桤木采穗圃无性系管理技术研究

研究表明:桤木无性系植株嫩枝总芽数主要取决于树龄和无性系遗传特性,同时与无性系植株定干高度、修枝、施肥等密切相关。在桤木无性系采穗圃中,无性系植株定干高度以90 cm为宜,无性系植株枝条宜进行轻短截,并加强施肥管理,既可提高嫩枝总芽数,又能扩大树冠,增强树势,提高采穗圃穗条的产量和质量。     

断根结合生长素和钾肥施用对烤烟生长及糖碱比、有机钾指数的影响

河南济源烟区存在着烟叶糖碱比高、有机钾指数较低的生产现状,通过田间试验研究了打顶时断根(C)、打顶时断根结合喷施IAA(C+I)、打顶时断根结合追施钾肥(C+K)、打顶时断根结合喷施IAA并追施钾肥(C+K+I)和对照(CK)5种处理对烤烟生物量及糖碱比、有机钾指数的影响。结果表明:不同调控措施在烟株成熟期较对照均能增加根部、叶片的干重,减少烟碱、总糖在中上部烟叶的累积。断根结合喷施IAA能降低各部位烟叶的糖碱比,且以C+K+I处理的降幅最大,在下、中、上叶位中较对照分别降低了19.12%、15.33%和8.15%。与对照相比,各处理均能提高不同部位烟叶K⁺含量,降低Cl^-和SO₄^2-含量。C+K+I处理能极显著提高各部位烟叶的有机钾指数,且在中上部烟叶中增幅最大,较对照分别提高了125.00%和209.43%。总的看来,打顶时断根结合喷施IAA并追施钾肥能促进烟叶中的干物质积累、降低糖碱比、提高有机钾指数,进而提高烟叶的内在品质。     

两种不同浓度的生根粉对省沽油硬枝扦插育苗效果的研究

[目的]探索激素种类、不同浓度等因素对省沽油扦插育苗效果的影响。[方法]利用生根粉1号、2号的不同浓度（ABT,：50、100、200mg／L;ABT：：50、100,200mg／L对省沽油硬枝扦插生根等方面进行研究。[结果]通过对成苗数、生根数及根长等指标进行调查和分析,结果表明用200mg／L的ABT。处理12h,并以纯菜园土为基质进行扦插育苗效果最好。[结论]该试验处理所得的成苗率只有17．7％～42．3％。要想获得大面积育苗成功还有待于进一步研究。     

昆明地区大树移植技术探讨与分析

随着昆明地区城市建设的快速发展,城市绿化规模日益扩大,大树移植被越来越多地应用到城市绿化中.为了提高大树移植后的成活率,该文探索和分析了大树移植各个环节的技术要点,以期为城市绿化中大树移植提供参考.     

9SJP-20型秸秆揉切挤压机的研制

为了解决秸秆中粗纤维难以消化吸收的问题,研制了9SJP-20型秸秆揉切挤压机,在分析其结构、工作原理和计算主要技术参数的基础上,完成了样机的设计工作。样机性能试验表明:该机工作性能稳定,揉切效果良好,并有一定的膨化作用,改善了秸秆的适口性,提高了反刍动物的消化率。     

楸树嫩枝扦插繁育试验

[目的]为促进楸树的开发与推广提供依据。[方法]利用激素种类、扦插基质、激素浓度、处理时间4个因素进行楸树嫩枝扦插育苗试验,探讨影响楸树生根的主要因子。[结果]以珍珠岩作扦插基质生根最好,生根率达17.77%;ABT1号生根粉500 mg/kg处理生根效果较佳,生根率达11.93%;处理时间以120 min为好,生根率达14.17%。扦插基质对生根的影响最大,其次是处理时间与激素浓度。3种激素各浓度处理平均生根率由高到低依次是:IBA>ABT1号生根粉>NAA,随着浓度的增加,生根率降低。ABT1号生根粉、500 mg/kgIBA处理楸树插穗2 h,生根率分别比对照增加82.6%、87.4%。[结论]用珍珠岩作扦插基质,500 mg/kg ABT1号生根粉处理2 h,楸树嫩枝扦插生根效果最好,生根率达30.8%。     

三聚氰胺脲醛树脂改性对针叶材和阔叶材性能的影响

用不同摩尔比三聚氰胺脲醛树脂(MUF)处理阔叶材和针叶材,对其物理力学性能和耐腐蚀性进行比较研究.结果 表明,MUF改性木材效果与木材本身结构和树种有关,结构疏松、孔隙大的木材,MUF改性效果好.改性后木材微观结构受到破坏,导致杨木和杉木体积收缩(ASE值为负).改性后松木、杉木、桉木和椎木的顺纹抗压强度(CS)分别提高了66.33％、43.18％、32.67％和13.28％,但处理材抗弯强度(MOR)降低.MUF改善了阔叶材的耐腐蚀性,处理后的木材甲醛释放量均小于0.26 mg·L-1.     

植物生长调节剂与插条类型对西番莲扦插生根的影响

采用西番莲当年生带顶芽幼茎、枝条中部嫩茎和基部成熟节半木质化茎段为插条,用不同浓度的IBA、NAA和IBA+NAA处理,进行扦插试验,结果表明:当年生半木质化的硬枝茎段进行扦插,有利于促进生根;IBA、NAA均可提高一年生插条的生根率,增加生根数,尤其以IBA+NAA混合处理诱导生根效应最好。     

基于Landsat TM影像的半干旱牧区天然打草场面积的遥感监测

天然打草场是中国草地畜牧业的物质基础,也是中国内陆的生态屏障。目前中国打草场分布状况、分布面积、产量高低等信息十分缺乏,严重制约饲草储备和救灾应急功能发挥。为解决这些问题,该文基于2009－2011年的Landsat TM5影像数据,并借助野外调查点和目视解译方法对中国半干旱牧区天然打草场状况进行监测分析。结果表明,中国半干旱牧区天然打草场面积达800.35万hm2,目视解译结果的平均解译精度达到76.78%。其中,内蒙古天然打草场面积居首位,面积为688.04万hm2,其次是松嫩平原草原区,打草场面积为91.80万hm2,河北半干旱农牧交错区的打草场面积最小,为20.51万hm2。在内蒙古,呼伦贝尔草甸草原天然打草场约为180.89万hm2,科尔沁沙化草原天然打草场约为96.44万hm2,锡林郭勒典型草原天然打草场面积约为395.40万hm2。研究区天然打草场的植被类型以温性草原类、温性草甸类、低地草甸类为主,少量分布在山地草甸类和温性荒漠草原类。该研究结果可为进一步分析全国半干旱区域打草场变化提供数据支撑。     

Effects of rake angle of chisel plough on soil cutting factors and power requirements: A computer simulation

A computer simulation was conducted to predict the effects of rake angle of a chisel plough and soil bulk density on angle of soil failure plane, rupture distance, width of side crescent, frictional, overburden, cohesion and adhesion soil cutting factors, draft forces and drawbar power requirements. The experimental work was carried out in two locations. Soil of the first location was sandy clay with the soil bulk densities of 1.75 and 1.70 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 30° and a surface friction angle of 20°, cohesion of 2.5 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.2 kN/m². Soil of the second location was clay loam with the soil bulk densities of 1.65 and 1.50 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 34° and a surface friction angle of 23°, cohesion of 2.4 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.14 kN/m². The prediction showed that the angle of failure plane found to decrease with the rake angle. The rupture distance decreased with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then increased as the rake angle increased over 55°. The width of the side crescent increased as the rake angle increased and the maximum value and the minimum value were recorded at 75° and at 15°. Values of frictional and overburden factors decreased as rake angle increased. The maximum and minimum values were recorded at 15° and 75°, respectively. The values of cohesion factor increased as rake angle increased. The maximum value was recorded at rake angle of 75° and the minimum value was recorded at rake angle of 15°. Adhesion factor was found to change inversely with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then to change directly with the rake angle over 55°. The draft force decreased with the rake angle and reached its minimum value at 45° rake angle. Over 45°, the draft force increased and reached its maximum value at 75° rake angle. The draft increased with soil bulk density. The power required for moving the plough recorded the maximum value at rake angle of 15°, while the minimum value was recorded at 55° rake angle. The values of power increased with decrease of soil bulk density. The predicted values demonstrated some deviations from the experimental values of the draft force and the drawbar power.