钾肥对紫花苜蓿根颈丙二醛、可溶性蛋白含量与抗氧化系统的影响

为探究钾肥种类及用量对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)抗寒性的影响,本研究以'北极熊'为供试紫花苜蓿品种,采用二因素随机区组试验设计,研究了秋季施用不同钾肥(硫酸钾和氯化钾)及不同施用量(0,50,100,150,200 kg·hm-2 K2 O)对越冬期苜蓿根颈在不同温度(4℃,—20℃)处理下抗氧化酶[过氧化...     

几种草被植物的水土保持效应研究

利用小型观测场,对比了几种草被植物地降水、径流量、土壤侵蚀量和土壤的物理性质.结果表明, 与裸地相比,草被植物可以增加土壤的覆盖度,减少降水的径流系数,减少土壤侵蚀量,其中百脉根Lotus corniculatus的效应最为明显.草被植物可以减小土壤容重,增加土壤空隙率,使土壤蓄水保水能力增加,同时提高土壤入渗速率和土壤的抗蚀性,其中百脉根地土壤含水量和入渗速率最大,苇状羊茅Festuca arundinacea地崩解所需时间最长.如苇状羊茅地、葛藤Pueraria lobata地、百脉根地和空旷地0～2 m土层土壤平均含水量分别是15.74%,15.83%,16.06%和14.61%,苇状羊茅、葛藤、百脉根地土壤完全崩解所需时间分别比空旷地多780,627,704 min.     

Effects of different types of dietary non-digestible carbohydrates on the physico-chemical properties and microbiota of proximal colon digesta of growing pigs

The effect of different types of fibre on the intestinal digesta and microbial diversity was evaluated in growing pigs. The animals were fed during forty-two days with one of four experimental diets including a control group, a diet enriched with resistant starch type I, by coarse ground corn, and other two diets containing sugar beet pulp (8%) and wheat bran (10%) (as sources of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides respectively). Body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were assessed at day 7, 21 and 42. Luminal samples of digesta from proximal colon were collected to analyse water retention capacity (WRC), concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and the microbial diversity. Overall, animals fed with higher amounts of non-digestible carbohydrates had lower ADFI and BW. Sugar beet pulp provoked an increase of WRC, a higher concentration of SCFA, and a more stable microbial diversity throughout the experimental period. On the other hand, animals fed with wheat bran presented a lower bacterial diversity.     

复种饲料油菜对麦茬耕层土壤酶活性的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究了不同种植密度与施氮量条件下,复种饲料油菜对麦茬耕层(0~15 cm)土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,麦收后复种饲料油菜能显著或极显著地提高土壤过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(APHA)、纤维素酶(CEL)和脲酶(URA)的活性,与休闲熟化地(CK)比较,最大提高幅度分别为32.15%,35.61%,78.66%和127.36%。土壤酶活性的变化与复种饲料油菜的播种量和施氮量有关,随播种量的增加土壤CAT、CEL和URA活性表现为逐渐递增态势,而土壤APHA表现为先增后减,播种量为11.5 kg/hm2时,APHA活性可达0.7888mg/g。在油菜生长的苗期,土壤APHA、CEL和URA随施氮量的增加而增加,土壤CAT则随施氮量的增加先增后降,呈单峰曲线;在生长后期(收获期),低氮量有利于土壤APHA活性的增加,中氮量有利于土壤CAT和CEL活性的增加,高氮量有利于URA活性的增加。     

鲁梅克斯对草甸盐土的改土效应研究

在草甸盐土上种植鲁梅克斯Rumex patientia×R.tianschanicus cv.Rumex K-1,脱盐改土效果十分明显.种植鲁梅克斯3～4年,鲜草产量达100.51 t/hm2,pH值由8.43降为7.99,耕作层土壤总孔隙度增加5.29%～7.06%,土壤容重降低0.14～0.21 g/cm3,水稳性团粒结构增加23.14%～32.34%,自然含水量增加72.12～89.44 g/kg,土壤有机质、速效氮、磷、钾亦随之增加.     

“吉农朝鲜碱茅”与“三北”地区盐碱地的改良

简述了国内外盐碱地的现状与分布，生物改良盐碱地的方法，已被科学家们所共识。我们利用碱茅属（Puccinelia Parl）植物改良盐碱地已取得重大进展。新育成的“吉农朝鲜碱茅”（P．chinampoesis Ohwi CV．“Jinong”）具有更加优良的性状和广泛的适应性。该品种将在“三北”地区的生态环境建设和盐碱地改良过程中发挥重要作用。     

践踏和降水对环县典型草原土壤颗粒分维特征的影响

采用试验践踏与模拟降水控制试验,对16个不同试验组合样区表土(0~15 cm)质地的机械组成进行分析,结果表明,随着践踏强度增加,土壤颗粒表现出不同程度的粗化趋势,降水具有双向调节的作用。利用分形模型计算了土壤粒径分形维数,计算结果表明,分形维数指标与践踏强度呈负相关关系。但分形维数递减幅度与模拟降水处理水平相关,在模拟降水处理水平依次为干旱、自然降水、平水、丰水时,粒径分形维数递减幅度依次为4.33%,2.61%,1.34%和1.23%。降水与践踏的匹配关系,对形成确定的分形维数具有决定性作用。由于具有较高分形维数的土壤更易发生放牧侵蚀,若管理不善则会发展为荒漠化。因此,在此种意义上来说,土壤分形维数的测算对进一步研究放牧侵蚀机理和荒漠化形成过程可能具有推动作用。     

不同工艺条件对青海传统蒙古奶茶品质的影响

为优化青海传统蒙古奶茶加工工艺,提高其口感质量,以青砖茶、鲜牛乳为主要原料,赤砂糖和食盐为辅料,探究浸提料水比、浸提温度、浸提时间及牛乳、赤砂糖、食盐的添加比例对青海传统蒙古奶茶品质的影响。采用单因素试验、Plackeet-Burman(PB)试验设计、Box-Behnken试验设计,通过感官评定、茶多酚含量及稳定性分析得到蒙古奶茶的三个显著性因素,最佳工艺条件为:浸提时间90min,糖6%,盐0.4%。该配方下蒙古奶茶呈浅棕色液体,无分层,口感最佳,营养成分指标为:茶多酚330.27mg/kg,蛋白质0.69%,可溶性固形物14.7%,沉淀率3.24%,稳定系数0.905。此蒙古奶茶制备工艺可为该青海传统乳制品的工业化生产提供参考依据。     

Plant Species Composition and Forage Production 14 Yr After Biosolids Application and Grazing Exclusion

This paper examines the effects of a single surface application of biosolids (at 20 dry Mg ha^{? 1}) on plant species composition, forage quality and quantity, and C stocks after 14 yr of rest in rangelands of the Central Interior of British Columbia. More than two times the aboveground biomass of grasses and the percent cover of plant litter were found in the biosolids treatment relative to the control, along with reductions in bare soil and microbiotic crust cover. Significantly greater plant uptake of all macronutrients (C, N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg); most micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn); and Al occurred in the biosolids treatment. P and Cu were the only two nutrients to be more concentrated in the biosolids-treated forage relative to the control forage, while N, Mg, and protein were more concentrated in the control forage. No significant difference in forage digestibility was found between biosolids and control treatments. Bluebunch wheatgrass, the late-seral native grass species, had significantly increased cover and aboveground biomass in the biosolids treatment relative to the control; however, between 2006 and 2016, non-native Kentucky bluegrass had reached > 25% cover in the biosolids plots, perhaps restricting the full recovery of bluebunch wheatgrass. Our findings indicate that biosolids application to ungrazed rangeland can increase long-term forage production and reduce bare soil. However, at our study site biosolids application also led to a long-term shift in the plant community composition away from the late-seral (i.e., bluebunch wheatgrass) trajectory, and the effects of this shift on rangeland health and productivity require further investigation.