油菜菌核病生防芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其脂肽化合物分析

采用平板拮抗筛选,分别从西藏日喀则地区和拉萨地区杂草根围土壤中筛选到2个对油菜菌核病菌有显著拮抗活性的芽孢杆菌菌株RJGP16和YBWC43。通过生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析和BOX-PCR指纹图谱分析,鉴定菌株RJGP16为萎缩芽孢杆菌Bacillus atrophaeus, 菌株YBWC43为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。离体叶片试验结果显示,菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病菌防治效果分别为50.24%和100.00%。脂肽化合物种类分析显示,菌株RJGP16产生脂肽化合物表面活性素和芬枯草菌素,菌株YBWC43产生杆菌霉素D和芬枯草菌素。表明菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病的防治效果与其产生的脂肽化合物有关。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病继发大肠杆菌感染的诊断研究

笔者饲养的200多只蛋鸡用种公鸡于50日龄左右突然发病，主要症状为食欲剧减甚至废绝，羽毛逆立，缩颈嗜眠。倒提时口内流出大量黏液状液体，排恶臭白色或微黄带泡沫稀粪，呈水样。发病率达80％，死亡率达32％。剖检可见部分鸡胸肌和腿肌出血，法氏囊水肿出血，个别鸡法氏囊内有黄色较硬的球状分泌物，有的鸡有心包炎和肝周炎，肠道、脾脏和肾脏有出血点。综合以上症状和实验室病毒学和细菌学检测，确诊为传染性法氏囊病继发大肠杆菌感染。     

Study on Synergistic Effect of VA5 Immunopotentiator on Pigeon NDV Inactivated Vaccine

This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect of VA5 immunopotentiator on pigeon ND4416 inactivated vaccine.160 healthy pigeons were randomly divided into four groups,including ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine group (NDV group),ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine and immunopotentiator (VA5) mixed group (NDV+VA5 group),La Sota inactivated vaccine group (La Sota group) and normal saline as the control group (C group),to assess their vaccine efficacy against virulent pigeon NDV by serological analysis and animal testing.Pigeons sera were collected at different time points after immunization and measured the HI antibody titer of each group.The results showed that VA5 immunopotentiator significantly improved the serum antibody level of pigeons immunized with pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine (P<0.05).In addition,comparative test of spleen lymphocyte transformation was conducted at various time points after immunization.The results indicated that VA5 effectively stimulated the lymphocyte transformation of immune pigeon.Pigeons in each groups were challenged with ND4416 strain at the 30th,90th and 180th d after immunization.The results presented that the NDV+VA5 group had 100% protection rate and higher than La Sota group.The duration of immunization test showed that the antibody titer of NDV+VA5 group reached peak 11.20log₂ at the 21st d,remained 7.50log₂ at 180th d,and the protection rate remained 100% at 180th d.It indicated that VA5 immunopotentiator sustained the immune duration of pigeon NDV vaccine up to 180 d.Moreover,the in vitro detoxification test results suggested that VA5 immunopotentiator reduced the in vitro detoxification cycle of pigeons after challenge.Overall,this study suggested VA5 immunopotentiator could significantly improve the immune efficacy of pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine,which provided a basis for further enhancing the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine,as well increased experimental data for the application of immunopotentiators.     

平菇假单胞菌腐烂病防治研究

采用在室内进行抑茵毒力试验和菇棚化学防治试验的方法,研究3％中生菌素等药剂对平菇假单胞菌腐烂病的防治效果.结果表明:3％中生菌素300倍液及500倍液的抑茵效果较为突出,抑菌率分别达16.00％及13.89％,水杨酸100倍液及72％硫酸链霉素2 000倍液也有一定的抑茵效果.5种药剂在生产上防治平菇假单胞茵腐烂病均有良好的防效,其中3％中生菌素500倍液校正防效达到96.1％,最适宜在生产上推广应用.     

论牛口蹄疫的防治

口蹄疫(一类传染病)俗名“口疮”、“辟癀”,是由口蹄疫病毒(foot and mouth disease virus,FMDV)所引起的偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。易感动物牛,其特征为主要表现为口腔粘膜、乳房和蹄部出现水疱。此病传播速度极强、范围广,一旦发病,如果没有及时诊治就会造成巨大的经济损失,因此我们必须采取严格防治措施。     

霍乱弧菌封闭带毒素功能片段△G的原核表达及其免疫增强活性

用PCR扩增了MBP—ZOT质粒上的ZOT基因，该基因编码264～399位氨基酸残基C末端的15ku △G片段，并与经改造后的质粒P^BCX、连接。将重组后的质粒PMLAG在大肠杆菌BL21中表达，将表达的目的蛋白纯化，再将p^BCX-△G片段与传染性腔上囊炎病毒VP2包涵体蛋白通过滴鼻免疫途径对14日龄SPF鸡进行联合免疫试验，分别于免疫后第10、20d采集血清样品，进行ELISA试验，检测免疫后IBD抗体效价。动物免疫试验发现：融合蛋白P^BCX △G起到了明显免疫增强效果，与VP2重组蛋白联合免疫2次后，血清IBD的VP2 IgG抗体效价是单独用VP2免疫组的3倍，明显高于空白免疫组。     

Involvement of extracellular signal regulated kinase in the regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing in PC12 cells by TPPB

AIM: To explore the signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by protein kinase C (PKC) activator TPPB.METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with TPPB (PKC activator) for 3 h and various signal transduction inhibitors were added to the conditioned medium to investigate their effects on α-secretase form of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα) secretion after TPPB treatment via Western blotting. Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK, p42/44MAPK) and phospho-p42/44MAPK were also measured after TPPB treatment.RESULTS: TPPB (1 μmol/L) significantly increased sAPPα secretion as compared with control group. The increase in sAPPα secretion by TPPB was partially blocked by ERK inhibitor U0126, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor genistein, but not by p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580. TPPB (1 μmol/L) increased the expression of phospho-p42/44MAPK without altering total p42/44MAPK levels.CONCLUSION: ERK, JNK and PTK may be involved in the regulation of APP processing by TPPB.     

2002—2014年陕西省小麦条锈菌生理小种变化动态和小麦品种(系)的抗病性

为明确陕西省小麦条锈菌的群体结构、变异动态和新育成小麦品种(系)的抗病性,为病害流行预测、防治以及抗病育种提供依据,本研究于2002—2014年从陕西省8个市(区)的28个县(区)和毗邻的甘肃省、四川省和湖北省部分地区共采集鉴定小麦条锈菌标样2 779份,监测到条锈菌生理小种和致病类型45个,其中,CYR33和CYR32为目前陕西省小麦条锈菌主要流行小种,新致病类型G22-9和G22-14虽然目前出现频率不高,但对贵农系列、92R系列以及Moro均有毒性,且出现频率呈上升趋势。目前小麦条锈菌群体中Hybrid46致病类群和水源11致病类群占绝对优势,这与我国小麦品种抗病基因单一化有较大关系,应加强开发和利用新的、多元化的抗源材料。对2 952份陕西省新育成小麦品种(系)抗病性测试结果表明,其整体抗性水平呈上升趋势。综合条锈菌生理小种监测和抗病性分析结果,目前小麦抗条锈病育种应以抗CYR33和CYR32为主,同时注意对G22-9和G22-14的抗病性研究。     

Etiology of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common congenital heart disease in dogs and usually causes heart failure and death unless corrected at a young age. Previous histologic studies in a line of dogs derived from Miniature Poodles with hereditary PDA identified varying degrees of hypoplasia and asymmetry of ductus-specific smooth muscle and the presence of aortalike elastic tissue in the ductus wall sufficient to cause patency. To determine if similar structural abnormalities cause PDA in other dogs, serial-section, 3-dimensional histology of ductal architecture was studied in 8 non-Poodle purebred dogs with PDA with no immediate family history of PDA. Morphologic abnormalities were observed in 7 of 8 dogs with PDA and essentially were the same as those in dogs known to have a hereditary form of PDA. These findings suggest that apparently sporadic PDA in these breeds is caused by a genetic defect in the structure of the ductus arteriosus that is similar or identical to that in the Poodle. The relatives of dogs with PDA, particularly parents, offspring, and siblings, should be screened for evidence of PDA. Dogs with PDA should not be used for breeding, regardless of breed.     

我国气候因素的变化对奶牛生产的影响

在分析我国气候因素变化的基础上,着重阐述了气候因子对我国奶牛采食,饲料利用率,产奶量和乳成分,奶牛的繁殖力,日增重及发病率等生产性能的影响。结果表明,高温高湿是奶牛生产的主要环境因子。作者不提出了控制奶牛环境的若干措施。