高师历史专业学生职业技能训练的实践探索

新一轮基础教育课程改革,对教师职业素质与能力提出了新的要求.改革与探索高等师范院校历史专业对学生进行教师职业技能训练的方法,构建有效的教学技能训练模式,提高毕业生从业能力,是历史教育学课程教学与研究的一项重要任务.为了完成这一任务,必须努力做好历史教师职业技能训练的设计工作,重视训练过程,并了解职业技能训练的作用、意义.     

T lymphocyte responses during early enteric Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in cattle

Johne's disease (JD) is a costly intestinal disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), which is transmitted to perinatal calves by the fecal-oral route. Disease control efforts focus on identification and culling of infected cattle from herds; therefore failure to identify animals early is a major obstacle to reducing transmission. Development of host immunity during early JD remain incompletely characterized so detecting subclinical JD using immunologic techniques is a substantial challenge in the field. Development of a test with high sensitivity and specificity is a major research goal with significant implications for the cattle industry. The objectives of this study were to compare early Map-specific T lymphocyte responses in naive, experimentally Map infected and Map vaccinated calves using a subcutaneous matrigel biopolymer-based assay. We examined the phenotype of recruited lymphocytes and local interferon gamma (IFNγ) production within subcutaneously placed matrigel containing Map antigen 30 days after experimentally induced intestinal Map infection or Map vaccination. We show that IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells are recruited to matrigel sites in vaccinated but not infected or naïve calves. γδ T cells recruited to matrigel sites of Map-infected calves were mostly WC1-, while γδ T cells recruited to matrigel sites of Map-vaccinated calves were predominantly WC1+. IFNγ at matrigel sites was a discriminating factor between infected calves, naïve calves and vaccinated calves. These data contribute to our understanding of early anti-Map immunity, and may be useful for detecting early intestinal Map infections in calves or for enhancing our ability to discriminate between Map-infected and Map-vaccinated calves.     

江苏如东沿海发现黑嘴鸥新繁殖地

2013年5月22日,南通博物苑鸟类调查组在南黄海边的如东洋口发现一处黑嘴鸥（Larzus saundersi）繁殖地。该繁殖地位于如东大、小洋口之间新围垦的海堤内侧（E121°06’,N32°28’）,面积约10000m2。黑嘴鸥营巢于碱蓬（Suaeda gauca）地上,与普通燕鸥（Sternahirundo）、白额燕鸥（Sternaalbifrons）、红脚鹬（Tringatotanus）、环颈鹆（Charadriusalexandrinus）等混群营巢。采用直接计数法统计繁殖区内所见黑嘴鸥的数量在500只以上。应迅速建立保护区以切实保护好这一濒危鸟类及其新繁殖地。     

内毒素血症对大鼠肠黏膜杯状细胞的影响

本研究选用39只140~150g SPF级SD大鼠作为动物内毒素血症模型,运用组织学常规HE染色和PAS染色技术,采取定性、定位和定量相结合的方法,通过观察不同试验组大鼠肠黏膜杯状细胞(GC)的数量和分布的动态变化来探讨内毒素(ET)对肠道黏膜免疫系统的影响。结果表明,ET能够破坏肠道黏膜的正常结构,影响肠黏膜的正常功能,同时能够在不同程度上降低GC数量,从而破坏肠道黏膜免疫系统。     

西林水牛群体的RAPD遗传多样性分析

【目的】了解西林水牛群体的遗传变异和遗传结构,为其辅助标记育种、遗传资源保护及利用提供参考依据。【方法】从广西西林县的8个乡（镇）采集184份西林水牛血样,采用优化后的RAPD技术检测其多态性DNA,统计多态性条带数,并应用Popgene32软件对西林水牛群体的有效等位基因数、Nei氏基因多样性指数及Shannon多样性指数进行分析。【结果】从18条RAPD引物中筛选出8条扩增产物稳定、条带清晰可辨的引物,扩增出的DNA片段分子量为100-1000 bp;从184个样本中共扩增出4968个多态性条带,平均每条引物可扩增出621个多态性条带,多态性频率达60.0%-100.0%,平均为89.7%。西林水牛群体的平均有效等位基因数为1.6745,平均Nei氏基因多样度指数为0.3583,平均Shannon多样性指数为0.5510。【结论】西林水牛群体的遗传变异、遗传分化及遗传多样性均较高,但选育程度较低,育种潜力较大,有待进一步保种和开发利用。     

海南坡鹿一般临床性检查及防治对策

掌握海南坡鹿一般临床性检查,是开展疾病防治诊断的重要前提工作,只有掌握了临床检查,才能准确的了解坡鹿的健康状况。根据多年的实践经验与观察,该文阐述了海南坡鹿一般临床性检查:体温的检查;呼吸频率的检查;采食与反刍的检查;胃肠道的检查;心搏频率的检查;排粪及粪便检查;排尿及尿液的检查。不同年龄、性别的坡鹿个体各种指标的检查结果有所差异;坡鹿在静止或者是运动状态下各种指标的检查结果也不相同。文章提出了相应的临床性检查与保护建议。     

河南省烟叶生产基础设施建设研究

分析了河南省烟田生产基础设施建设现状,对比2005~2015年生产基础设施两个五年规划的变化情况,剖析了河南省烟田基础设施建设项目资金来源及结构,最后根据目前生产基础设施建设项目的总体规划、资金渠道、项目管理三个方面存在的问题提出了相应的建议及改进措施。     

苎麻对重金属复合污染土壤的修复效率研究

通过盆栽试验模拟了砷(As)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)复合污染环境,并研究了复合污染环境下不同As浓度对苎麻生长及其重金属在植株体内吸收、富集和迁移的影响。结果表明,在复合污染情况下,低浓度(≤100 mg/kg)的As对苎麻生长没有显著影响,而高浓度的As可使苎麻植株变矮、叶片易损、分蘖数及生物量减少,但仍能完成正常生理周期并且无严重毒害症状出现。由此表明,苎麻对As/Pb/Zn复合污染土壤具有一定的耐受性。且在试验条件下,苎麻植株对As、Pb、Zn的转运系数分别在0.11~2.43、0.11~1.03和0.59~1.66之间,苎麻地上部对As、Pb、Zn的富集系数分别在0.01~0.45、0.01~0.12和0.17~1.48之间,表明苎麻可作为As、Pb、Zn单一或复合污染土壤修复的植物。     

海洋沉积物中重金属含量测定样品前处理方法研究

采用正交设计试验法对测定海洋沉积物中重金属含量的样品前处理方法进行了比较研究。结果表明。在王水、氢氟酸、高氯酸消解体系下，采用微波消解一原子吸收分光光度法测定重金属含量，省时，试剂用量少，结果准确，重现性好。     

The effects of hypoxia,in vivo,on red blood cell β-adrenoceptors in the rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to 48h of environmental hypoxia (water partial pressure of oxygen = 8.0 kPa) at either 5 or 15°C. Blood was sampled during hypoxia via a dorsal aorta cannula to measure arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen and plasma catecholamine concentrations. After 48h, the number (B_max) and dissociation constant (K_d) of red blood cell surface -adrenoceptors were determined using a radioligand-displacement binding assay. At 5°C, plasma catecholamine levels were elevated at 24h whereas at 15°C, levels were elevated at 48h. At either temperature, following 48h of hypoxia, there was no change in B_max or K_d of red blood cell surface -adrenoceptors, compared to normoxic control fish. This study demonstrates that chronic exposure to moderate hypoxia does not affect the number or affinity of cell surface -adrenoceptors on trout red blood cells.