外源NO供体SNP对辣椒种子萌发的影响

研究了不同浓度外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对辣椒种子发芽率、胚根与胚轴生长、膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量及抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,低浓度SNP能提高辣椒种子的发芽率,促进辣椒胚根、胚轴生长,提高萌发幼苗SOD、POD、CAT酶的活性,降低MDA的含量.但较高浓度的SNP却降低辣椒种子的发芽率.削弱辣椒胚根、胚轴的生长,抑制萌发幼苗的SOD、CAT酶活性,使MDA舍量增加.     

蜈蚣兰初代培养中内生真菌的抑制作用

为了建立蜈蚣兰无菌繁殖体系,以0.2%的山梨酸钾和0.2%的苯甲酸钠为供试药剂,研究了两种不同种类的食品防腐剂在蜈蚣兰初代培养中对内生真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:两种食品防腐剂均对蜈蚣兰内生真菌的生长有抑制作用,且山梨酸钾的抑菌作用更为显著。同时,两种防腐剂的加入对外植体侧芽萌发均有一定程度的抑制,且苯甲酸钠的抑制作用较为突出。另外,0.8%的次氯酸钠溶液对蜈蚣兰内生真菌的生长也有一定的抑制作用。     

意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫饲粮的适宜亚硒酸钠添加水平

【目的】探索意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)工蜂幼虫日粮的适宜亚硒酸钠水平,为意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫发育阶段硒的营养需要提供依据。【方法】共取1 440只1日龄意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫并平均分为两批,每批720只,一批用于化蛹率、羽化率的测定,一批用于理化指标和分子指标的测定。两批幼虫均按单因素完全随机设计分成6组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂亚硒酸钠添加量为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg·kg~(-1)的日粮,每组5个重复,每个重复24只幼虫。取3、5、7日龄幼虫测定体重、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)活性,取5日龄幼虫测定硒磷酸合成酶(selenide water dikinase,Sel D)、丝氨酰-t RNA合成酶(seryl-t RNA synthetase,Ser Rs)、SECIS-结合蛋白1(SECIS-binding protein 1,Sbp1)、SECIS-结合蛋白2(SECIS-binding protein 2,Sbp2)基因表达量;7日龄时统计化蛹率。【结果】与对照组相比,日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.2—0.6 mg·kg~(-1)时显著提高了幼虫的T-AOC(P0.05),日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.2—0.8 mg·kg~(-1)时显著提高了幼虫的T-SOD活性(P0.05),各试验组均显著降低了幼虫的MDA含量(P0.05)。日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.4 mg·kg~(-1)时幼虫的PO活性显著高于对照(P0.05)。日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.6 mg·kg~(-1)时5日龄幼虫的Sel D、Ser Rs、Sbp1、Sbp2基因表达水平显著高于对照(P0.05)。日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.4 mg·kg~(-1)时幼虫化蛹前体重显著高于对照(P0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.2 mg·kg~(-1)时,幼虫化蛹率显著提高(P0.05)。【结论】人工饲养条件下基础日粮硒水平为0.21 mg·kg~(-1)时,根据幼虫化蛹前体重、化蛹率做拟合曲线得出意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫日粮适宜亚硒酸钠添加水平为0.24—0.33 mg·kg~(-1),即意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫的适宜硒水平为0.32—0.36 mg·kg~(-1)。     

不溶性草酸氧化酶的包埋及草酸快速检测方法研究

通过研究不溶性草酸氧化酶包埋方法和草酸快速检测方法,建立氧电极法测定草酸的便捷体系。以大麦麸皮为原料制备不溶性草酸氧化酶,采用5%的琼脂糖包埋,检测包埋酶的稳定性和抗离子干扰能力;以包埋酶为工具酶,通过氧电极法检测草酸含量。试验结果表明:包埋酶连续反应2 h酶活性下降低于5%,贮存30 d活性下降低于8%;草酸检测线性范围0.1～0.8mmol/L,外标法草酸回收率为83%～97%。用氧电极法与显色法测定小麦草酸含量,两种方法的测定值无显著性差异。但氧电极法测定耗时短,反应体系简单,易于推广应用。     

SNP对油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)在10、50、100、200、500、1000、2000μmol/L等7个浓度下对油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:100μmol/L的SNP可有效促进供试油菜种子的萌发,提高油菜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,促进油菜幼苗地上部分的生长,而高浓度的SNP对油菜种子萌发有抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制作用越明显。SNP对油菜幼苗根的生长亦有抑制作用。总体来看,在100μmol/L处理的综合效果最好。     

海藻酸钠茶多酚复配涂膜对滇橄榄贮藏品质的影响

采用不同浓度的茶多酚和海藻酸钠对滇橄榄进行涂膜保鲜单因素试验,根据测定结果,选择浓度为0.10%、0.20%的海藻酸钠与浓度为0.75%、1.00%、1.50%的茶多酚进行复配涂膜,研究其对滇橄榄贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:经涂膜处理后的滇橄榄贮藏品质优于CK组,在6组不同浓度配比下,以0.10%海藻酸钠与1.50%茶多酚复配保鲜液的保鲜效果较好,可保持滇橄榄较好的感官品质,延缓果实失重率、可溶性固形物含量的升高和VC含量的下降,保持较高的好果率,抑制呼吸强度,能将滇橄榄保鲜期延长至15 d。     

池塘中亚硝酸盐对草鱼种的毒害及防治

亚硝酸盐对草鱼种有很高的毒性,特别是水温超过30℃以上时。它主要是诱导草鱼血液中的血红蛋白转变为高铁血红蛋白,高铁血红蛋白超过血红蛋白总量的23.0％时,容易诱发草鱼出血病。随着草鱼血液中高铁血红蛋白的增高,红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量逐渐减少。池中亚硝酸盐氮含量到0.099±0.03毫克/升时,草鱼会出现出血病。清除水中亚硝酸盐氮的方法是在池塘中施加次氯酸钠,亚硝酸盐氮超过0.15毫克/升时,最好在池塘中先施加熟石灰,然后施加次氯酸钠,且以分次施用,效果较好。     

Sodium alginate supplementation modulates gut microbiota,health parameters,growth performance and growth‐related gene expression in Malaysian Mahseer Tor tambroides

This study investigated the effects of sodium alginate supplementation on gut microbiota composition, health parameters, growth performances and growth‐related gene expression of Malaysian mahseer. Five test diets were formulated by supplementing 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% sodium alginate. Triplicate groups of juvenile Tor tambroides (2.19 ± 0.05 g) were stocked in 15 aquaria (20 individuals per aquarium) and fed at 3.0% body weight per day for 60 days. PCoA and UPGMA analysis showed that gut bacterial community were more convergence in higher sodium alginate‐supplemented diets. The percentage of Porphyromonadaceae, Bacteroides, Plesiomonas and Shewanella were substantially higher and Aeromonas, Entomoplasmatales and Prevotellaceae were drastically lower in higher sodium alginate (0.2%–0.8%) diets. Sodium alginate supplementation (≥0.2%) significantly improved the haematocrit value and respiratory burst activity of T. tambroides. Growth performances and feed utilization were significantly higher in 0.2%–0.4% sodium alginate‐supplemented diets. The increased growth rate of T. tambroides was governed by both hyperplastic and hypertrophic muscle growth. Real‐time PCR data demonstrated that most of the growth‐related genes were significantly upregulated in 0.2%–0.4% sodium alginate‐supplemented diet. Finally, it can be concluded that sodium alginate should be supplemented at 2 g/kg in practical fish feed formulation.     

Effects of dietary selenium on growth performance and oxidative stress in juvenile grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary selenium (Se) on feed intake, weight gain and antioxidant activity in juvenile grass carp (11.2 ± 0.03 g). Six Se levels (0.13, 0.41, 0.56, 1.12, 2.18 and 4.31 mg/kg) of semi‐purified diets were assayed in triplicate. The maximum weight gain, specific growth rate and feed intake were obtained in fish fed with 1.12 mg Se/kg diet. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was markedly increased when dietary Se ≤1.12 mg/kg diet and reached a plateau when dietary Se ≥1.12 mg/kg diet. Hepatic superoxide dismutase and serum catalase activities in juvenile grass carp fed with 0.56, 1.12 and 2.18 mg Se/kg diets were all significantly higher than those in the other groups. The malondialdehyde content in liver and serum was firstly decreased and then increased with increasing dietary Se content, and the lowest content was observed in fish fed with 1.12 mg Se/kg diet. With the increase in Se level, the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were reduced. In addition, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and albumin content were highest in fish fed with 1.12 mg Se/kg diet. This study indicated that both the Se deficiency and excess of Se caused negative effect on the oxidative stress in juvenile grass carp and suggested that the health‐giving concentration of dietary inorganic Se was 1.12 mg/kg diet. Moreover, based on the broken‐line regression analysis of weight gain, the optimal concentration of dietary inorganic Se was 0.83 mg/kg for juvenile grass carp.     

丁酸钠对脂多糖诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系炎性损伤的修复作用

本研究拟通过分析丁酸钠对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系(MAC-T细胞)炎性损伤的修复作用,进一步从体外角度阐述丁酸钠对奶牛乳腺健康的调控机制。在MAC-T细胞中添加不同浓度(0、1、10、100、1 000、10 000 ng/mL)的LPS,检测细胞活力,以确定LPS的适宜浓度,建立细胞氧化损伤模型;并进一步在MAC-T细胞中添加不同浓度(0、2、4、8、16、32μmol/L)的丁酸钠,检测细胞凋亡率,以确定丁酸钠的适宜浓度。最终选用1 000 ng/mL LPS和16μmol/L丁酸钠用于本试验。试验分为3组,分别为对照组、LPS处理组和LPS+丁酸钠处理组,分别对其细胞形态、氧化应激指标及凋亡蛋白mRNA表达水平进行检测。结果表明：1)对照组MAC-T细胞呈扁平的无规则形态,贴壁状态良好;而LPS处理组MAC-T细胞核固缩、破裂,并出现大面积死亡脱落现象;LPS+丁酸钠处理组MAC-T细胞边缘清楚,胞内颗粒较少,死亡脱落现象明显减少。2)与对照组相比,LPS处理组MAC-T细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著降低(P<0.05),丙...