顺应理论视角下的汉语古诗词翻译标准的探讨

从顺应理论的角度出发,皆在探析翻译中顺应理论对汉语古诗词翻译标准研究的启示。在顺应理论的视角下,翻译是一个对原来语言的语境和语言结构之间作出的动态的顺应过程。汉语古诗词翻译标准,放在不同的理论框架中具有不同的含义,将这些不同的含义具体化,既有利于翻译实践,也有利于汉语古诗词翻译标准研究的进一步深入。     

对全国第二次土壤普查中土类、亚类划分及其调查制图的辨析

按照中国发生分类对新采集的68个北京市山区的土壤剖面进行了分类命名,并与剖面点所在土壤普查图上的分类名称进行比较,结果是只有18个剖面的分类名称一致。造成分类名称不一致的原因:1发生分类以区域典型土壤剖面分类命名,而区域内很多土壤不同于典型土壤剖面;2发生分类往往以现代生物气候带为主要分类标准命名区域土壤,而不是根据土壤性质;3分类不一致的最大原因可能是制图精度不够。研究认为,土壤分类必须依据土壤性质本身,而不是土壤形成因素;采取野外单土壤性质调查制图,室内叠加单土壤性质图形成多属性图斑,根据分类系统对它们进行综合分类,以提高分类制图精度。     

获得小麦群体高产的单株选择性状研究

（西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100）     

Predictive study of the advantages of cleistogamy in oilseed rape in limiting unwanted gene flow

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of beginning the selection process on a new genetic characteristic, cleistogamy, to manage gene flow in oilseed rape. The first step was to introduce this characteristic in an existing model of gene flow between oilseed rape populations in time and space, GeneSys-Rape. The second step was to evaluate the parameters of the model linked to this characteristic using field experimentations. Cleistogamous oilseed rape was shown to have an autogamy rate as high as 94% and to emit 10 times less pollen than an open-flowered oilseed rape in the same conditions. But the cleistogamous character was also shown to be unstable in the genotypes tested. The third step was to evaluate the interest of cleistogamy using simulations comparing several genotypes with or without cleistogamy in two different cropping systems. These simulations showed that an oilseed rape both dwarf and cleistogamous was interesting to limit gene escape and that a 99%-autogamous oilseed rape was interesting to limit both gene escape from and harvest contamination of the 99%-autogamous oilseed rape.     

酶制剂对肉仔鸡生理生化指标的影响研究

试验选用1日龄罗斯308肉鸡256只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每重复16只鸡.分别饲喂正对照组(试验1组)基础日粮;负对照组(试验2组)基础日粮(降低代谢能0.21MJ/kg);负对照组日粮+200 g/T酶制剂(试验3组)、负对照组日粮+ 400 g/T复合酶制剂(试验4组).试验结果如下:肉鸡日粮中添加NSP酶制剂对肉仔鸡血液生理生化指标有影响,可提高28日龄、45日龄肉仔鸡血清葡萄糖的含量(P＜0.05),NSP酶制剂对血清总蛋白含量的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05).NSP酶制剂可降低28日龄、45日龄肉仔鸡血清总胆固醇含量(P＜0.05).NSP酶制剂对血清尿酸含量的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05).NSP酶制剂对血清钙、磷含量的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05).NSP酶制剂可提高28日龄、45日龄肉仔鸡血清T3的含量(P＜0.05).NSP酶制剂对28日龄血清肉仔鸡T4水平的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05);NSP酶制剂可提高45日龄肉仔鸡血清T4水平(P＜0.05).NSP酶制剂对28日龄血清肉仔鸡GH水平的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05),NSP酶制剂可提高45日龄肉仔鸡血清GH水平(P＜0.05).     

社区森林经营的生态可持续性度量

利用参与式方法在浙江临安市3个乡的9个村制定了度量森林经营生态可持续性的标准与指标,并结合专家法确定各指标的阈值和标准与指标的权重,同时利用层次分析法对3个乡的森林经营可持续性进行了评价。该度量体系由生物多样性保护、森林生产力的维持、维持森林的健康、森林经营活动的环境响应4个标准的11个指标组成,在每个指标下面设定验证参数,以利于数据采集和量化。在3个乡的评价结果表明:森林经营生态可持续性的分值在1994年和2002年分别为昌化5 65和5 64,高虹4 68和5 09,临目5 47和6 88。与1994年相比,昌化、高虹和临目在2002年森林生态系统经营的可持续性得分分别增加-0 18%,8 76%,25 78%。12年来临目在森林经营的生态目标上比其它2个乡提高了很多。这3个研究地点的生态可持续性的现实值都大于预先设定的5分,说明目前这3个地点的森林经营状况都是良好的,但离森林可持续经营的理想状态还有较长一段距离。     

深水养殖网箱试验中网衣相似准则的应用

通过分析与试验相结合的方法对重力相似准则在网衣试验中的适用性进行研究。试验以在国内应用较广的田内相似准则作为参照,分析讨论了两种相似准则的异同,推导得出了重力相似准则结合大小尺度比在网衣模型设计中的质量校正公式及刚度校正公式。并据此按照两种相似准则,设计了包括网衣、底杆和沉子系统的两套模型,模型上端固定于设置了受力传感器的刚性直杆上。试验在纯流条件下进行,分别设置5组流速,试验水深0．8m。各组流速重复试验3次,受力由固定于刚性直杆上的传感器测量获得,网衣的变形则通过系缚在网衣上的二极管的坐标确定。在进行受力分析时,由于两相似准则的受力比尺不同,因此必须将模型受力按照对应比尺统一转换为原型值,同时利用受力与流速的回归关系式将模型受力校正为同一流速下的数值然后再进行比较。试验结果表明,相同流速条件下,两种相似准则的模型受力及变形总体上吻合较好,说明重力相似准则在网衣试验中采用质量校正及刚度修正后同样能够得到令人满意的结果,而且试验中模型的大尺度比达到1：20,这无疑为涉及波浪问题的深水网箱模型试验的设计提供了保障,从而避免了田内相似准则在深水网箱试验研究中应用的局限性。     

论股东资格认定标准

股东资格作为投资人享有股东权利和承担股东义务的前提和基础,其认定标准对投资者、公司以及公司债权人等均有极其重要的意义。但现行《公司法》并未对此认定标准作出明确规定,导致司法实践中确认股东资格的纠纷经常发生。在深人分析股东资格认定依据的基础上,提出认定股东资格的基本思路和具体规则,以期能有助于解决股东资格认定的难题。     

南洋楹优树选择标准研究

南洋楹(Paraserianthes falcataria(L.)Nielsen)是含羞草科(Mimosaceae)南洋楹属常绿乔木树种,原产马来西亚的马六甲和印度尼西亚的马鲁古群岛,是世界上著名的热带速生树种之一。该树生     

Performance of potential non-crop or wild species under OECD 208 testing guideline study conditions for terrestrial non-target plants

The inclusion of 52 potential non-crop or wild species in new OECD guidelines for terrestrial non-target plant (TNTP) testing led to a ring test conducted by four laboratories experienced in regulatory testing. Species selected had shown potential to meet validity criteria of emergence for TNTP studies in a previous evaluation of the 52 species. OECD 208 guideline conditions were applied, with and without seed pretreatments recommended to enhance germination. These species were Abutilon theophrasti (L.) Medic., Avena fatua L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Adans., Galium aparine L., Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. and Veronica persica Poir. Only I. hederacea met the validity criterion of 70% emergence in all laboratories and showed a low variability in biomass. Of the other species, none led to 70% emergence in all four laboratories. The recommended pretreatments did not have a major impact on emergence. Biomass was also investigated with A. theophrasti, A. fatua, Centaurea cyanus L., I. hederacea and Rumex crispus L. Variability of biomass, a key parameter in TNTP regulatory studies, exceeded normal biomass variability of crop species used for TNTP studies. The addition of a thin layer of quartz sand to the soil surface resulted in improved emergence of C. cyanus, G. aparine and V. persica; however, such a procedure, while routine in screening studies to improve germination, is a deviation from the TNTP guidelines. These initial studies indicate that some species could meet the emergence criteria for TNTP testing. However, there is a need for further studies on seed source, seed quality and conditions for uniform emergence before their use in routine regulatory testing.