硫代硫酸钠标准溶液浓度不稳定现象初探

溶液的酸度、二氧化碳、空气、微生物、光照及人为和环境等因素对硫代硫酸钠标准溶液浓度的稳定性有很大的影响,继而造成氮肥生产中有关碘量分析法的误差,通过控制溶液的pH值,防止二氧化碳气体的渗入,加强对分析人员的管理,可从根本上解决生产实际中硫代硫酸钠标准溶液出现的析硫现象,保持其浓度的稳定性.     

电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响

为了研究采用电场手段改良杉木的可行性,将一定含水率的杉木板材置于不同的电场强度(极板间电势差)中,并在杉木板材上部稳定地保持一定量的氯化钠溶液,5 h后,测试板材不同高度(厚度)部位的含水率和钠离子含量,并与未在电场中渗透的杉木的对应值比较分析,研究电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响,结果表明:①定向电场的存在,能促进氯化钠溶液在杉木中的渗透;②在本试验范围内,随着电场强度的增加,氯化钠溶液中水分和钠离子在杉木中、下部渗透量增加,并使各渗透层面的含水率均匀性提高.     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

CMC-Na负载ε-PL/黄芩黄酮总苷元缓释保鲜涂膜研制

以中草药黄芩中的黄酮苷元类成分、聚赖氨酸、壳聚糖以及羧甲基纤维素钠为原料制备复合缓释保鲜涂膜,以期延长黄瓜的贮藏期。以黄瓜烂果率、失重率、V_C含量为主要新鲜度指标,基于单因素实验结果,选取三个影响显著的因素,采用响应面法优化复合缓释保鲜涂膜配方,以黄瓜感官评价为响应值进行保鲜研究,得出缓释保鲜膜的最佳配方为：黄芩黄酮总苷元浓度0.57%,壳聚糖浓度0.92%,CMC-Na浓度1.47%,聚赖氨酸浓度6%;用制备的最佳配方缓释保鲜膜在温度25℃、相对湿度65%条件下保鲜黄瓜达16d,对黄瓜烂果率、失重率的增长速度以及V_C含量的减少速度起到一定程度的减缓作用。所研制的复合缓释保鲜膜配方能够作为黄瓜贮藏保鲜的技术参考。     

添加螯合剂对磷酸二铵溶解、固定及转化的影响

【目的】促进磷肥溶解、减少磷素固定是提高磷肥利用率的重要途径。本研究通过向磷酸二铵中添加羟基乙叉二膦酸和葡萄糖酸钠制备磷肥试验产品,研究其溶解和防固定性能及磷素肥际转化特征,为磷肥高效利用提供依据。【方法】选择羟基乙叉二膦酸（HEDP）和葡萄糖酸钠（SG）两种螯合剂,分别按0、0.5%、1%、3%、5%的添加比例与粉状磷酸二铵混匀并挤压造粒,制备出普通磷酸二铵（P）、HEDP_0.5%+P、HEDP_1%+P、HEDP_3%+P、HEDP_5%+P、SG_0.5%+P、SG_1%+P、SG_3%+P和SG_5%+P等9种颗粒磷酸二铵试验产品。分别采用水溶出率法和CaCl₂沉淀法分析比较不同磷酸二铵试验产品的水溶性磷的溶解速率和固定率,并利用土壤培养法研究其肥际移动和转化特征。【结果】（1）添加HEDP和SG的磷酸二铵平均溶解速率较普通磷酸二铵分别提高27.7%和20.0%;HEDP和SG在5%和0.5%添加量时溶解速率最高,分别达5.1%·min^-1和4.8%·min^-1,溶解15 min的溶出率分别为76.6%和72.6%,较普通磷酸二铵提高39.2%和32.6%。（2）添加HEDP和SG,磷酸二铵中水溶性磷固定率分别降低10.3%和6.6%,与普通磷酸二铵相比,HEDP和SG添加量分别为5%和3%时水溶性磷固定率最低,分别为58.1%和61.3%,较普通磷酸二铵降低17.0%和11.8%。（3）HEDP+P和SG+P处理肥际土壤有效磷含量较普通磷酸二铵分别显著提高39.5%和21.2%,以HEDP+P肥际土壤有效磷含量更高。HEDP和SG添加量均在3%时肥际微域有效磷含量最高,分别为2.9和2.5 g·kg^-1,较普通磷酸二铵提高53.3%和31.9%。（4）HEDP+P和SG+P处理肥际微域Ca₂-P含量较普通磷酸二铵分别提高38.2%和43.0%,均在螯合剂添加量为3%时最高;在施肥层上下5 mm肥际微域范围内,HEDP+P和SG+P的处理Ca₈-P含量较P处理分别降低33.6%和14.5%,HEDP和SG添加量分别在0.5%和3%时肥际微域Ca₈-P含量最低,分别为0.9和1.5 g·kg^-1,较P处理分别降低53.4%和25.8%。（5）肥际微域中有效磷和Ca₂-P含量与磷肥的溶解速率显著正相关,与水溶性磷固定率显著负相关（P<0.01）。【结论】添加羟基乙叉二膦酸和葡萄糖酸钠均可促进磷酸二铵溶解,有效减少磷素固定,其中羟基乙叉二膦酸的助溶解及防固定效果更好,且当其添加量为3%时能更显著地提高肥际土壤有效磷含量,并减少Ca₂-P向Ca₈-P的转化。     

Dramatic Changes of Matrix Metalloproteinases-7 and Lysozyme in the Ulcerative Colitis of Mice Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a lifelong illness with profound emotional and social impacts, and could cause serious damage to large intestine, especially in colon. However, the pathogenesis of UC remained unclear. The present study attempts to find out the role of matrix metalloproteinases-7 （MMP-7） and lysozyme in the pathogenesis of UC through a mice model induced by dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）. The UC model was evaluated both by disease activity index （DAI） and the intestinal histopathology. The results show that there is a high correlation between the DAI score and the pathological changes of colon. Interleukin-6 （IL-6） serum levels and large intestinal fluids levels in UC mice are always higher than that of the control groups, which might be associated with the degree of the inflammation damage in the colon. The change tendency of the MMP-7 mRNA and protein expressions are both up-regulated firstly and then down-regulated from 1 to 5 d in the colon, but only the MMP-7 protein is up-regulated at 7 d again. The up-regulated MMP-7 levels in the early stage of UC may play a protective role through the activated defensins, while the down-regulated levels in the mid-later stage of UC may be connected with the severe lesions in the colon. However, the up-regulated MMP-7 levels in the later stage of UC in the colon may also contribute to the tissue repair or be served as a marker to CRC （colorectal cancer）. The distribution of lysozyme protein indicates that there may be Paneth-like cells in the colon. Both the changes of MMP-7 and lysozyme in the small intestine may play a protective role for the safe environment of the whole gut, especially to the colon of UC.     

外源性硫化氢对骨骼肌疲劳的影响简

试验旨在探讨硫化氢供体硫氢化钠改善疲劳状态下肌力减退的作用。采用脉冲式电流直接刺激腓肠肌作为疲劳模型,对比硫氢化钠和任氏液分别对蟾蜍腓肠肌疲劳的影响。结果表明,硫氢化钠在浓度为5×10^-4、1×10^-3、2×10^-3 mol/L时,离体腓肠肌达到最大收缩幅度90%、50%和10%的时间极显著长于在任氏液作用下的离体腓肠肌(P<0.01);5.6 mg/kg硫氢化钠也极显著延长了在体腓肠肌达到最大收缩幅度90%、50%和10%的时间(P <0.01)。表明外源性硫化氢具有延缓肌肉疲劳的作用。     

The evaluation of secondary stress response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Val. 1844) after exposing to the saline water

The stress response of grass carp to salinity was evaluated assessing the levels of hematocrit, leucocrit, plasma glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium. Mean hematocrit values increased following exposure to salinity. Mean leucocrit values elevated after exposure to salinity for 24 h, then decreased. Mean plasma glucose increased during saline exposure for 48 h and then decreased to normal values. Plasma sodium and chloride levels were increased to their highest values after 48 h. While plasma potassium value increased with the exposure time, plasma calcium values were not affected by salinity exposure.