2004年3个点分别增长了0.83%,-5.37%和2.59%。表3参10     

Breeding objectives of Brangus cattle in Brazil

Our goal was to define a breeding objective for Brangus beef cattle in Brazil. Bioeconomic models were produced and used to estimate economic values (EVs). The scenarios simulated were typical full-cycle beef production systems that are used in tropical and subtropical regions. The breeding objective contained pregnancy rate (PR), warm carcass weight (WCW), mature cow weight (MCW), number of nematode eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and tick count (TICK). Two models were used in series to estimate the EV. A deterministic model was used to simulate effects of PR, WCW and MCW on profitability with a constant parasite load. Subsequently, stochastic models were used to estimate economic values for TICK and EPG as consequences of their environmental effects on weight gains, mortality and health costs. The EV of PR, WCW, MCW, EPG and TICK, was US$1.59, US$2.11, −US$0.24, −US$5.35 and −US$20.88, respectively. Results indicate positive emphasis should be placed on PR (12.49%) and WCW (65.07%) with negative emphasis on MCW (13.92%), EPG (2.77%) and TICK (5.75%). In comparison with the indexes usually used, these results suggest a reformulation in the selection indexes of the beef production system in tropical and subtropical regions in order to obtain greater profitability.     

县级林业资源管理信息系统技术标准研究与应用

林业资源管理信息系统从纵向看有国家、省、地和区(县)等4级。由于各级管理的要求不同,条件也有较大差异,系统建设技术标准允许求同存异,达到实用性、科学性和经济性三者有机统一。依据信息技术的发展,着重分析县级林业资源监测和信息管理的需要和发展趋势,提出和分析了县级林业资源管理信息系统的网络平台、信息集成平台、数据采集与输出、数据存储与维护技术标准,提出了支撑软件、开发环境和需要解决的关键技术。认为数据的采集与输出要遵循国家及行业标准,同时考虑自身管理与决策需要进行扩充;支撑软件和开发环境要有利于维护和扩充,同时要考虑系统的运行成本。图6表1参13     

BORON NUTRITION OF PEANUT GROWN IN BORON-DEFICIENT CALCAREOUS SOILS: GENOTYPIC VARIATION AND PROPOSED DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

Field studies were conducted to assess boron (B) requirement, critical concentrations in diagnostic parts based on yield response curves and genotypic variation by growing three peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (‘Golden’, ‘BARD-479’, ‘BARI-2000’) on two B-deficient calcareous soils. Boron application significantly increased pod yield of all the cultivars over control. Maximum pod yield increases were: ‘Golden’, 16?23%; ‘BARD-479’, 21?27%; and ‘BARI-2000’, 25?31%. The cultivars varied in B efficiency and cv. ‘Golden’ was the most B efficient (81?86%) while cv. ‘BARI-2000’ was the least efficient (76?80%). Boron requirements for near-maximum (95%) dry pod yield were 0.65 kg ha^?1 for ‘Golden’, 0.75 kg ha^?1 for BARD-479 and 0.80 kg ha^?1 for BARI-2000. Critical B concentrations in shoots and seeds were: ‘Golden’, 33 mg kg^?1 and 26 mg kg^?1; ‘BARD-479’, 38 mg kg^?1 and 31 mg kg^?1; and ‘BARI-2000’, 42 mg kg^?1 and 33 mg kg^?1.     

国家水土保持重点工程效益综合评价模型研究

[目的] 研究水土流失治理效益评价指标体系、评价模型与评价标准,为国家水土保持重点工程绩效评价、实施效果后评价等工作提供技术支撑。[方法] 采用频度分析法筛选评价指标,采用层次分析法确定评价指标权重。[结果] 提出水土保持工程效益评价指标体系,并构建综合评价模型。模型包含土壤固持与保护、水源涵养、生态改善、收益增加、防灾减灾等5大类15个指标。在此基础上,提出了优秀、良好、缓慢改善、恶化、极度恶化5级评价标准。[结论] 水土保持工程效益综合评价模型涵盖了生态、经济、社会等多方面因素以及各因素之间相互作用关系,可为国家水土保持重点工程实施效果提供直观的、综合的、可量化的评价结果。     

Elastic-plastic Analysis of Timber Frame with FEM

Elastic-plastic analysis of timber frame and its seven strengthened projects are analyzed with the software ANSYS10.0. The numerical calculation and material mechanics calculation for the timber beam are compared to verify the correctness of the finite element model. The paper also analyzes the law of stress and strain of timber beam. In contrast with the yield load and ultimate load of strengthened timber frames, it shows that the lateral resistance of timber frame with corner supports is greatly improved. And a strengthened project for the timber frame is put forward.     

Integrating new soybean varieties for soil fertility management in smallholder systems through participatory research: Lessons from western Kenya

The aim of this paper was to understand the process of selecting soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) promiscuous varieties by smallholders for soil fertility management in western Kenya. Eight varieties were screened on 2.5 m × 3 m plots that were managed according to farmers’ practices and evaluated through participatory monitoring and evaluation approaches. Farmers selected preferred varieties and explained their reasons (criteria) for making the selections. Seven promiscuous varieties had better yields than a local one. Farmers’ selection criteria fell into three broad categories relating to yield, appearance and labour. Selection criteria were not primarily aimed to improve soil fertility. This created a challenge to embed the new varieties within the local farming systems for soil fertility improvement. This study shows that farmer criteria for selecting varieties overlapped with scientific procedures. We propose co-research activities targeted to strengthen farmer experimentation skills, their understanding on N addition, and the role of P.     

邓恩桉优树的选择标准

以1988、1991年种植在广西柳州、桂林两地的邓恩桉为选优林分对象,用5株优势木对比法进行选优,同时研究了优树的入选标准.通过对50株候选优树和250株5株优势木生长量数据、分枝与干形得分值的分析,确定了本次选优的标准为:胸径≥优势木平均胸径1.2倍(或树高≥优势木平均树高1.06倍)、单株材积≥优势木平均单株材积1.44倍、分枝与干形二者综合得分5分以上(含),符合该选优标准的候选优树有26株,入选率为52%.该选优标准适合所研究的林分及与研究林分情况相近的邓恩桉林分的选优.