蒙阴县有机肥替代化肥实施现状分析

有机肥替代化肥是加快推进农业绿色发展、资源循环利用、发展现代农业的重要技术之一。本文系统总结了蒙阴县有机肥替代化肥项目实施的主要经验做法和取得的成效,对项目实施过程中出现的问题进行了分析,并提出了意见和建议。通过项目实施,果园土壤理化性状和生态环境得到有效改善,果品品质显著提高,市场竞争力不断增强,促进了农民增收和农业的转型升级。     

夏玉米田作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发模拟计算方法研究

本文依据能量平衡原理和质量守恒定律，提出了作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发的估算模式，并对参数的估算做了详细的分析和讨论。最后利用试验区实测资料，通过田间水热耦合运移的数值模拟，对夏玉米田作物蒸腾棵间土壤蒸发模型及其模拟计算方法进行了验证，结果表明，本文提出的模型和模拟计算方法是有效而实用的。     

Lithic soils in the semi-arid region of Brazil: edaphic characterization and susceptibility to erosion

Soils(Leptosols or Epileptic Regosols)with lithic contact at a depth of 50 cm occupy almost 20%of the Brazilian semi-arid region.These lithic soils are susceptible to erosion due to faster saturation of water-holding capacity during rainfall,which accelerates the beginning of runoff.However,erosion traits of lithic soils in the semi-arid region of Brazil are less studied.The aim of this study was to characterize the soil and landscape attributes in areas with Neossolos Litólicos(Entisols)in the Caatinga biome to identify region of high susceptibility to erosion.Results showed that the soils were characterized by a sandy texture,soil structure with poor development and low content of organic carbon.These attributes increase susceptibility to erosion and reduce water storage capacity,especially in the states of Cearáand Sergipe.In these states,the content of rock fragments in the soil reaches 790 g/kg.High contents of silt and fine sand,high silt/clay ratio,predominance of Leptosols and strong rainfall erosivity were observed in Piauíand northwestern Ceará.A very high degree of water erosion was observed in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba.Despite the low degree of erosion observed in the state of Bahia,it is highly susceptible to erosion due to the predominance of very shallow soils,rugged relief and high values of rainfall erosivity.Lower vulnerability was observed in the state of Alagoas because of its more smoothed relief,greater effective soil depth,thicker A horizon of soil and lower rainfall erosivity.In general,the characteristics that intensify the susceptibility to erosion in the Caatinga biome are those soil structures with poor development or without aggregation,low contents of organic carbon,high contents of silt and fine sand,high values of silt/clay ratio and rugged relief in some regions.This study collected information contributing to a better characterization of soils with lithic contact in the semi-arid region of Brazil.In addition,regions with a higher susceptibility to erosion were identified,revealing insights that could help develop strategies for environmental risk mitigation.     

高质量发展下我国休闲农业知识产权保护研究

随着农业新业态迅猛发展,我国农业新业态新领域的知识产权保护显著滞后,尤其在休闲农业领域较为突出。加强相关领域知识产权保护,对于促进我国农业高质量发展和乡村振兴具有重要作用。但是由于休闲农业相关知识产权保护制度体系缺乏可借鉴的国际经验、制度执行缺少针对性的保护手段、新型经营主体知识产权保护意识差等问题,对休闲农业长期健康发展造成较大影响。因此,应基于对不同主体知识产权应用与保护诉求的充分了解,精准创设新型知识产权制度、加快管理方式创新、搭建多元参与平台,系统解决创意设计边界不清、农业资源权利主体模糊、技术更迭快过制度供给等问题。     

农村土地产权非私有化改革

文章从产权的不同属性来论证中国“新土改”的农村土地产权公有(共有)性不变。通过对“新土改”政策下农村土地产权治理与制定农村土地产权制度一般原则探索,论证“新土改”政策是科学发展观一部分,是新时期具体的马克思主义中国化。     

寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草监测与防治

草原是内蒙古地区草食畜牧养殖产业健康发展的基础,同时也是优质牧草的主要来源。有毒有害牧草生长扩散预示着草场退化,对当地草食畜牧养殖产业健康发展会造成毁灭性打击。有毒有害植物生长发育,不仅会危害牲畜健康且还会严重消耗土壤的水分和养分,妨碍优良牧草繁殖生长,使草场产量和质量显著下降。在长时间草场利用过程中,很多农牧民群众只注重索取,不注重生态环境保护,使草场生产能力和抵抗能力逐渐变差,给有毒有害牧草繁殖生长提供了条件。因此需要加强寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草的监测,并采取针对性措施进行防控,降低发病率。该文主要探讨内蒙古呼伦贝尔市寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草的种类,并提出相应的防治措施。     

丽水市责任山产权登记现状分析与探讨

通过对浙江省丽水市责任山产权登记现状的调查,分析各县、市、区存在登记差异的原因,并提出了解决问题的建议。     

Changes in the blood lactate dehydrogenase measurements in canines and felines following the international standardization of the assay method

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood is measured using the Japanese Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) method in Japan and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method in other countries. In human clinical practice, the IFCC method replaced the JSCC method due to international standardization. Moreover, veterinary LDH measurement will also eventually shift to the IFCC method. However, the relationship between the IFCC and JSCC methods for LDH in various animals and whether they can be equated or not have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to present the changes in measurements in canines and felines after switching to the IFCC method. The plasma LDH activity of canines (N=177) and felines (N=115), who visited a secondary care veterinary clinic, was measured using the JSCC and IFCC methods. The IFCC/JSCC ratio was <1.0 in 85% of canines and 88% of felines, indicating that the IFCC method tended to show lower values than the JSCC method, presumably because LDH5 is dominant among the LDH isozymes in canines and felines. The increase in the systematic errors of both assays was in the high value range, with some samples exceeding the error tolerance from near the upper end of the reference range. When switching to the IFCC method for LDH measurement in canines and felines, each institution should consider whether the reference range and clinical diagnostic values established by the JSCC method are appropriate for continued use.     

耕作与施肥模式对渭北旱塬春玉米田蓄水保墒与玉米产量的影响

为揭示渭北旱塬春玉米田休闲期不同保护性耕作模式的蓄水保墒与增产增收效应,寻找适合渭北旱塬春玉米田水肥高效利用的耕作方式和施肥水平,于2013—2014年度在陕西省合阳县甘井镇春玉米田分别设置传统农户模式(翻耕+低肥,S1)、现有高效模式(免耕+高肥,S2)、创新高效模式(深松+平衡施肥,S3)等模式处理,研究各类耕作与施肥相结合保护性耕作模式下春玉米水分利用率、产量和经济效益差异。结果表明,创新模式S3和现有模式S2较农户模式S1播前增加了土壤贮水量;创新模式S3和现有模式S2处理在玉米主要生育期0~200 cm土层平均土壤贮水量分别比农户模式S1增加23.3 mm和18.1 mm,水分利用效率分别提高12.3%和10%,产量增加11.1%、9.2%。创新模式和现有模式均较农户模式能够增加土壤贮水量,提高水分利用效率,增加产量和经济效益,但创新模式蓄水保墒,增产增收优势明显,是适合渭北旱塬地区春玉米生产的水肥管理模式。     

W-OH新材料特性及在青海湖周边地区沙化地植生固沙中的应用

W-OH是一种新型的化学植生固沙材料,通过室内试验及青海湖周边地区的不同处理方式植生固沙试验表明,3%～5%浓度的W-OH材料在抗冻、抗压、抗拉、抗紫外线等性能均能达到青海湖周边地区植生固沙的要求,在处理方式喷涂W-OH+沟处理试验中取得了良好的植被恢复和治沙效果,适合在青海湖周边地区类似条件的地区进行推广应用。