饲料中适量添加小苏打对牦牛产奶性能的影响

研究在牦牛饲料中适量添加小苏打后,对牦牛产奶量及相关指标的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,3个试验组牦牛产奶量变化不显著,试验前后牦牛奶的pH值也变化不显著,但是试验1组、试验2组、试验3组牦牛乳中的乳脂率有显著提高,分别提高了2.52%、2.95%、3.08%。     

Preparation and Properties of Plywood Adhesives with Soy Protein Isolate Modified by SDS

The effects of mass concentration,the reaction temperature and the reaction time of soy protein isolate(SPI) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the adhesive strength of the modified SPI adhesives has been studied through orthogonal experiments.And the adhesive mechanism of the modified SPI adhesives was discussed.The results show that the optimum formula conditions are as follows:mass concentration of SPI was 14%,that of SDS 1%,reaction temperature 35℃and the reaction time 3 h.Under the optimum conditions, the dry adhesive strength of the modified SPI adhesives was 1.82 MPa,the wet adhesive strength was 0.82 MPa,the viscosity was 5.8 Pa·s,the solid content was 12.96%.After SDS was added into SPI, the composites of SDS-SPI were formed,the internal hydrophobic groups among the SPI molecule structure were turned out and the water resistance of the modified SPI adhesives was enhanced with an increase of the modification time.When the concentration of SDS was over a defined value,the disulfide bond was broken and the modification effect of SDS went bad.     

亚胺培南与头孢曲松联合药敏试验

研究亚胺培南与头孢曲松钠,对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌与革兰氏阳性菌四联球菌联合体外抗菌效果。采用8×8棋盘法测定不同浓度的亚胺培南与头孢曲松钠组合对于大肠杆菌与四联球菌的抗菌效果,并且计算FIC值。通过本次试验研究显示,联合用药大大减少了亚胺培南与头孢曲松钠的用量。亚胺培南对于大肠杆菌可以增效8倍,对于四联球菌增效4倍。头孢曲松钠对于大肠杆菌和四联球菌可以增效16倍。亚胺培南与头孢曲松钠对于两菌用药FIC值均小于0.5,呈协同作用。     

高效液相色谱法测定青霉素钠含量的测量不确定度评定

采用高效液相色谱法测定青霉素钠的含量,评定其不确定度。建立测量不确定度的数学模型,通过对整个测定过程中所产生的各不确定度分量的分析和计算,求得当青霉素钠的含量为96．6％时,扩展不确定度为2．7％。     

三峡库区消落带土壤中施用磷肥对环境激素铅吸附-解吸的影响

采用室内模拟施肥、恒温振荡平衡法研究了磷肥种类、磷肥浓度、铅离子浓度、离子强度和酸度影响三峡库区消落带土壤对铅离子的吸附量和解吸量。结果表明：（1）磷肥种类与铅离子的吸附量和解吸量显著相关,施用Ca（H2PO4）2使铅离子的吸附量和解吸量相对较小;（2）土壤铅离子的吸附量和解吸量与施用磷肥浓度呈显著相关,建议选用磷酸二氢钙、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钾3种磷肥,施用量在3.4066～8.5164kg P2O5·666.6m-2之间较为合适;（3）铅离子浓度极显著地影响土壤吸附和解吸铅离子,随着铅离子浓度的增加,吸附量和解吸量都呈逐渐增加的趋势;（4）离子强度和酸度都极显著地影响土壤吸附和解吸铅离子,建议选用磷酸二氢钙盐、钾盐和铵盐作为磷肥,可以减小土壤铅离子的环境风险。     

长链两性修饰土对Cd2＋的吸附动力学

以两性表面修饰剂十八烷基二甲基甜菜碱（BS-18）修饰的塿土土样为研究对象,在Cd2＋单一条件和与苯酚共存的复合条件下,通过不同的速度参数研究了修饰土样对Cd2＋的吸附动力学特征,并对吸附机制进行探讨。结果显示,在20℃和40℃温度下单一、复合两种处理的条件下,不同修饰比例BS-18修饰土样的各速度参数均大于未修饰土样,且总体上均随着修饰比例的增加而增大,表明修饰可以显著加快塿土土样对Cd2＋的吸附速度;吸附反应分为快速反应和慢速反应2个阶段,总反应平均速度Vt由快速吸附反应速度Vf和慢速吸附反应速度Vs共同决定;温度升高,单一处理Cd2＋的总反应平均速度基本不变,复合处理则下降;加入苯酚可以加快Cd2＋的总反应平均速度,40℃时则表现为抑制效应。Cd2＋吸附速度的描述以双常数方程动力学模型为最佳模型,模型参数A、B值可以用来描述吸附速度的大小。     

汾河中下游河道生态需水量研究

汾河中下游流域地处我国黄土高原干旱、半干旱地区,水资源短缺与生态环境矛盾十分突出,从水资源开发利用中的生态环境问题出发,构建了适合汾河中下游生态需水量计算模型。河流生态需水量是一个随着时段、河段的不同而发生变化的动态值,把汾河中下游以水文站分成5段,分别计算了不同水文频率年各河段生态需水量,把河道生态需水量分为河道蒸发、渗漏、自净、输沙需水量和基础流量,并根据它们之间的相互关系,界定了总生态需水量。结果表明,汾河中下游20%,50%,70%和95%水文频率年河道生态需水量分别为6.17×108m3,3.78×108m3,2.37×108m3,1.59×108m3;占流域代表年径流量的百分比分别为55.43%,61.97%,61.27%,88.15%,且占多年平均流量的百分比分别为73.68%,45.10%,28.27%,18.92%。要实现汾河流域的可持续管理,必需采取切实有效的措施进行水资源开发调控,分时段分河段地进行水资源的合理利用。     

A novel ambipolar‐resin membrane for extracting soil nutrients

We have synthesized a novel ambipolar membrane for the simple, rapid, and simultaneous extraction of key nutrients from soil. The membrane was made by adding an anion‐ and a cation‐exchange resin to a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel in the presence of glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent. The synthetic membrane was efficient in adsorbing (extracting) NO , PO , K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ ions from soil simultaneously. The ion‐adsorption capacity of the membrane was related to the soil nutrient status, duration of membrane–soil contact, and soil water content. The importance of these factors followed the order: soil nutrient status > contact time > soil water content. Adsorption by the membrane of NO and Mg²⁺ ions from soil leveled off after 48 h of membrane–soil contact but uptake of Ca²⁺, PO , and K⁺ ions required a longer contact time for equilibrium to be established. When the soil water content exceeds 55% w/w, this factor ceased to influence ion adsorption by the ambipolar‐resin membrane. The synthetic membrane is potentially useful for the in situ assessment of the nutrient requirement of certain crops at a given point in time.     

Aluminum,manganese, and iron tolerance improves performance of wheat genotypes in waterlogged acidic soils

Waterlogging results in high shoot concentrations of iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) in wheat grown in acidic soil. The verification of this observation in several acidic soils, development of screening techniques, and identification of genotypes differing in tolerance made it possible to test whether tolerance of ion toxicities improves performance of wheat in waterlogged acid soils. Six wheat varieties selected for tolerance/intolerance of Al, Mn, and Fe were grown in three acidic soils (pH_CaCl2 4.1–4.3) with or without waterlogging for 40 d. In terms of relative shoot dry weight, Al‐, Mn‐, and Fe‐tolerant genotypes tolerated waterlogging better, outperforming intolerant genotypes by 35%, 53%, and 32%, respectively, across the soils. The Al‐tolerant genotype had up to 1.8‐fold better root growth than the intolerant genotype under waterlogging. Waterlogging increased DTPA‐extractable soil Mn (71%) and Fe (89%), and increased shoot Fe (up to 7.6‐fold) and Al (up to 5.9‐fold) for different genotypes and soils. The Al‐tolerant genotype maintained lower tissue concentrations of Al as compared to intolerant genotypes during waterlogging. Waterlogging delayed crop development but distinctly less so in the tolerant than in the intolerant genotypes, thus jeopardizing the capacity of intolerant genotypes to produce yield in Mediterranean climates with dry finish of the season. Pyramiding multiple ion tolerances into current wheat varieties with desirable agronomic and quality characteristics to enhance their performance under waterlogged acid soils should be considered.     

巴西橡胶树K~＋通道蛋白基因HbKCO1的克隆与表达分析

本研究采用RT-PCR结合RACE技术,成功地克隆了一个新的巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)K+通道蛋白基因并分析了其结构和表达特征.结果表明,该基因cDNA全长1482 bp,拥有1059 bp的开放阅读框(ORE),编码353个氨基酸残基.同源性和聚类分析证实,该基因属于植物KCO家族,命名为HbKCO1(GenBank登录号为EU827609).半定量RT-PCR分析结果显示,HbKCOl在巴西橡胶树不同器官中均有表达,但叶片中表达量最高,茎次之,根、胶乳和树皮中的表达量最低;高钾、盐胁迫(NaC1)和Ca~(2+)可以促进叶片中HbKCOl的表达,钾饥饿和ABA则起到抑制作用;胶乳中HbKCOl的表达几乎不受乙烯利(ET)和茉莉酸(JA)的影响.