饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道内容物pH、消化蛋白酶活性及菌群的影响

【目的】研究蛋鸡饲粮中添加不同水平的碳酸氢钠对肠道内容物pH、消化蛋白酶活性和肠道菌群的影响,以探讨饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡消化机能的影响。【方法】选取21周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡450只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每重复15只鸡;对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加0.1%,0.5%,2.5%,5%NaHCO3的试验饲粮,试验期133d。试验期末采集各组肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠食糜及粪便,测定各段食糜和粪便的pH、肌胃食糜的胃蛋白酶活性、十二指肠食糜的胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性以及回肠和盲肠食糜中菌群的变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)指纹图谱,并计算回肠、盲肠食糜的多样性指数和相似性指数。【结果】1)饲粮中添加0.1%和0.5%的碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道各段pH无显著影响,而饲粮中添加2.5%和5%的碳酸氢钠可显著提高蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠和空肠内容物以及粪便的pH(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加2.5%和5%的碳酸氢钠可显著降低肌胃中胃蛋白酶、十二指肠中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性(P0.05)。3)饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠可改变蛋鸡回肠和盲肠的微生物多样性指数。【结论】饲粮中添加高剂量的碳酸氢钠(2.5%和5%)显著影响蛋鸡消化道内环境,降低蛋鸡的蛋白消化机能。     

次氯酸钠处理对E.tenella球虫卵囊的影响

１４日龄爱维茵鸡接种Ｅ．ｔｅｎｅｌａ广东株７．５ｄ后，扑杀，其盲肠粘膜刮取物及内容物以１：５次氯酸钠（含活性氯不低于７．５％）处理２０ｍｉｎ后，离心清洗，加２．５％的重铬酸钾，置敞开的大平皿中，２８℃环境下孢子化。同时设未经次氯酸钠处理的对照组。４８ｈ与７２ｈ后分别取样检查其孢子化率。结果发现，次氯酸钠处理组孢子化率与未经次氯酸钠处理的对照组无显著差异。所得孢子化卵囊接种鸡的试验结果表明，低剂量下，未处理组显示出较强的致病力，不过平均卵囊数相差不大；较高剂量下，处理组病变略轻，而平均卵囊数明显高于未处理对照组。     

一种适合于磷系和弱碱性水处理系统的聚合物阻垢剂

研究了以水为溶剂、过硫酸盐为引发剂合成的马来酸酐—烯丙基磺酸钠(MA—SAS)聚合物阻垢剂对磷酸钙、锌盐、碳酸钙和硫酸钙垢物的阻垢效果，探讨了介质pH值、Ca^2 浓度、温度和阻垢剂浓度对MA—SAS阻垢效果的影响．结果表明，MA—SAS共聚物在较宽pH值范围内对这些垢物均具有良好的抑制作用，既适用于磷系配方的循环水，也可用于中等硬度(160—240mg／L)、弱碱性(pH值8—9)和中等温度(50—60℃)的循环水系统．     

NO^—2对水稻生长发育的影响

大水培条件下，当ＮＯ＾－２浓度低于６０ｋｇ时，秧苗干重，鲜重及含Ｎ量都随ＮＯ＾－２浓度升高而增加；当ＮＯ＾－２浓度超过６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，干重，鲜重及含Ｎ则随浓度升高而降低，但这种降低可因Ｆｅ＾＋＋的存在而减弱，在相同施Ｎ量下，秧苗干重，苗高，分蘖数和含Ｎ量也会因为ＮＯ＾－２的施用而下降。ＮＯ＾－２显著影响根系呼吸强度和秧苗含水量，根系吸氧量及秧苗含水量随ＮＯ＾－２浓度升而减少。ＮＯ＾－２提高亚硝...     

家兔亚硒酸中毒的病理形态学研究

给家兔分别肌肉注射不同剂量的亚硒酸钠，历时入周，复制出亚急性硒中毒的动物模型。病理形态学变化为：家兔的生长受到明显抑制，肝，肾，心，脾等组织器官损害严重如肝实质细胞变性，坏死；肾实质退行病变；心肌纤维变性，充血，肺淤血，水肿：脾萎缩，淋巴细胞坏死，肝，肾，心细胞内线粒高度肿胀，嵴减少，断裂或消失成空泡。     

The Effect of Chitosan and Sodium Alginate on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Soybean

1　Introduction　　Sodium alginate and chitosan are the oceanic natural resources and high molecular com-pound which can promote the plant growth,and protect various plants from harmful organ-isms or prevent plant disease caused by harmful organisms( Makuuch,1 998and Hadwiger,etal. 1 983) .The two materials were used as coating materials,plant promoters,foliar sprayingin soil and so on( Mitchell,1 96 2 ;Brown,982 ;Cuero,1 991 ,Osuji,1 992 ) .Because the two ma-terials are degradable in soil …     

Changes in meat texture of three varieties of squid in the early stage of cold storage

ABSTRACT: The present study examined the changes in texture and protein components during cold storage of different squid varieties. Raw oval squid, Japanese common squid and arrow squid were sliced fresh and the muscles were stored at 4°C for 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 120 h. The rheological measurements, protein components and amounts of collagen were examined. The adhesiveness of each squid increased significantly in the early stage of cold storage. In all varieties, penetration decreased at 4 h, which is considered to be rigor mortis, then increased. The amounts of total collagen, 20°C water-soluble collagen and 70°C water-soluble collagen did not change significantly in each variety during cold storage. Sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) pattern showed that the 580 kDa component gradually disappeared up to 48 h. The correlations between the amounts of 580 kDa component and adhesiveness or firmness were high. Models of fit based on chemical kinetics accurately expressed the behavior of adhesiveness, firmness and penetration showing that 63.2% of adhesiveness changes occurred in 13–19 h and that 63.2% of firmness changes occurred in 18–24 h.     

电针对大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素致肠水、钠分泌的拮抗作用

新生仔猪下痢是严重危害养猪业的常见病、多发病,而肠致病性大肠杆菌产生的肠毒素特别是热敏肠毒素(Heat-Labileenterotoxin,LT)则是导致幼畜腹泻的直接致病因子。在兽医临床上,由于广泛使用抗菌药物治疗仔猪下痢,大肠杆菌对这些药物普遍地产生了耐药性,致使临床疗效越来越差。针灸疗法是我国传统医学的宝贵遗产,已有不少文献报道了针灸对哺乳仔猪下痢良好的防治效果,但有关针灸防治仔猪下痢机理的研究则相对滞后。为此,本试验应用兔回肠结扎实验动物模型观察了电针刺激对大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素致肠水、钠分泌的拮抗作用,以便为针灸防治…     

Microbial and Enzyme Activities of Saline and Sodic Soils

Salinization and sodication are abiotic soil factors, important hazards to soil fertility and consequently affect the crop production. Soil salinization is of great concern for irrigated agriculture in arid and semi‐arid regions of the world; sodicity is characterized by an excessively high concentration of sodium (Na) in their cation exchange system. In recent times, attention has been turned to study the impacts of these factors (salinity and sodicity) on soil microbial activities. Microbial activities play central role in degradation and decomposition of soil organic matter, mineralization of nutrients and stabilization of soil aggregates. To understand the ecology of soil system, therefore, it is important to be conversant with the soil microbial activities, which show quick response to little change in the soil environment. Microbial activities (generally measured as C–N dynamics, soil respiration–basal respiration, or CO₂ emission), microbial abundance, microbial biomass, quotients (microbial and metabolic) and microbial community structure, and soil enzymes have been considered as potential indicators to assess the severity of the land degradation and the effectiveness of land use management. Therefore, it is important to synthesize the available information regarding microbial activities in use and management of salt‐affected soils. The reclamation and management of such soils and their physico‐chemical properties have been reviewed well in the literature. In this review, an attempt has been made to compile the current knowledge about the effects of soil salinization and sodication on microbial and enzyme activities and identify research gaps for future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.