尿素-SDS—PAGE测定小分子多肽相对分子质量方法的建立

试验旨在建立一种简易快速测定小分子多肽相对分子质量的SDS—PAGE电泳方法。通过改进分离胶交联度为6％,丙烯酰胺总浓度为15％,并加入6％的尿素,对所测得的多肽相对分子质量进行线性回归分析。结果表明,得到的标准曲线线性相关系数R2达到0．9938,测得条带的相对分子质量分别为9．2129kD,建立的方法操作简单、耗时短,且小分子多肽成像清晰,是一种具有很高实用价值的测定方法。     

江西省中小河流治理规划研究

分析了江西省中小河流防洪现状及存在的问题,介绍了江西中小河流治理规划及实施的情况,最后就加快中小河流治理提出了建议。     

用小RNA深度测序鉴定广西冬种马铃薯病毒

【目的】对广西冬种马铃薯病毒进行鉴定,为无病毒种薯选择和大田防治提供依据。【方法】2012年在马铃薯主要产区采集具有明显病毒病症状的样品,在血清学ELISA检测的基础上,进一步用小RNA深度测序对按症状分类的样品进行混合样本的病毒种类鉴定,再用RT-PCR方法对分组混合样本进行验证。【结果】在109个样本中检测到马铃薯卷叶病毒（Potato leafroll virus,PLRV）、马铃薯A病毒（Potato virus A,PVA）、马铃薯H病毒（Potato virus H,PVH）、马铃薯M病毒（Potato virus M,PVM）、马铃薯S病毒（Potato virus S,PVS）、马铃薯Y病毒（Potato virus Y,PVY）和马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒（Potato spindle tuber viroid,PSTVd）,同时发现PVS有丰富的株系分化。【结论】近年广西冬种马铃薯病毒种类增多,病症多样,亟需加强种薯管理,培育无毒健康种薯。     

皖南古村落旅游小企业经营特征研究

经营特征一直是旅游小企业领域的主要研究内容之一,已有成果较少探讨古村落景区旅游小企业经营特征的形成因素。通过对皖南古村落旅游小企业的调查,总结归纳旅游小企业的经营特征。研究发现,旅游小企业经营特征的形成是地理区位和历史传统、古村落文化、市场需求、管理机构变迁、旅游发展等多重因素共同作用的结果。研究结论有助于古村落目的地旅游小企业可持续发展。     

功能性特色小果型西瓜新品种引进筛选试验

引进国内育成的功能性特色小果型西瓜新品种9个,于2012-2013年在宁夏贺兰日光温室种植进行品种比较试验,鉴定其早熟性、果实品质、丰产性、适应性等性状。试验表明,中兴红1号、小宝无籽、绿野无籽、金兰无籽等4个功能性西瓜品种和黄皮红瓤品种华晶3号综合性状优于对照,适合在宁夏日光温室种植。     

Oscillation of Three Phosphorus Forms and Suspended Solids Content from 1999 to 2007 in a Spanish Agroforestry Catchment under Atlantic Climate

Phosphorus (P) transfers may accelerate water eutrophication to waters. Increasing awareness of the role of diffuse P sources motivates land managers in different regions of Europe to undertake conservation programs that place emphasis not only on soil conservation but also on water quality and eutrophication risk. Fertilizer applications and wastes are the main sources of dissolved P in Galicia and in the Atlantic regions of Spain. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal changes in concentration of total P (TP), sedimentary P (SP), and total dissolved P (TDP) and suspended solids at the outlet of an agroforestry catchment located in northwestern Spain. The study datasets range from January 1999 to December 2007, with 992 water samples collected. The water-collection strategy was a stratified point sampling involving more frequent collections when flow was high. Phosphorus contents were assessed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)–mass spectroscopy (MS), and suspended solids were measured by filtration. The content ranges of the different studied P forms and suspended solids were as follows: TDP between 1 and 672 mg L^?1, SP between 1 and 1064 mg L^?1, TP between 1 and 1111 mg L^?1, and suspended solids between 1 and 1044 mg L^?1. A few events of intense precipitation with peaks of TP greater than 200 mg L^?1 and in some cases even more than 1000 mg L^?1 were responsible for most of the P losses in the catchment studied. TP and SP, TP and suspended solids, and SP and suspended solids showed highly significant correlations during the entire study period, evidencing the erosive origin of P in this catchment.     

鄱阳湖流域降水量变化对水沙演变影响研究

利用鄱阳湖流域"五大"入湖河流控制水文站实测水沙资料,探讨了鄱阳湖流域1961—2006年水沙变化特征及其演变趋势,在此基础上应用线性回归分析方法揭示了鄱阳湖流域水沙演变过程对流域降水的响应。研究结果表明,1961—2006年鄱阳湖流域降水量和入湖径流量总体略呈上升趋势,降水日数呈下降趋势,表明降水强度增加、降水时间分布不均匀更加明显。鄱阳湖流域降水和径流基本符合幂函数关系。相关分析结果显示,鄱阳湖入湖泥沙总量和径流量、降水量、降水强度均具有很好的正相关关系,水体中的泥沙含量和径流系数具有很好的负相关性,说明流域降水量和降水强度均对流域产沙量和输沙量有促进作用;流域月降水量与月输沙量基本符合幂函数关系,进一步说明了流域产沙量是降水量和降水强度综合作用的结果。     

Predicting Maize Yield,Nutrient Concentration,and Uptake in Phosphorus- and Potassium-Fertilized Soils: Pressurized Hot Water and Other Alternatives to Mehlich I Extraction in Guatemala Soils

Abstract

Poor accessibility and cost of soil testing reduce effectiveness of fertilizer use on small‐scale subsistence farms, and inadequate funding promotes adoption of soil tests in developing countries with minimal validation. For example, Mehlich I extraction of phosphorus (P) currently used extensively in Guatemala may not be suitable for Guatemala's broad range of soils. At least four alternatives are available but relatively untested [Bray 1, Mehlich III, Olsen, and pressurized hot water (PHW)]. Pressurized hot water is relatively simple and inexpensive but is not yet tested against other extraction methods under variable P or potassium (K) fertilization levels. To determine whether PHW‐extracted nutrients could be used to predict maize yield and nutrient concentration and uptake, soil, plant tissue and grain samples were obtained from a multiple‐site field study, and calibration studies were conducted using five rates of P and three rates of K on soils incubated without plants or cropped with maize in greenhouse and field conditions. In the multiple‐site field study, maize yield related significantly to PHW‐extractable P (r²=0.36) and to leaf P concentration (r²=0.23), but Mehlich I–extractable P did not. In the two soils used in the greenhouse study, maize yield, vegetative P concentration, and total P uptake by maize were predicted by PHW‐extractable P (R²=0.72, 0.75, and 0.90, respectively). In the field experiment, grain yield was not improved by P or K application, but P concentration of maize leaf tissue did relate significantly with PHW‐extracted P (R²=0.40). Mehlich I did not. There were no yield responses to K application in any experiment, but relationships defined between extractable K for all five K‐extraction procedures and soil‐applied K were similarly significant. In comparison, PHW was as good as or better than Olsen whereas Bray 1 and Mehlich III were less consistent. Mehlich I was overall the poorest P extractant. Mehlich I extraction of P should be replaced by one of the four alternatives tested. PHW is the least expensive and, therefore, most viable for use in Guatemala soils.     

密云县蛇鱼川小流域地表水水质变化的规律

为了向生态清洁小流域建设、水源保护及生态环境建设提供理论依据,以北京市密云县蛇鱼川小流域地表水近5年监测资料为基础,分析评价小流域河流水质时间、空间变化及湖库水质时间变化规律,并对流域水质总体情况进行评价.监测结果表明:1)河流水体NH3-N质量浓度冬春季变化较大,夏季中期以后质量浓度比较稳定.2)TN、TP和CODMn冬春季质量浓度较低,夏季汛期质量浓度显著上升,秋季降雨结束后,各指标回落;在塘坝水质变化上,塘坝水体氨氮、总氮都呈现冬高夏低的规律,总磷和高锰酸钾指数在冬季和夏季质量浓度都较高;总体上流域地表水质除局部区域受到污染外,小流域地表水质良好,氨氮属Ⅰ ～Ⅱ级,总磷属Ⅱ级,高锰酸钾指数属Ⅱ～Ⅲ级.