三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净混用的联合作用

[目的]探讨三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净混用后的联合作用。[方法]以稗草、胜红蓟为供试材料,在温室盆栽条件下,采用Cowing法评价三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净混用后对稗草、胜红蓟的联合作用。[结果]三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净对稗草和胜红蓟的防治效果均随各自用药量的增加而提高,混用后的防效较各自单剂的防效大幅度提高。二者混用后对稗草的联合作用基本属于增效作用。对胜红蓟属于相加作用。[结论]二者混用用于甘蔗田除草,可以优势互补,减少各自的用量,降低三氟啶磺隆钠盐的使用成本和药害,扩大杀草谱,具有广阔的市场前景。该研究为三氟啶磺隆钠盐与莠灭净合理混用提供了科学依据。     

亚硒酸钠在低硒籽鹅体内药物代谢动力学的研究

研究亚硒酸钠在低硒籽鹅体内的药物代谢动力学,为临床合理地用药预防籽鹅缺硒病提供科学依据。选择1日龄健康籽鹅80只（公母各半）作试验动物,复制缺硒动物模型后,口服0.1%亚硒酸钠溶液,分别于投药后第0、1、2、4、8、12、24、48、72、96、144、192 h剖杀籽鹅,采取心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胰脏、肌胃、肌肉组织样品,应用2,3—二氨基萘荧光法测定各组织中的硒含量,应用MCPKP软件计算药动学参数。肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胰脏、肌胃均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,肌肉符合滞后一级吸收一室开放模型,心脏符合一级吸收一室开放模型。硒在肝脏中吸收最快,其次为心脏、肌胃、胰脏、肾脏、脾脏,肌肉吸收最慢;硒的消除都比较慢,最快的为肌肉,其次为心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胰脏、肌胃。亚硒酸钠在低硒籽鹅不同组织中吸收、分布和消耗时间不同,这主要是由于硒缺乏损伤了动物机体的某些组织器官所致。     

添加延胡索酸二钠对绵羊消化代谢的影响

[目的]粗料型日粮中添加延胡索酸二钠对绵羊消化代谢的影响.[方法]选用健康、体重年龄相近的中国美利奴细毛羊(新疆型)(公羊)18只,分为3组,每组6只,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组日粮中分别添加剂量为10和20 g/d的延胡索酸二钠,试验Ⅰ组不添加作为对照组,[结果]对照组绵羊的干物质采食量、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、钙、磷的消化量(g/d)分别为1 414.05±59.71、917.89±44.43、68.56±2.67、284.98±21.99、162.59±28.67、1.70±0.73、0.45±0.16,添加延胡索酸二钠10、20 g/d后分别增加了7.71;、13.98;,10.54;、21.4;,5.7;、15.45;,20.73;、33.37;,21.7;、27.79;,14.12;、23.53;、4.44;和13.33;.对照组绵羊有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、钙、磷的消化率分别为69.46±1.21、64.78±2.74、69.62±1.97、61.75±8.64、17.77±7.38、21.24±7.31(;),添加延胡索酸二钠10、20 g/d后分别增加了2.79;、6.74;,1.42;、6.47;,8.17;、9.78;,12.23;、11.71;,7.99;、11.37;、1.65;和8.8;.对照组绵羊日增重、氮、钙和磷保留量(g/d)分别为123.19±65.46、7.08±0.35、1.19±0.72、0.43±0.16,添加延胡索酸二钠10、20 g/d后分别增加了26.46;、29.40;,5.65;、11.86;,23.53;、41.18;和6.98;、16.28;.[结论]在绵羊日粮中添加两种水平的延胡索酸二钠均可不同程度地提高绵羊采食量,提高绵羊对干物质、有机物、纤维素、半纤维素的消化量,增加氮、钙、磷保留量和日增重,添加量为20 g/d时可显著提高绵羊对干物质、有机物和纤维素的消化率,但两种水平的延胡索酸二钠对钙、磷代谢无显著影响.     

葡萄糖酸亚铁固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺研究

[目的]探索葡萄糖酸亚铁固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法。[方法]采用两步W/O/W乳化方式制备葡萄糖酸亚铁固体脂质纳米粒(SLN)。以包埋率为指标,研究内外相、油水相体积比,卵磷脂浓度对SLN包埋率的影响。[结果]试验确定当内相中水相与油相的体积比为0.2,外水相与内相乳状液的体积比为5∶1,卵磷脂浓度为5%时,SLN的包埋率取得最大值,为52.48%。在内水相引入海藻酸钠(1∶2,W/W)的结果表明,SLN的包埋率增大,为59.03%,粒径、Zeta电位和多分散系数发生变化。体外释放试验表明,SLN能起到保护葡萄糖酸亚铁经受胃酸环境的作用,并在模拟肠液中表现为突释的释放效果。[结论]固体脂质纳米粒对葡萄糖酸亚铁有较好的保护及释放效果,可为无机铁补充剂的生产提供新的技术手段。     

艾叶叶绿素锌钠盐的制备及其稳定性研究

以艾叶(Artemisia argyi)为原料,通过超声波辅助提取得到叶绿素,经皂化、酸化、锌代等过程,制得叶绿素锌钠盐,并对其稳定性进行了初探。结果表明,该产品的水溶性较好,具有较好的耐热性,对氧化剂、还原剂不敏感,在p H为5~11的环境中均较稳定,但在光照条件下稳定性差。几种常见的食品添加剂和一些金属离子对叶绿素锌钠盐的影响小,但Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)、Al~(3+)、柠檬酸和维生素C对叶绿素锌钠盐的稳定性有较大影响。     

2种复合涂膜保鲜剂对哈密瓜软化生理的影响

以1.5%羧甲基壳聚糖和1.5%海藻酸钠为原料制备2种复合涂膜保鲜剂,对哈密瓜进行涂膜贮藏试验,通过测定哈密瓜的硬度、电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、果胶酶(PG)、纤维素酶以及脂氧合酶(LOX)等指标,分析2种复合涂膜保鲜剂对延缓哈密瓜软化的效果。结果表明:贮藏35 d时海藻酸钠组和羧甲基壳聚糖组的的硬度分别为0.80和0.71 kg/cm~2,MDA含量为别为1.82和4.80 U/mg,PG活性分别为2.61和3.44U/mg,纤维素酶活性分别为3.92和3.83 U/mg,LOX酶含量分别为5.13和5.74 U/mg。2种复合涂膜都能保持较高的果实硬度,降低哈密瓜的电导率,维持较低的PG酶和纤维素酶活性,降低LOX酶活性,抑制哈密瓜果实软化。     

A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification,Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation

Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have many biological activities and significant applications in prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and plant growth development. Alginate lyases have unique advantages in the preparation of AOS. However, only a limited number of alginate lyases have been so far reported to have potentials in the preparation of AOS with specific degrees of polymerization. Here, an alginate-degrading strain Pseudoalteromonas arctica M9 was isolated from Sargassum, and five alginate lyases were predicted in its genome. These putative alginate lyases were expressed and their degradation products towards sodium alginate were analyzed. Among them, AlyM2 mainly generated trisaccharides, which accounted for 79.9% in the products. AlyM2 is a PL6 lyase with low sequence identity (≤28.3%) to the characterized alginate lyases and may adopt a distinct catalytic mechanism from the other PL6 alginate lyases based on sequence alignment. AlyM2 is a bifunctional endotype lyase, exhibiting the highest activity at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 0.5 M NaCl. AlyM2 predominantly produces trisaccharides from homopolymeric M block (PM), homopolymeric G block (PG), or sodium alginate, with a trisaccharide production of 588.4 mg/g from sodium alginate, indicating its promising potential in preparing trisaccharides from these polysaccharides.     

Net mineral requirements for growth of Saanen goat kids in early life are similar among genders

The current mineral requirements for growing goat kids are based on sheep and cattle studies without differentiating between the stages of development or gender. The aims of this study were to determine the net requirements for growth of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K of Saanen goat kids during the initial stages of growth and to analyse the effect of gender on the net requirements for growth of these macrominerals. Eighteen female, 19 intact male and 10 castrated male Saanen goat kids were studied. The kids were selected applying a completely randomized design and slaughtered when their body weight (BW) reached approximately 5, 10 and 15 kg to determine the mineral requirements for growth at these stages. The net mineral requirements for growth were similar among genders. The goat kids had slightly increased net requirements of Ca, P and Mg for growth with increasing BW from 5 to 15 kg. The net requirements for growth of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K ranged from 9.61 to 9.67 g/kg of BW gain, 7.14 to 7.56 g/kg of BW gain, 0.34 to 0.37 g/kg of BW gain, 1.26 to 1.13 g/kg of BW gain, 1.88 to 1.82 g/kg of BW gain as the animals grew from 5 to 15 kg respectively. In conclusion, when formulating diets for Saanen goat kids in early growth stage mineral levels do not need to adjusted based on gender.     

不同硒源对肥育猪背最长肌和血清中抗氧化指标的影响

试验选用72头(61.32±1.14)kg杜长大肥育猪,随机分成3个处理,每个处理4个重复(栏),每个栏6头猪。3个处理分别饲喂基础日粮+0.30 mg/kg亚硒酸钠、基础日粮+0.30 mg/kg酵母硒Ⅰ、基础日粮+0.30 mg/kg酵母硒Ⅱ。正试试验期6周。试验结束后从每个重复选择体重基本一致的试验猪各1头,前腔静脉采血后屠宰取背最长肌,测定肌肉和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力、总过氧化物歧化酶活力、丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力。结果表明:与亚硒酸钠相比,酵母硒Ⅱ提高了血清和肌肉中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和总过氧化物歧化酶活力活力(P<0.05),降低了丙二醛水平(P<0.05),显著提高了血清的总抗氧化能力(P<0.05)。     

Hypernatremia secondary to homemade play dough ingestion in dogs: a review of 14 cases from 1998 to 2001

Objective: To correlate the sodium chloride dosage and the serum sodium concentration to clinical signs, to determine if the dosage of homemade play dough (and, therefore, sodium chloride) is the most reliable way to predict clinical signs and prognosis, and to review previously reported treatment options. Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Fourteen dogs with a history of homemade play dough ingestion. Procedure: Cases were examined for each animal's signalment including body weight, age, approximate amount of play dough ingested, the estimated sodium chloride dosage, clinical signs, serum sodium concentration, and outcome when available. The literature was reviewed to determine pathophysiology and treatment regimens. Results: Twelve of 14 dogs (86%) that ingested homemade play dough showed clinical signs. Vomiting (9 of 14, 64%), polydipsia, and seizures (4 of 14 each, 29%) were the most common signs followed by polyuria, tremors (3 of 14 each, 21%), and hyperthermia (2 of 14, 14%). The lowest calculated dosage associated with objective clinical signs was 1.9 g/kg. Seizures were reported in all animals with serum sodium levels greater than 180 mEq/L. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Homemade play dough ingestion can be a serious and life‐threatening problem. Many factors can contribute to the toxicity of homemade play dough. This study indicates that the serum sodium concentration is a more reliable indicator of the clinical course of the toxicity rather than the amount of play dough and, therefore, the dosage of sodium chloride ingested. Treatment should be based on a clinical evaluation of the patient and laboratory results, and consists of controlling seizures, reducing serum sodium concentrations slowly, and supportive care.