Argonaute蛋白在植物逆境胁迫响应中的功能

Argonaute(AGO)蛋白是生物体中普遍存在的一类相对分子质量较大(约105)、成员数量众多的蛋白,该家族在不同物种中高度保守,由可变N端、PAZ、MID和PIWI等结构域组成.AGOs通过与不同的sRNA形成复合体参与植物生长发育、形态建成、细胞增殖凋亡、病毒防御、逆境响应等多种生物过程.综述了植物AGO家族的...     

Effects of testosterone on rat placental development

We investigated the morphological effects of testosterone on placental development in a rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Testosterone propionate (TP), which was subcutaneously administered to pregnant rats with 5 mg/animal from gestation day (GD) 14 to GD 18, induced a maternal weight reduction without mortality or clinical signs from GD 19 onwards. A decrease in fetal and placental weight, an increase in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) rates, and histological changes in the placenta were observed on GD 21 but not on GD15 or 17. Histopathologically, on GD 21, the trophoblast septa thickened, and the maternal sinusoids were narrowed in the labyrinth zone, resulting in a small placenta. Additionally, the placental weight, thickness, and histological morphology in the labyrinth zone on GD 21 in the TP-treated group were nearly identical to those on GD 17 in the control and TP-treated groups. Therefore, it was assumed that the testosterone-induced small placenta was induced in association with the developmental inhibition of the fetal part of the placentas from GD 17 onwards.     

PBL模式《小动物透明标本制作与技术改良》建设与教学探索

《小动物透明标本制作与技术改良》课程引入国际流行的PBL(Problem based learning)教学模式,通过教师引导,学生自主学习、讨论制定实验方案,主动动手操作,并总结汇报实验成果的教学流程,探讨小动物透明标本的制作方法及技术改良手段,以及创新性实验课程的开设模式.教学实践表明:基于PBL的实验教学模式不仅...     

假眼小绿叶蝉与其天敌的空间关系及最佳样方确定

为了分析在聚块大小不同时天敌对假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis Gothe空间上跟随关系的密切程度、聚集原因和聚集范围,为评价假眼小绿叶蝉的天敌优势种提供科学依据,用聚块样方方差分析法、灰色关联度法、空间聚集强度指数、种群聚集均数法和ρ指数法对安徽省合肥市‘乌牛早’和‘白毫早’茶园不同大小聚块条件下的假眼小绿叶蝉及其7种蜘蛛类的天敌空间关系进行分析。假眼小绿叶蝉与其7种蜘蛛类天敌均方差峰值时的聚块样方数的关联度分析结果表明:‘乌牛早’茶园中与假眼小绿叶蝉空间上跟随关系密切的前四种天敌依次是茶色新圆蛛Neoscona theisi(0.753 5)、八斑球腹蛛Theridion octomaculatum(0.720 1)、锥腹肖蛸Tetragnatha maxillosa(0.681 3)和草间小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum(0.644 2)。‘白毫早’茶园中与假眼小绿叶蝉空间上跟随关系密切的前四种天敌依次是粽管巢蛛Clubiona japonicola(0.823 5)、鳞纹肖蛸Tetragnatha squamata(0.800 9)、锥腹肖蛸(0.794 2)和茶色新圆蛛(0.794 2)。两种茶园前四种天敌中相同的天敌是茶色新圆蛛和锥腹肖蛸。假眼小绿叶蝉在聚块内基本样方数k为1、2、4、8时,随着聚块内基本样方数的增多,聚集分布格局时的扩散系数C不断增大,均匀和随机格局时扩散系数不断减小。聚块内基本样方数k为2、4、8时与k为1时的假眼小绿叶蝉的空间分布聚集程度差异均不显著。假眼小绿叶蝉的种群聚集均数λ多数情况均大于2,其聚集是该虫本身原因引起的,假眼小绿叶蝉在种群聚集均数λ为正值时,随着聚块内基本样方数的增加,则种群聚集均数λ不断增大。用假眼小绿叶蝉不同大小聚块的ρ指数判断个体群聚集时的最小范围是聚块中有1个基本样方,即本文的4 m~2。该研究为该虫抽样时确定样方大小提供了科学依据。     

温度胁迫下沙葱萤叶甲小热激蛋白基因GdHsp20.6的克隆及表达分析

为明确小热激蛋白在沙葱萤叶甲Galeruca daurica应对温度胁迫中的作用,采用PCR方法克隆沙葱萤叶甲小热激蛋白基因Hsp20（GdHsp20.6）完整的开放阅读框（open reading frame,ORF）序列,应用在线软件对GdHsp20.6基因进行生物信息学分析,通过原核表达技术诱导表达及纯化其编码蛋白,并通过实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR）技术分析不同温度胁迫下GdHsp20.6基因的表达量。结果显示,GdHsp20.6基因ORF序列长度为543 bp,编码180个氨基酸,预测分子量为20.6 kD,无跨膜区和信号肽。GdHsp20.6氨基酸序列有高度保守的α-结构域。GdHsp20.6氨基酸序列与其它鞘翅目昆虫的Hsp20氨基酸序列有较高的一致性,其中与花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides的Hsp20.99氨基酸序列的一致性最高,为63%。GdHsp20.6基因在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）细胞系中成功表达,经异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷（isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside,IPTG）诱导后GdHsp20.6蛋白成功表达,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）和Western-blot分析表明融合蛋白大小与预测大小一致,并纯化获得了纯度较高的目的蛋白GdHsp20.6。低温（-10~5℃）和高温（35~40℃）处理1 h以及处理后25℃恢复30 min均能诱导GdHsp20.6基因表达上调,并且0℃处理30~120 min也能诱导GdHsp20.6基因表达上调。表明GdHsp20.6基因在沙葱萤叶甲应对低温和高温胁迫中可能起着重要作用。     

siRNA干涉禽流感病毒PA基因在鸡胚成纤维细胞中的表达

用阳离子脂体质转染试剂将人工合成的小干扰RNA(Small interference RNA,siRNA)转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF).结果表明,针对禽流感病毒(AIV)H5N1亚型核蛋白(NP)基因的siRNA能在AIV感染后1,2,3 h显著抑制NP基因的表达,表达水平分别降低3,1.4和2.5倍.     

固定样地用于中分辨率遥感影像解译精度的研究

在总结了中国森林资源连续清查体系现状的基础上,以吉林省第7次森林资源连续清查固定样地资料和吉林省TM遥感影像为基础,对固定样地调查结果与遥感影像分类结果进行了对比,并采用点对点匹配法,分析了固定样地作为遥感影像解译标志时的精度.结果表明,采用固定样地调查与遥感影像分类调查森林资源总体精度较高,森林覆盖率误差仅为-1.04%,而点对点匹配检验时森林类型误差达到52.99%.     

小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响及其在低温胁迫下的抗氧化应激效应

本试验分为生长试验和低温胁迫试验2部分.先分别投喂大黄鱼(Larimichthys cro-cea)仔鱼经不同浓度(0、0.5、1.0、2.0和3.0 mL/m3)小肽营养强化后的轮虫和卤虫12 d,以探讨小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响;再将大黄鱼仔鱼暴露在温度为12℃的水体中24 h,以探讨小肽对低温胁迫下大黄...     

Assessing spillover from marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐analytical approach

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the fisheries benefits remain debateable. Many MPAs include a fully protected area (FPA), restricting all activities, within a partially protected area (PPA) where potentially sustainable activities are permitted. An effective tool for biodiversity conservation, FPAs, can sustain local fisheries via spillover, that is the outward export of individuals from FPAs. Spillover refers to both: “ecological spillover”: outward net emigration of juveniles, subadults and/or adults from the FPA; and “fishery spillover”: the fraction of ecological spillover that directly benefits fishery yields and revenues through fishable biomass. Yet, how common is spillover remains controversial. We present a meta‐analysis of a unique global database covering 23 FPAs worldwide, using published literature and purposely collected field data, to assess the capacity of FPAs to export biomass and whether this response was mediated by specific FPA features (e.g. size, age) or species characteristics (e.g. mobility, economic value). Results show fish biomass and abundance outside FPAs was higher: (a) in locations close to FPA borders (<200 m) than further away (>200 m); (b) for species with a high commercial value; and (c) in the presence of PPA surrounding the FPA. Spillover was slightly higher in FPAs that were larger and older and for more mobile species. Based on the broadest data set compiled to date on marine species ecological spillover beyond FPAs' borders, our work highlights elements that could guide strategies to enhance local fishery management using MPAs.     

城市静态小水体生态修复措施与生态服务价值评估研究

城市静态小水体污染是城市环境污染的重要问题之一。针对城市静态小水体的特点,依据稳态转换理论和生物操纵理论,形成适应于城市静态小水体的生态修复措施,并运用于武汉市青山区倒口湖水生态修复工程。工程实施后湖水水质得到明显改善,其中,水体透明度由0.2~0.4m提高至1.0~1.5m,溶解氧浓度由1.82~2.35mg/L上升至5.21~6.28mg/L,CODMn浓度由14.96~16.3mg/L降低至3.56~5.01mg/L,TN浓度由2.61~2.99mg/L降至1.27~1.6mg/L,TP浓度由0.43~0.62mg/L降至0.06~0.12mg/L。进一步对倒口湖水生态系统的供给、调节、文化以及支持4方面的服务价值进行评估,通过对水生态系统服务价值评价指标计算得出,工程实施前后水生态系统服务价值分别为299.34万元和645.62万元,新增服务价值346.28万元。在增量价值中固碳释氧、净化水质指标占比最大,表明在水生系统动植物的协同作用下,倒口湖的水质条件得到明显改善。