Perinatal hypoxia induces subsequent retinal degeneration in the offspring of ovoviviparous fish, Xiphophorous maculates

OBJECTIVE: This experiment evaluated the perinatal hypoxic effect on the retina of offspring of the ovoviviparous fish. ANIMAL STUDIED: The ovoviviparous fish Xiphophorous maculates was used for the experiment. PROCEDURE: The mothers were kept in a hypoxic environment of 3.5% oxygen for 6 h, starting 30 h before hatching. Subsequently, the retinae of the offspring were fixed, sectioned at 6 microm and evaluated microscopically from the age of 1 to 35 days. RESULTS: Degeneration of the outer nuclear layer of the retina was noted on the 3rd day and severe retinal degeneration was observed on the 35th day. Immunocytochemistry confirmed apoptosis by TUNEL reaction. There was no difference in neovascularization, as revealed by vascular endothelial growth factor, between controls (group 1) and hypoxic fish (group 2). CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal hypoxia could have long-lasting effects on the central nervous system in some species.     

黄嘌呤氧化酶传感器的研制及其对鱼鲜度的检测

将黄嘌呤氧化酶以共价连接法固定于二醋酸纤维素薄膜上，制成的酶膜与极谱式氧电极共同组成对次黄嘌呤进行定量测定的黄嘌呤氧化酶传感器。该传感器测定范围为１０～１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ，响应时间１０ｓ，不同浓度次黄嘌呤标准溶液对传感器１０ｓ响应值的相关系数为γ＝－０．９９６６，次黄嘌呤标准溶液重复测定６０次（１０ｓ响应值）的变异系数为ＣＶ＝０．３０３％。应用该传感器与分光光度法对鱼体次黄嘌呤含量进行了测定比较，二者具有良好的相关性。     

Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Piscicidal Plants and Their Utilization in Aquaculture

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Acacia pennata (bark), Catunaregam uliginosa (fruit), Diospyros lenceofolia (fruit), and Sapindus mukorossi (fruit) were evaluated as piscicides on the freshwater fish Danio dangila, Danio rerio, and Puntius shalynius, and the air-breathing Heteropneustes fossilis. Catunaregam uliginosa (fruit) possessed relatively higher piscicidal potency followed by Sapindus mukorossi (fruit), Acacia pennata (bark), and lastly Diospyros lanceofolia (fruit). Catunaregam uliginosa can thus be used for eradicating unwanted wild fishes in a short time span at low concentrations so that the health of aquatic environment is maintained.     

Occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. in ornamental fish in Italy

The occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. in freshwater and marine ornamental fish was studied in Italy from June 2002 to May 2005. Two surveys were carried out, one of aquarium fish sent to the Laboratory for diagnosis, and the other of prevalence of infection by mycobacteria in ornamental fish imported into Italy. Bacterial isolation was carried out from the spleen, kidney and liver, and the isolates were subsequently identified by biochemical tests. In the first survey, 387 fish were examined and Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from 181 (46.8%) fish. In the second survey 127 batches of ornamental fish from different countries were examined. Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from 38 (29.9%) batches. The following species were found: M. fortuitum, M. peregrinum, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. marinum, M. gordonae, M. nonchromogenicum and M. interjectum. There was a high prevalence of infection independent of the presence of macroscopic lesions. Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. chelonae were more prevalent than M. marinum in the samples examined.     

鱼类弹状病毒分子生物学研究动态

鱼类弹状病毒(Fish rhabdovirus)是一类引起鱼及其他水生动物致死性和流行性病害的重要病毒病原。对鱼类弹状病毒基因组的结构和功能研究,是深入探讨这类病毒感染和致病机理、研制病毒疫苗及诊断试剂的理论基础。本文就鱼类弹状病毒的基因组结构,包括N基因、P基因、M基因、G基因、NV基因、L基因及编码的相应蛋白、3′前导区和5′拖尾区、基因连接区等的组成及功能的研究进展作一综述,旨为抗病毒疫苗的研制及建立准确高效的检测方法提供借鉴。     

构建VED-SegNet分割模型提取鱼类表型比例

为提高鱼类表型分割精度和准确度,实现鱼类表型智能监测,该研究基于深度学习算法构建了VED-SegNet模型用于鱼类表型分割和测量。该模型将cross stage partial network和GSConv结合作为编码器（VoV-GSCSP）,保持足够精度的同时降低网络结构复杂性。另一方面,该模型采用EMA(efficient multi-scale attention module with cross-spatial learning)建立强化结构,加强编码器和解码器之间的信息传递,提高模型精度,并实现了8个表型类别的输出。采用自建的鱼类表型分割数据集对VED-SegNet模型进行了测试,测量结果中鱼类各表型比例与实际测量值相接近,表型最大平均绝对和平均相对误差为0.39%、11.28%,能实现无接触式提取水产养殖中鱼类表型比例。对比其他常见语义分割模型,平均交并比mean intersection over union,mIoU和平均像素准确率mean pixel accuracy,m PA最高,分别到达了87.92%、92.83%。VED-SegNet模型在环境复杂、多鱼重叠的...     

海上风机与养殖网箱融合系统中网箱系泊绳张力与导管架基础结构安全性研究

海洋牧场与海上风电融合发展是现代渔业和清洁能源产业融合发展的典型代表,能够构建“海上粮仓+清洁能源”的新产业模式。本文基于福建漳浦六鳌海上风电场风机导管架构建养殖网箱与海上风机融合系统,运用Aqua-FE?有限元工具探究极端波流条件下不同网箱布设深度、波流入射角、生物附着程度对网箱系泊绳张力的影响;采用海洋工程专用设计软件SACS,计算分析风机导管架结构在波流及网箱系泊绳张力作用下的应力分布,评估养殖网箱系泊绳张力对风机导管架基础结构安全性的影响。结果表明,网箱布设深度的增加能够减少网箱系泊绳最大张力,显著改善网箱风机整体结构受力状态;波流入射角的改变对于网箱风机整体结构安全性影响不大;网衣生物附着程度的增加会显著增加网箱系泊绳最大张力,从而造成风机导管架基础杆件大量失效。综上所述,养殖网箱可布设于适当水深以减少受力,同时应及时清理附着生物,适当增加网箱系泊点附近的导管架杆件和导管架底部桩土点杆件的壁厚,以确保养殖网箱与海上风机融合系统结构安全。该结果可为深入研究网箱与风机融合系统的受力,评估该系统的安全性,优化设计养殖网箱与风机融合系统提供数据支撑。     

黄颡鱼毒棘结构研究

黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）是较为典型的淡水刺毒鱼类,本研究结合宏观毒棘骨骼标本制作和微观组织切片等方法,深入探究黄颡鱼的毒棘结构。研究结果表明,黄颡鱼的胸鳍和背鳍均具有尖锐的倒刺棘骨,棘骨外包围着皮膜,皮膜拥有能分泌毒液的毒腺细胞,它们共同组成了黄颡鱼毒棘装置。毒棘骨骼宏观结构表明,黄颡鱼的背鳍和胸鳍毒棘均具有贯穿全棘骨的中央管和包围棘骨的皮膜;背鳍棘骨细长、锥形,且轻微拱起,顶部骤尖,后缘为弱锯齿;胸鳍棘骨前后缘均有锯齿,但后缘为强锯齿。背鳍和胸鳍毒棘基部结构的髁突形状、大小、位置全然不同。微观结构显示,皮膜中的毒腺细胞聚集成层,位于鳞状上皮与色素层之间,未见导管与之相连,背鳍和胸鳍毒棘的分支性骨管中均未发现毒腺细胞。胸鳍和背鳍锁紧装置可让毒棘保持倒伏或者直立的锁定状态,降低猎物挣脱几率。本研究可深入了解黄颡鱼的毒棘结构和特征,增强人们对刺毒鱼类的认知,同时为淡水刺毒鱼类深入研究奠定基础。