秦岭南坡不同海拔土壤肥力的空间分异规律

对秦岭南坡土壤肥力状况、空间分异规律及其与海拔的关系进行研究.结果表明,秦岭南坡土壤肥力指标在整个土壤剖面空间分异范围分别为:土壤pH值5.97～6.89,有机质含量6.6～50.1 g·kg-1,土壤全N含量0.5～3.8 g·kg-1,碱解N含量33.6～257.3 mg·kg-1,速效P含量0.81～5.8 mg·kg-1,速效K含量38.9～262.4 mg·kg-1,粘粒含量11.3%～18.1%,阳离子代换量68.5～310.2 mmol·kg-1;其空间分异程度以速效P、有机质和土壤全N含量较大,土壤粘粒含量和土壤pH值较小;随着土层的加深,土壤pH值、有机质、速效P、土壤粘粒含量和阳离子代换量空间分异程度减小,而土壤全N、碱解N和速效K含量空间分异程度增大.土壤速效K、速效P含量和阳离子代换量水平空间分异程度受海拔的影响较大,而土壤pH值和粘粒含量水平空间分异程度受海拔影响较小.随着海拔的升高,土壤pH值降低,有机质和速效P、K含量增大,土壤肥力空间分异程度减小,这可能与随着海拔升高人为干扰强度降低及林分类型趋向单一有关.     

黄土丘陵区柠条林改良土壤作用的研究

在野外调查与室内分析的基础上,研究18年生与8年生柠条林对土壤养分、土壤结构性能、土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:灌木林(柠条)可明显提高土壤中有机质、速效氮和速效钾的含量,降低土壤pH和密度;快速显著地增加土体中＞5 mm水稳性团聚体和＞0.01 mm微团粒的数量,使土壤的营养状况及结构得到很大改善,协调供应养分和水分的能力提高;能促进粘粒形成聚积,防止土地退化和保护生态环境.     

不同植物精油对草莓灰霉病菌的体外抑菌效果研究

为筛选出对草莓灰霉病菌具有显著抑菌作用的植物精油,采用熏蒸法,研究茶树精油、牛至精油等6 种植物单方精油及其复配精油对草莓灰霉病菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明：牛至精油的抑菌效果最佳,其次为1-辛烯-3-醇和茶树精油,其抑菌效果明显优于肉桂精油、桉叶精油和茉莉酸甲酯;茶树精油、1-辛烯-3-醇和牛至精油的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为200、100、100 mg/L;茶树精油与牛至精油复配具有协同增效作用,且二者以质量比1∶4 进行熏蒸时,对草莓灰霉病菌的抑制作用最强。综上,牛至精油、1-辛烯-3-醇、茶树精油及茶树精油与牛至精油复配（质量比1∶4）对草莓灰霉病菌的抑菌效果较优。该研究结果可为新型草莓保鲜剂的开发利用提供新的研究思路。     

元谋干热河谷人工林的土壤养分效应及其评价

研究了元谋干热河谷地区人工林对土壤养分的效应,并选择了土壤有机质、全N、速效N、速效P、速效K作为人工林重建对土壤养分效应的指标,运用灰色关联度进行综合评价.结果表明:(1)12年生的桉树、苏门答腊金合欢、新银合欢类人工林土壤表层有机质、全N量其增幅高于10年生、6年生的人工林;除念珠相思林以外,人工林表层土壤有机质含量均高于所在试验点的对照地.混交林对增加土壤表层有机质含量的作用非常明显,其改良能力优于纯林;人工林土壤表层全N含量均低于1.0 g·kg-1;(2)速效N的变化规律与全N含量基本一致,速效P含量波动较大,土壤速效K含量比较丰富,pH值的范围在4.44～6.42之间;(3)灰色关联度分析的结果为赤桉 苏门答腊金合欢混交林对土壤养分的影响相对较大,其关联系数为0.651,影响最小的为念珠相思纯林,关联度系数为0.343.     

黄芪多糖的超声波-闪式协同提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以黄芪为原料,采用超声波-闪式协同提取黄芪多糖。以黄芪多糖得率为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳提取工艺。结果表明,超声波提取最佳工艺条件为：料液比1∶30（g/mL）,超声温度70 ℃,超声时间40 min,超声波功率500 W,在此条件下,黄芪多糖得率为7.11%;在对超声波提取工艺优化的基础上,协同闪式提取,最佳闪式提取工艺参数为：提取次数3 次,闪提时间100 s,提取电压160 V,在此条件下,黄芪多糖得率为11.03%;体外抗氧化活性试验结果表明：当黄芪多糖质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL 时,其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基和2,2-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基的清除率分别为66.27%和58.27%。本研究获得了黄芪多糖的最佳提取方法,得到的黄芪多糖具有较强的抗氧化作用。该方法可为黄芪多糖的提取及开发应用提供参考。     

The effects of creep feed composition and form and nursery diet complexity on small intestinal morphology and jejunal mucosa-specific enzyme activities after weaning in pigs

Fifty-six litters from first-parity sows standardized to 12 piglets were used to determine the effects of creep feed composition and form and the provision of low- or high-complexity nursery diets on the evolution of small intestinal histomorphology and jejunal mucosa-specific enzyme activities postweaning. At 5 d of age, litters (initial bodyweight [BW] 2.31 ± 0.61 kg) were assigned to one of four creep feeding regimens (n = 14): 1) commercial creep feed (COM), 2) liquid milk replacer (LMR), 3) pelleted milk replacer (PMR), or 4) no creep feed (NO). At weaning (21 d of age), six pigs per litter were provided a HIGH- (contained highly digestible animal proteins) or LOW- (contained corn and soybean meal as main protein sources) complexity nursery diet (n = 7). At 21, 28, and 59 d of age, two pigs per pen (one castrated male and one female) were euthanized, and ileal and jejunal segments for histomorphological measurements and jejunal mucosal scrapings were collected to determine specific mucosa enzyme activities. At weaning, pigs provided COM had a greater ileal absorptive capacity (M) than LMR or NO, which were not different (14.1 vs. 10.4 and 10.5 ± 0.9 μm²; P < 0.05); PMR was intermediate. On days 28 and 59, M was not different among pigs regardless of creep feed treatments. Pigs fed LOW had reduced jejunal villus height (VH; P < 0.001) and M (P < 0.001) on day 28 vs. day 21. The VH and M were not different for pigs fed HIGH or LOW by the end of the nursery period. For all dietary treatments except COM-HIGH and COM-LOW, jejunal mucosal maltase-specific activity was not different between days 21 and 28 of age but greater on day 59 (P < 0.05). For pigs that received COM-HIGH, maltase-specific activity was not different between days 21 and 28 but greater on day 59 than day 28 (P < 0.05). For pigs that received COM-LOW, maltase-specific activity was not different between days 21, 28, and 59. Regardless of creep or nursery treatment, sucrase-specific activity was the greatest on day 59, followed by days 21 and 28 (P < 0.001), and lactase-specific activity was greater on day 21 than on days 28 and 59 (P < 0.001), which were not different. Therefore, pigs that provided LOW diet had greater villus atrophy and reduced M during the first week after weaning vs. pigs that provided HIGH, regardless of creep feeding regimen, but were able to recover by the end of the nursery period.     

宁波苦丁有效成分提取方法的比较及其抗氧化活性的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SDE)、乙醇法(EE)、超声波法(UWE)、微波法(MAE)和超临界CO2萃取法(SCDE)提取宁波苦丁有效成分,得率分别为:0.048%、0.011%、0.631%、0.522%和0.935%,毛细管GC-MS法分别鉴定出10、9、12、9和20种成分,体外抗氧化活性测试均显示了抗氧化结果,活性强度依次为:超临界CO2萃取法＞超声波法＞水蒸气蒸馏法＞乙醇法＞微波法.     

宁南山区旱地紫花苜蓿土壤水分及产量动态研究

对宁南山区旱地紫花苜蓿土壤水分及产量动态进行了研究。结果表明,随苜蓿草龄的延长,土壤深层水分亏缺严重草地底层与中层对表层水分具有明显的补偿作用;伏秋降对水冬前土壤蓄水亦有重要作用;产量随草延长呈中间高两头低的态热,６－８年以后草地须及时更新。     

抗菌肽对抗生素耐药菌株的抑菌活性研究

[目的]研究抗菌肽对抗生素耐药菌株的抑菌活性。[方法]利用抗性平板划线法从腹泻病牛血便中筛选分离出1株耐药菌,通过16S rDNA序列进行鉴定,采用琼脂孔穴扩散法通过梯度盐酸壮观霉素（spectinomycin,Spe⁺）、氨苄青霉素（ampicillin,Amp⁺）、硫酸卡那霉素（kanamycin,Kan⁺）和氯霉素（chloramphenicol,Cm⁺）试验确定该菌药敏特性,并利用1种抗菌肽制剂对该菌株进行药敏试验。[结果]经BLAST比对分析该菌16S rDNA序列,鉴定该耐药菌为科氏葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus cohnii）,此菌对Amp⁺敏感,但对试验中其他抗生素均有耐药性,各梯度抗菌肽对该耐药菌均具有明显的抑菌活性。[结论]抗菌肽能有效抑制耐药科氏葡萄球菌的生长,有望在畜牧生产中代替抗生素使用。     

当归药材与土壤中无机元素及其指标性成分相关性分析

目的：研究当归与种植土壤中无机元素及其指标性成分间的相关性,为当归微量无机施肥和种植土地选择提供参考。方法：收集40份不同样地当归药材样本及相应土壤样本,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉含量,采用原子荧光法测定汞、砷含量,采用原子火焰分光光度法测定铜含量,其余元素均采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定,应用HPLC法测定藁本内酯、阿魏酸含量,数据采用SPSS11.5软件进行多元统计分析。结果：当归药材中砷（As）元素与其藁苯内酯、阿魏酸含量显著相关,相关系数分别为0.333、0.246;当归药材中Cu、K、Mn、Pb与土壤中Cu、K、Mn、Pb含量显著相关,相关系数分别为0.596、0.812、-0.720、0.735,表明当归中Cu、K、Pb的含量随栽培土壤中含量的增高而增高,Mn在土壤中不易被当归吸收。结论：当归对Pb、Cu元素可过度吸收,应选择Pb、Cu含量较低的土地栽培当归,否则富含这两种金属的土地可导致生产药材中这两种金属元素含量超标;药材因与土壤中Mn元素含量呈负相关,对于当归生长需要的微量元素Mn,应采用叶面施肥,不宜在根部施用;砷元素与提高当归品质的相关性需田间施肥实验进一步证明。