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61.
《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(6):1285-1291
Two common plant species of temperate wet grasslands, Carex acuta and Glyceria maxima, were tested for their preferences in the uptake of different nitrogen (N) sources (amino acid, ammonium, nitrate) and their ability to compete for these sources with soil microorganisms. The experiment was a one-day incubation study with plants growing in soil obtained from the field, which was supplied with a solution containing the three N sources, one at a time labeled with 15N. The bulk of the N demand of both species was covered by nitrate-N, which was the dominant N form in the soil at the time of the experiment. Ammonium-N was taken up less strongly, and organic N formed only a negligible part of their nutrition. The assimilated inorganic N was preferentially transported to apical meristem of the youngest leaf, while organic N remained mostly in the roots. The fast-growing Glyceria took up more N and was a better competitor vis-à-vis soil microbes for rarer N forms than Carex. However, both plants were poor competitors for N vis-à-vis soil microbes, irrespective of the N form. Microbes took up nitrate ca. five times faster and organic N more than a hundred times faster than plants. Correspondingly, the calculated turnover time of microbial N was 17 days, compared to 40 days for N in plant roots. A significant amount of added 15N was found at non-exchangeable sites in the soil, which points to the importance of microbial N transformation and abiotic N fixation for N retention in soil. In summary, the preferential assimilation of inorganic N by the wetland plants studied here and their poor ability to compete for N with soil microbes over the short term agree with the results of studies carried out with other species from temperate grasslands. 相似文献
62.
Mupangwa JF Ngongoni NT Topps JH Hamudikuwanda H 《Tropical animal health and production》2000,32(4):245-256
Growth and digestibility experiments were conducted on growing East African type goats offered Chloris gayana hay supplemented with one of three high-protein (119–128 g CP/kg DM) legume hays, Cassia rotundifolia (cassia), Lablab purpureus (lablab) or Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro), and crushed maize to investigate the feed intake, digestibility, growth and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Goats in the supplemented groups had higher total dry matter and nitrogen intakes and higher N retention and body mass gains than unsupplemented counterparts. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre were increased by protein supplementation. Animals on supplemented diets had higher fractional outflow rates of particulate matter from the rumen. The production of protein by ruminal microbes and the efficiency of microbial N production were increased by supplementation. It was concluded that a mixture of low-quality grass hay (61.9 CP/kg DM) and either cassia, lablab or siratro hay, and maize grain can provide a productive balanced diet for growing goats. 相似文献
63.
科尔沁沙地坨甸交错区土壤水分的空间变异规律 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
科尔沁沙地沙丘-草甸相间地区,地貌形态多样、土地利用类型众多,从而导致土壤水分空间分布的复杂性。通过对科尔沁沙地典型沙丘-草甸相间地区的调查取样与试验分析,运用统计学理论和方法,研究土壤水分的空间变异性及其空间分布规律。结果表明:水平方向上,土壤水分总体表现为草甸地大于沙丘地,过渡带介于两者之间。就草甸地而言,植物生长越好,其土壤水分越高,保水持水性能也越好;沙丘地则与之相反,植被最稀疏的流动沙丘,其土壤含水量大于半流动半固定沙丘与固定沙丘,且有良好的储水条件。垂向上,高覆盖草甸、低覆盖草甸和农田(草甸)土壤含水量在地表下0~40 cm波动最大,40~160 cm随深度增加而递增;流动沙丘、半流动沙丘和固定沙丘土壤含水量随深度增加呈微弱加大趋势。林地、撂荒地、农田(沙丘)变化程度居中。从空间分布看,研究区中东部土壤水分偏大,且向南北两侧区域递减。 相似文献
64.
摘 要:由于长期连作导致香蕉枯萎病大量爆发,造成香蕉种植面积锐减,已严重影响海南香蕉产业的发展,因而急需寻求能够缓解或克服香蕉连作障碍的有效措施。本实验旨在探究使用绿色土壤熏蒸剂对长期连作蕉园的香蕉枯萎病的防控效果,特别是对植株生长发育、土壤化学性质和根际微生物区系的影响。田间试验共设置两个处理:石灰碳铵熏蒸处理(LAB)和对照处理(CK)。结果表明: LAB处理可以显著降低香蕉枯萎病发病率,与CK处理相比两季分别降低40%和46.62%,显著增加香蕉亩产量,与CK处理相比两季分别增产45.56%和75.99%。LAB处理可以显著提高土壤pH,改善土壤酸化,使酸性土壤维持中性水平,同时,增加土壤有机质含量,并且显著提高土壤速效磷(两季分别提高28.33%和89.14%)和速效钾含量(23.92%和38.67%)。并且LAB处理明显改变香蕉根际微生物群落结构,可以显著降低变形菌门和子囊菌门相对丰度,显著增加放线菌门等相对丰度,同时显著降低病原菌镰刀菌属相对丰度,并且显著提高部分土壤拮抗菌属的相对丰度,如链霉菌属、红球菌属和曲霉属。因此,石灰碳铵熏蒸有效改善香蕉根际微生物群落结构,有效防控香蕉枯萎病的发生并促进其植株生长。 相似文献
65.
临泽盐碱荒地种植紫花苜蓿的农业技术措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
经过几年的生产实践认为,在草甸盐土和普通盐土呈复区域相邻分布的荒地上,先通过工程措施冲洗淋盐,深沟排水,降低地下水位,使含盐量下降到7%,种植紫花苜蓿时,除遵循其栽培的一般技术措施外,应特别注意精细整地、施有机肥、草种选择、适期播种和增大播量等5个问题。 相似文献
66.
生物菌肥和钾肥配施对苹果钾素吸收及果实品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究生物菌肥和钾肥对苹果果实品质及生长发育的协同作用,以7 a生'瓦里短枝'(Vallee spur Del)为研究对象,设置T1(K2O 420 kg·hm-2)、T2(生物菌肥2520 kg·hm-2)、T3(生物菌肥2520 kg·hm-2+K2O 294 kg·hm-2)、T4(生物菌肥2520 kg·hm... 相似文献
67.
连作对新疆绿洲棉田土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
对新疆绿洲棉田不同连作年限棉花根际土壤微生物数量、酶活性及土壤理化性质进行研究,结果表明:(1)随着连作年限的延长,细菌数量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,真菌数量则一直在增加,放线菌趋势不明显,说明新疆绿洲棉田土壤在连作一定年限后,棉田土壤由细菌型向真菌型转变;(2)脲酶和蛋白酶活性随连作年限增加表现出先增加后减少趋势;蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性与连作年限关系不明显;(3)对微生物数量、土壤酶和土壤理化性质的相关性分析表明,脲酶和蛋白酶与细菌数量呈现良好的正相关性,其中脲酶的相关性最好,呈极显著水平(ρ<0.01),蛋白酶呈显著水平(ρ<0.05);土壤酶与放线菌和真菌之间没有明显的相关性;细菌数量与有机质、全氮和速效氮之间呈显著正相关,与总盐含量呈显著负相关. 相似文献
68.
Hiromitsu Furuya Tsutomu Matsumoto Shin-ichi Fuji Hideki Naito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(2):115-119
Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than
in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding
roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The
results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical
symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could
occur in soils of rice paddy fields.
Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance. 相似文献
69.
以茄子作为砧木,番茄为接穗进行嫁接,并以番茄自根植株和茄子自根植株作为对照,基于传统及现代高通量测序技术分析根际土壤的生物学性状及细菌群落结构特征,旨在揭示嫁接植株抗性增强的机制。结果表明:番茄/茄子嫁接植株根际土壤中可培养细菌、放线菌数量,微生物生物量、酶活性和细菌丰富度、多样性指数均显著高于茄子和番茄自根植株;另一方面,norankcAcidobacteria、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、norankfGemmatimonadaceae、norankoGaiellales、norankfXanthobacteraceae、norankoSC-I-84、norankfAnaerolineaceae、norankfNitrosomonadace... 相似文献
70.