食用氯化钠替代明矾在马铃薯粉丝(条)中的应用

通过改变马铃薯粉丝(条)生产工艺参数,用食用氯化钠(食盐)替代明矾,达到或超过传统工艺马铃薯粉丝(条)产品所具有的透明、耐煮、不断条、不浑汤、不黏连、口感筋道等特性。     

茶树精油-海藻酸钠复合涂膜对鲜切苹果品质的影响

以山东富士苹果为试材,通过测定鲜切苹果经不同浓度茶树精油(0.1％、0.3％、0.5％(V/V))和1.5％(m/V)海藻酸钠复合涂膜处理后,在4℃贮藏过程中失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、色差、VC含量、总酚含量及抗氧化活性的变化,研究茶树精油-海藻酸钠复合涂膜对鲜切苹果品质的影响.结果表明:适宜浓度的茶树精油复合海藻酸钠涂膜处理可以有效保持鲜切苹果的鲜度和硬度,减少失重率的增加和可溶性固形物含量的降低,抑制褐变,同时减缓VC含量、总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除能力的下降速度.其中,1.5％海藻酸钠和0.1％茶树精油复配涂膜处理鲜切苹果的效果最佳.该研究结果可为茶树精油复合海藻酸钠涂膜在鲜切水果保鲜上的深入研究和应用提供参考.     

不同硬脂酸添加量下大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠膜特性研究

为改善大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜的耐水性,通过添加不同添加量（0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%）硬脂酸制备大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠/硬脂酸三元复合膜,探究硬脂酸对大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜的机械性能、阻水性能和微观结构的影响,最终明确不同硬脂酸添加量对耐水性变化的影响规律。结果表明：与大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠二元复合膜相比,添加6%和8%硬脂酸后,复合膜的断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率显著下降,并且对其含水率及水溶性也有显著影响。当硬脂酸添加量为8%时,三元复合膜的水蒸气渗透性最低,水蒸气透过系数为（2.95±0.49） g·mm/（m²·h·kPa）,接触角最大,为91.68°±9.02°。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析可知,大豆分离蛋白和海藻酸钠通过共价交联形成网络结构,加入的硬脂酸则分布在网络结构的缝隙中,当硬脂酸添加量为8%时,膜的表面较为光滑平整,内部结构致密,能够形成良好的网络结构,键与键之间结合较强,能有效提高复合膜的阻水性能。     

NaCl溶液处理亚热带土壤水分特征曲线差异与模型优选

携带大量盐分的低质水长期灌溉导致土壤存在极大的物理化学特性退化风险,为了探究盐分对土壤水分特征曲线影响的差异性,采用压力膜法对亚热带地区粘性潮土、沙性潮土、红壤、紫色土、水稻土等5种土壤进行室内测定,对比分析了各土壤在0、5、10、15 g/L等4个钠盐浓度水平下土壤水分特征曲线的差异,并利用RETC软件结合数理统计方法确定了各土壤不同钠盐浓度水平下相应的最优拟合模型。结果表明:钠盐处理均可提高各土壤的持水能力,且粘粒含量较高的土壤影响显著;钠盐处理减少了粘性潮土、沙性潮土和红壤的有效含水率,分别最大减少了40.8%、30.5%、31.5%,却提高了紫色土、水稻土有效含水率,分别最大提高了45.7%、28.9%。粘粒含量少或低浓度盐溶液处理的土壤水分特征曲线以BC模型拟合最优,而粘粒含量多且高浓度盐溶液处理的以DP-M模型拟合最优。     

Effect of ABA,arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos

Abscisic acid (ABA), arginine and sucrose were evaluated for their effects on the morphology, germination rates and protein content of date palm somatic embryos (SE). Different concentrations of these supplements in the culture medium were used. The comparative study of SE length and thickness between treated and untreated SE revealed no differences, except for ABA (20 μM), which increased thickness. A decrease of water content (WC) in favor of an increase in dry weight (DW) was observed in all treated SE, especially with sucrose (90 g l⁻¹) and ABA (20 μM). Only ABA (20 and 4 μM) caused a proliferation rate of the cultures higher than those in the control. Although all the tested compounds increased protein content, ABA (20 μM) was more effective in protein enrichment than arginine and sucrose treatments. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed a significant difference between treated and untreated SE. A protein band of 22 kDa, identified as glutelin in a previous work, was accumulated after treatment with 20 μM ABA or 3 mM arginine. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of specific storage proteins in several plants.     

Hyperaccumulation of selenium in hybrid striped bass: a functional food for aquaculture?

One method of increasing the value of aquacultured product is to produce fillets that are fortified with minerals that are beneficial to human health – that is enhance the functionality of an already healthy product. A good candidate mineral in this regard is selenium (Se) which is of vital importance to normal metabolism in humans. In order to evaluate the dose response and tissue accumulation of supplemental dietary Se, a study was undertaken with hybrid striped bass (HSB). Animals were fed diets supplemented with either organic (0–3.2 mg kg^?1 as SelPlex^®) or inorganic (0.2 and 0.4 mg kg^?1 as sodium selenite) Se for 6 weeks. Because basal fishmeal‐based diets contained 1.22 mg Se kg^?1, doses of Se delivered equated to 1.22–4.42 mg kg^?1. At trial end, greatest weight gain was observed in fish receiving 0.2 mg Se kg^?1, irrespective of form (organic/inorganic). Se accumulation in HSB liver and fillet revealed a classical dose‐response once a threshold level of 0.2 mg Se kg^?1 was surpassed. Greatest tissue accumulation of Se was observed in fish fed the 3.2 mg Se kg^?1 level (P > 0.0001). A 100 g portion of Se‐enhanced HSB fillet would contain between 33 and 109 μg Se, amounting to a dietary intake of between 25 and 80 μg Se; a level that would satisfy present daily intake recommendations. Comparison of tissue Se levels indicated that the muscle provides a more conspicuous gauge of dietary Se dose‐response than does liver. Dietary treatments of between 0.4 and 1.6 mg organic Se kg^?1 reduced (P < 0.024) plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity. No differences were observed in ceruloplasmin, lysozyme or GSH‐Px activities between organic and inorganic Se when delivered at the 0.2 mg Se kg^?1 level. Ceruloplasmin, lysozyme and GSH‐Px levels were elevated (P ≥ 0.025) in fish fed the diet containing 0.4 mg inorganic Se kg^?1.     

Inducible nitric oxide synthase and arterial pressure regulation

AIM and METHODS:To clarify the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of blood pressure,in the present study, we examined the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of iNOS on the hemodinamical response of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats to low (0.3%) or high (8%) sodium chloride (NaCl) infusion by chronical in vivo hemodynamic experiment, and the effect of NaCl or NaCl plus AG infusion on urinary nitrate (NO₃)/nitrite (NO₂), the end product of nitric oxide (NO), excretion by Greiss Reaction. Furthermore, NOS activity assay was also carried out to probe the effect of NaCl and AG on calcium-dependent or independent NOS activity in renal tissue. RESULTS:1. High or low NaCl-infused DR rats and low NaCl-infused DS rats have no hemodinamical response to AG, however, the hypertensive effect of high NaCl (8%) infusion on DS rats were greatly amplified by co-infusion of AG. 2. Administration of high NaCl significantly elevated the iNOS activity of renal tissue, and greatly increased urinary NO₃/NO₂ excretion. CONCLUSION:Inducible NOS is an important modulator of arterial pressure, especially in case of higher blood pressure.     

石灰、硅酸钠和羟基磷灰石对烟草吸收镉的影响

为了探讨施用不同钝化剂对烟草吸收富集镉的效果,采用盆栽试验研究了石灰、硅酸钠和羟基磷灰石对Pb-Cd复合污染土壤上的烟草镉吸收富集的影响。结果表明,土壤pH值均随3种钝化剂用量的增大而升高,而土壤有效镉(DTPA-提取)含量则随之降低。土壤有效镉的最大降幅分别为:32 g/kg羟基磷灰石处理(52.4%)16 g/kg石灰处理(37.0%)12.5 g/kg硅酸钠处理(14.1%)。3种钝化剂都降低了烟株各部位镉的含量,其对烟叶镉含量的平均最大降幅分别为87%(16 g/kg石灰处理),74.7%(12.5 g/kg硅酸钠处理)和82.2%(32 g/kg羟基磷灰石处理)。石灰和羟基磷灰石对镉在根-茎之间的转移无显著影响,而硅酸钠则显著降低了镉在根-茎之间的转移。综上,镉污染的植烟土壤可以施用这些钝化剂以降低烟叶中镉的含量。     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

带裂缝混凝土氯离子扩散作用试验研究及数值模拟

为了准确评估带裂缝工作混凝土结构的耐久性能,针对氯离子在带裂缝混凝土中的扩散过程进行研究。提出了无损制备裂缝的方法,可高效易行地在混凝土侧面及内部产生裂缝。对带裂缝的水泥砂浆试件进行氯盐溶液浸泡试验,深入研究了单缝和双缝试件中氯离子的扩散作用,修正了氯离子的扩散系数,并对带裂缝混凝土的氯离子扩散过程进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明：氯离子会沿裂缝发展方向及垂直于裂缝发展方向扩散,随着水灰比的减小,砂浆试件的抗氯离子扩散性能明显提高,在一定范围内,当裂缝间距增大,双缝间的氯离子扩散交互影响作用明显减小,ANSYS软件的模拟结果与试验数据吻合良好。