黄土高原油松纯林腐殖层土壤对10种植物的化感效应

采集黄土高原丘陵区和残塬区典型油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）纯林和荒地腐殖层土壤对10种常见植物进行盆栽试验,跟踪测定植物种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理活性等指标。结果表明：丘陵区油松纯林土壤显著抑制苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）种子萌发,显著降低紫穗槐（Amorpha fraticosa）、苜蓿和毛苕子（Vicia villosa）的苗高、根长和生物量生长,以及紫穗槐和草木樨的叶片叶绿素含量、 过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,且显著提高刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）、胡枝子（Leapedeza bicolor）、毛苕子和沙打旺（Astragalus adsurgens）叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量。残塬区油松纯林土壤显著抑制沙棘和苜蓿种子萌发,以及胡枝子、小冠花（Coronilla varia）和苜蓿的苗高和生物量生长,降低了草木樨、苜蓿的叶绿素含量和柠条（Caragana korshinskii）、草木樨的CAT活性,显著提高柠条、紫穗槐、小冠花和毛苕子的MDA含量。表明黄土丘陵区油松纯林腐殖层土壤对紫穗槐、苜蓿、草木樨、毛苕子、刺槐和沙打旺以及黄土残塬区油松纯林腐殖层土壤对沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）、苜蓿、和沙打旺综合表现为化感抑制作用。     

Effect of Enterococcus faecium AL41 and Thymus vulgaris essential oil on small intestine integrity and antioxidative status of laying hens

We investigated the effect of Enterococcus faecium on phagocytic activity, antioxidative status in vivo and the effect of E. faecium and 0.4% concentration of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (EO) on the duodenal tissue integrity in vitro in laying hens. The birds were fed the same standard diets and were divided into four groups. E. faecium was added to the drinking water for the second and fourth groups. EO was added to special chambers for measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) for the third and fourth groups only. TEER was lower in groups where EO was added, but in the group with E. faecium TEER was not changed significantly. Our results show that EO at 0.4% concentration may negatively affect intestine integrity, and the probiotic strain E. faecium AL41 is able to eliminate this effect and can strengthen non-specific immunity. To confirm our findings further histopathological investigations of intestinal tissue are needed.     

甘谷县生态环境建设综合治理项目效益评价

根据甘谷县生态环境建设综合治理项目区生态系统各组成要素的特点，运用效益指标体系，对该项目的生态、经济和社会效益进行了综合评价。结果表明：经过综合治理，项目区水土流失治理率达31．16％，林草覆盖度由14．81％提高到17．06％，年拦水212．73万m^3，拦泥105．04万m^3，保护植被1904．01hm^3，增加灌溉面积448．00hm^2，使土地利用率提高了37．40％，粮食产量提高了6．73％，人均收入由982．00元提高到1183．36元，年产值达3.60万元／hm^2，投入产出比达1：1．14，利润率为48．49％，生态、经济和社会效益显著。     

铜污染土壤中不同多年生黑麦草品种富集效应的评价

采用盆栽试验,测定10个多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)品种在不同浓度铜污染土壤中的干生物量,以及植株根部、茎秆和叶片3个不同部位中的铜富集量,以期为铜污染土壤的恢复治理提供参考依据。结果表明:试验条件下,多年生黑麦草根部、茎秆和叶片3个不同部位中铜富集量随着土壤中Cu2+浓度的升高而升高;多年生黑麦草5(Harukaze)的铜富集能力较强,多年生黑麦草7和9的铜富集能力较差,其他介于两者之间。在铜胁迫下,多年生黑麦草根部是主要的铜富集器官,其次为茎秆,最后是叶片。采用隶属函数法铜富集特性进行综合评价,黑麦草5(Harukaze)具有较好铜富集能力,可优先考虑。     

江河源区不同建植期人工草地土壤养分及微生物量磷和磷酸酶活性研究

研究了"黑土滩"退化草地上建植的2,4和6龄垂穗披碱草人工草地土壤养分、微生物量磷、中性磷酸酶活性变化以及它们之间的相互关系。结果表明,随建植期的增加,土壤pH值呈现先降低后升高的趋势,人工4龄草地土壤pH值最低,人工6龄草地最高。从时间尺度看,人工2龄草地土壤养分含量、土壤微生物量磷含量和土壤中性磷酸酶活性较"黑土滩"退化草地明显升高,随着建植期的增加,人工4龄草地各测定指标明显下降,而人工6龄草地各测定指标再次升高。4种草地土壤养分含量、微生物量磷含量和中性磷酸酶活性在土壤剖面中均呈现随土壤深度的增加而递减的趋势。相关分析结果表明,土壤微生物量磷与有机碳、全氮、速效氮和速效钾含量之间呈极显著正相关关系,与全磷含量间呈显著正相关关系;土壤中性磷酸酶活性与大多数土壤养分呈显著或极显著正相关关系,其中与土壤有机碳的相关系数最大;土壤微生物量磷与中性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关关系。     

冷季寒牧系列紫花苜蓿根系内电导率测定

采集青海大学农牧学院试验基地寒牧系列紫花苜蓿12个不同品系作材料,在青海大学试验基地内进行田间观测并结合实验室对其电导率进行了测定,以此为依据鉴定其抗寒性的强弱。试验结果表明,紫花苜蓿根系内电解质渗透率最大的是寒牧11号品系(78.8%),最小的是寒牧5号品系(51.8%);在所测的材料中抗寒性最强的是寒牧5号品系。     

Hydrogen peroxide produced by a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk with high electrical conductivity in dairy cows

In dairy cows, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) produced from a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk from inflamed quarters was lower than that in milk from un‐inflamed quarters. In milk of delivery grade, characteristics of H₂O₂ production in milk with high electrical conductivity (EC) were examined in this study. Milk samples were collected from a total of 230 cows at 1‐month intervals, and the EC of skimmed milk was determined. Based on the highest and the lowest EC of a cow's quarter milk, the inter‐quarter difference of ≥0.6 mS/cm (mean + t_0.01 SE) was taken as a high EC. Milk with high EC was found in 52 quarters. In cows with milk of high EC, H₂O₂ production in milk with normal EC was higher than that in milk with high EC in the same animal but was lower than that in the control population. In milk with high EC, the decrease of H₂O₂ production correlated with the increase in EC. The production of H₂O₂ decreased in particular when the inter‐quarter difference exceeded 0.8 mS/cm. In milk collected from the same quarter 1 month before, EC changed from normal to high, and H₂O₂ production decreased. In milk from the other three quarters, EC remained normal and H₂O₂ production remained unchanged. We concluded that milk with high EC appeared in low H₂O₂‐producing cows. The results suggest that the degree of decrease in H₂O₂ production reflects the extent of quarter abnormality.     

星星草对碱化土壤物理性质的影响

研究不同生长年限的星星草对碱化土壤及对应碱斑土壤的机械组成、土壤孔隙度、容重和含水量的影响。结果表明,星星草生长1、2和3年后,粘粒和细砂所占比例减小,而粗粉和细粉所占比例增大。土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度随着生长年数的增加呈不同程度的增加,而土壤容重则越来越小,>0.25mm的水稳定性团聚体随之增加。星星草地土壤含水量和田间持水量均高于碱斑土壤。星星草改善了碱化土壤结构、通透性、保水性和土壤物理环境。     

黄顶菊入侵对不同地区土壤氮循环及微生物量的影响

外来入侵植物对入侵地土壤生态系统的影响日益受到生态学家的关注。本文选取天津静海、河北献县及河北衡水湖3个黄顶菊入侵样地,研究黄顶菊入侵对不同地区土壤养分、酶活性及土壤微生物量的影响。结果表明,与未入侵地土壤(CK)相比,黄顶菊入侵明显地改变了3个地区的土壤理化性质且存在地区差异,静海和献县入侵地全氮升高,衡水湖则下降;静海和衡水湖土壤硝态氮下降,而献县上升,土壤氨氧化潜势的变化趋势与硝态氮的变化趋势一致。土壤氮循环相关酶活性也表现出明显的地区特异性。同时,黄顶菊入侵静海、献县和衡水湖3个地区样地中的微生物量碳分别比CK提高27.05%,57.62%和40.31%;静海和献县入侵地的微生物量氮分别比CK高37.40%,106.48%,差异显著。黄顶菊入侵对土壤氮素养分、氮相关酶活性及微生物量影响的地区差异可能与入侵地被入侵前养分含量有关,表现出使土壤养分状况均一化趋势。对于黄顶菊防控策略的制定要根据各地区情况因地制宜。     

盐渍化土壤改良措施的作物生产效应

河西灌溉农业区的土壤盐分随水而迁移到低洼地聚集,导致土壤呈盐渍化而不宜种植牧草作物等。为修复这一土地资源,在土壤（0～10 cm）含盐量为18%～42%的土地上开挖排盐沟洗盐后种植牧草和农作物,研究其生产能力。结果表明：在排盐沟间距240 m地段种植的紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa比同等条件下种植的啤酒大麦Hordeum vulgare的生物量高0.53倍,蛋白质产量高3.57倍;比在排盐沟间距350 m地段种植的啤酒大麦生物量和蛋白质产量分别高1.38倍和5.60倍;比未改良地段（天然草地）相应高4.82倍和16.31倍。改良盐渍化草地、种植紫花苜蓿生产不仅为动物带来了营养丰富的食物,而且作为极有价值的草产品资源纳入了干草销售体系。此外,还使原本退化严重的天然草地,变成了高产、稳产的紫花苜蓿栽培草地,对恢复草地生态具有极其重要的推广意义。