Impact of spent coffee grounds as organic amendment on soil fertility and lettuce growth in two Mediterranean agricultural soils

The use of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as organic amendment is a triple solution: a reuse of this bio-residue (6 millions of tons per year), an increase in soil organic carbon (SCG contain 82% of carbohydrates and 13% of proteins) and a decrease in CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, we investigate the effect of SCG on soil and plants in an in vitro assay. The variables considered were SCG dose (2.5 and 10%), two agricultural soils (Calcisol and Luvisol), and four cultivation times (15, 30, 45 and 60 days). The chemical and physicochemical soil properties, SEM images and growth parameters were analyzed. The highest dose of SCG increased organic carbon, total N and available K and P by 286%, 188%, 45%, and 9%, respectively, while decreasing lettuce growth by 233% compared to control. The SEM study revealed that SCG particles are incorporated into soil aggregates and microorganisms grow over them, which is also corroborated by a 10-times increase of soil respiration rate. The behavior of both soils differs for some SCG effects. In conclusion, SCG have a great potential to increase soil fertility and further investigations are needed in order to improve the use of SCG as amendment.     

BUFR版台站地面综合观测业务软件应用

随着气象现代化的推进,新型自动站和业务软件的全面启用减轻了气象测报人员的巨大压力。结合工作实际,介绍了台站现用的BUFR版台站地面综合观测业务软件(ISOS)在软件安装、业务应用、问题处理和应急保障等方面的应用技巧和注意事项。     

利用先进知识服务工具助推图书馆服务转型研究

2016年—2010年是高校图书馆发展面临的重要转型期,面临环境变化和角色转变,高校图书馆的用户培训工作有了新的使命和要求。从先进知识服务工具培训的角度入手,对C9高校图书馆的培训工作进行了网络调研,通过分析得出结论：先进知识服务工具培训立足科研范式变革的新内涵,变革传统的内容和形式,适应知识生产模式转型的新趋势,围绕科研范式转变和用户信息行为变化两个维度,对图书馆服务转型有起重要的需求引领和创新驱动作用。     

PCR引物设计方法综述

为了获得PCR引物设计的理想方法,笔者运用NCBI等数据库与引物设计软件Primer Premier 5.0等工具,结合引物设计的原则,完成目的基因的引物设计,并对设计后的引物进行BLAST比对、综合评价和基因的重新检测等分析,据此对PCR反应条件进行优化研究。结果表明,通过这些数据库和软件所设计的引物能基本满足后续的RT-PCR反应,可以进行进一步的分子生物学研究。     

地产玉米二次利用制作纤维饼干的工艺研究

研究采用L9(34)正交试验法和感官评定法研究了玉米纤维添加量、油脂添加量、疏松剂添加量等对纤维饼干品质的影响。结果表明,最佳饼干品质的工艺条件为:面粉100%,玉米纤维10.0%,精炼植物油11.0%,疏松剂1.2%,白砂糖15.0%,小苏打0.9%,碳酸氢铵0.3%,食盐0.4%。     

基于分布式数据入侵检测模型研究

在数据挖掘技术应用于入侵检测的研究中,分布式环境下的全局频繁项目集的更新算法尚不多见。为改善入侵数据增加后,更新算法的效率问题,提出一种基于分布式入侵检测的关联规则快速更新算法TDUA(Trivial Distributed Update of Association rules)。算法引入强频繁项目集概念,有效地修剪候选项目集数目,采用共享模式的体系结构,具有通信代价较小,挖掘效率较高的特点。并从理论与实验两个方面验证了算法适应在高速大流量的分布式网络环境下快速准确地建立入侵检测模型。     

辣椒栽培有机基质在蔬菜育苗中的二次利用初探

以栽培一茬辣椒的2个优势基质配方T1[V(玉米芯)∶V(河沙)∶V(牛粪)=4∶1∶1]、T2[V(玉米芯)∶V(玉米秸秆)∶V(河沙)∶V(牛粪)=3∶1∶1∶1]和CK2[V(玉米芯)∶V(泥炭)∶V(玉米秸秆)∶V(牛粪)=1∶1∶1∶1]为对象,以新配常用育苗基质CK1[V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)=1∶1]为对照,比较了以玉米芯为主的有机基质在3种蔬菜育苗中重复利用的效果。结果表明,4种基质的体积质量、总孔隙度、EC值、pH均在适宜范围,只有吸水量偏低,育苗时应加强水分管理。播种7 d后3种蔬菜的出苗率均达最高,以T2基质的出苗率最高;3种蔬菜在各基质上均生长良好,且T1、T2和CK2的株高、茎粗及叶面积均大于CK1。说明栽培一茬辣椒后的混合农作物生物质基质可以在蔬菜育苗中重复利用,且效果显著优于以泥炭为主成分的鲜配育苗基质。     

用SAS软件进行组内有重复的两向分组资料的方差分析

两向分组资料的方差分析分为组内只有单个观察值和组内有重复的2种两向分组资料的方差分析,利用SAS软件进行组内有重复观察值的两向分组资料的方差分析简单方便。以实例阐述了用SAS软件进行组内有重复观察值的两向分组资料的方差分析的方法。     

发展农田秸秆菌业的技术集成与资源循环利用管理对策

本文分析了我国草生菌业的生产实际, 深入探讨了农田秸秆菌业循环生产体系的主要环节和优化构建, 并详细阐述了各个环节的管理对策.通过对秸秆堆制发酵、优质高产栽培管理、菌渣循环利用和环境生态监测等关键环节的有效链接与整合优化, 建立"稻草(秸秆)-食用菌-菌渣-农田(园地)再循环-资源再利用"的农田秸秆菌业循环生产新体系的运作模式, 并展望了农田秸秆菌业的推广和开发前景.     

The wheat stem rust pathogen in the central region of the Russian Federation

A total of 387 isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) collected in the central region of the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2009 was analysed with North American differential sets comprising 16 genotypes for samples of 2000–2006 and 20 genotypes for samples from 2007–2009. Forty‐five races were identified. The race composition of the local population underwent changes during this period. Race MKBT was the predominant race in the earlier years, but TKNT and TKNTF were in the majority later. During 2000–2009 there were no stem rust epidemics in the region. It was assumed that the local pathogen population cycled on wild grasses (including Elytrigia, Agropyron, Festuca, Dactylis, Phleum and Lolium spp.) and not only on wheat. The existence of host communities of wheat stem rust was supported by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers produced with high‐GC primers. The local population of Pgt was considered to be sexual based on the relatively high diversity of races isolated from various hosts and the absence of correlation between virulence attributes and molecular markers.