The pharmacokinetics of a slow-release theophylline preparation in horses after intravenous and oral administration

The pharmacokinetics of a slow-release theophylline formulation was investigated following intravenous and oral administration at 10 mg/kg in horses. A tricompartmental model was selected to describe the intravenous plasma profile. The elimination half-life (t1/2) was 16.91 ± 0.93 h, the apparent volume of distribution (V _d) was 1.35 ± 0.18 L/kg and the body clearance (Cl_B) was 0.061 ± 0.009 L kg^–1 h. After oral administration the half-life of absorption was 1.24 ± 0.30 h, and the calculated bioavailability was above 100%. Thet1/2 after oral administration was 18.51 ± 1.75 h, only a little longer than that after intravenous administration. The slow release formulation did not exhibit any advantage in prolonging thet1/2 of theophylline in the horse.     

污水慢速渗滤土地处理系统的改进试验研究

传统的污水慢速渗滤土地处理系统以污水的深度处理和利用为主要目标，水力负荷较小。该试验对传统的土地处理系统进行改进，在土壤1 m深处设置排水系统，增大系统水力负荷。试验结果表明，在大水力负荷情况下，改进的污水慢速渗滤土地处理系统对污染物有较好地去除效果，出水水质优良。除总氮外各指标浓度均满足地面水环境Ⅲ类水域水质标准要求。     

起动机控制电路的改进

选用起动机转速信号为负反馈信号来控制起动机电压占空比,从而控制起动机通电电流的大小。设计出了起动机在起动时进入啮合前能够使起动机缓慢旋转的控制电路,保证起动机能够正常起动发动机。     

缓/控释氮素肥料对土壤生物学活性的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料对玉米苗期土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶活性、微生物生物量碳和氮的影响。结果表明:在玉米苗期,施用脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)涂层大颗粒尿素、硝化抑制剂(DCD)与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料对脲酶活性有显著的抑制作用,脲酶活性为48～50mgNH3-N·kg-1土·24h-1;施用DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料,硝酸还原酶活性最高,为1.43μgN·g-1土·24h-1,施用含有NBPT肥料对硝酸还原酶活性没有显著影响。玉米苗期施用NBPT涂层尿素肥料微生物量碳、氮含量最高,分别为241和57mg·kg-1土,NBPT对土壤微生物量没有产生负面影响。施用不同种缓/控释氮素肥料微生物量氮变化与微生物量碳一致,施用DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料微生物量氮与对照无显著差别,为50mg·kg-1土。施用DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素肥料,玉米苗期微生物固持氮素能力没有受到影响,同种膜材料包膜NBPT/DCD涂层尿素制成的控释氮肥,对土壤生物学活性影响明显强于直接包膜大颗粒尿素制成的控释氮肥的作用效果。不同种缓/控释肥料玉米苗期土壤生物学活性差异表明,丙烯酸树脂包膜尿素制成的控释氮肥,对氮素或抑制剂的控释效果显著好于醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素制成的控释氮肥。     

三系杂交粳稻发展缓慢的原因及对策

目前中国杂交粳稻的种植面积仅占粳稻总种植面积的3％。由于籼、粳亚种在感光性和适应性方面存在差异,BT型粳稻不育系与野败型籼稻不育系在不育性的稳定性和开花习性方面存在差异,以及常规粳稻育种发展迅速等原因,与杂交籼稻相比,杂交粳稻发展缓慢。为了促进杂交粳稻的发展,需要加大对杂交粳稻育种的经费资助和人力投入,加强对恢复系品质与产量的改良,加强多种不育细胞质源的利用研究,加强对不育系开花习性的改良,加强杂交粳稻亲本种子的保纯繁殖及加强生物技术与常规育种技术的结合。     

Flavonol Polymer Technology for Encapsulation of Liquid Phosphorus Fertilizers for Enabling A Slow-Release Process in Soil to Extend Usability and Reduce Leaching

A proprietary Flavonol Polymer Technology (FPT), designed by AgroLiquid, is an agent for encapsulating different chemistries on the polymer by impregnation to provide extended release of nutrients and optimize yield. Based on FPT, FPT-Product (Pro-Germinator®) a 9-24-3 (% N, % P₂O₅, and % K₂O w/w) manufactured to slow the phosphorus release process in soil and extends its usability by the plant. Phosphorus release was evaluated using micro-lysimeters installed in soil and used as a tool for the collection of the plant-usable phosphorus dissolved in the soil solution. A rate of 22 kg of P₂O₅/hectare of liquid formulations was banded in-furrow with four phosphorus liquid fertilizer treatments: (1) orthophosphate (9-18-9), (2) ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0), (3) FPT-Product (9-24-3), and (4) a control. In-field measurements were collected at 20–60 days after the application for two successive years (2015 and 2016). In both years, averages of measured dissolved phosphorus in the soil solution and exchangeable soil phosphorus at 10-cm soil depth, 20–60 days after planting reported higher values in the FPT-Product treatments while lower values were measured in the other treatments. The results proved that the FPT extended the release mechanism for phosphorus in the FPT-Product at 10 cm depth in the soil, and rendered phosphorus in both the soil and the solution to be used by plants for an extended period after corn planting.     

缓控释肥、复合肥对芹菜产量的效应初报

为促进"减量施肥"和缓控释肥在蔬菜上的推广应用,以缓控释肥、复合肥为试验材料,常规用肥(尿素+过磷酸钙+硫酸钾)作对照,采用随机区组试验方式,研究了2种肥料对芹菜农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明:缓控释肥可持续释放营养以满足芹菜对养分的需求,与常规用肥相比,每667 m²芹菜产量显著增加,达到6 261.47 kg,增产率为51.45%;单株鲜质量、干质量分别增加51.98%、50.8%,均达显著差异水平。复合肥效果不显著。     

花椰菜施用缓控释肥料效果分析

通过选用金正大控释肥料进行试验,探索缓控释肥料在花椰菜上的使用效果。结果表明施用金正大硫酸钾型控释肥80kg/667m2,能增加花椰菜产量,增加经济效益。     

浅圆仓“热皮冷芯”粮堆多点常缓施药试验

针对浅圆仓热皮冷芯的客观现实,对有害虫的储粮采用少量药剂多点常缓施药的方法,既有效地杀灭粮堆表层和上层的害虫,又充分利用粮堆热皮冷芯现象控制粮堆中心和下层虫害的生存,发挥热皮冷芯效应,确保储粮长期安全保管;同时也避免采用整仓环流熏蒸,因环流通风破坏了热皮冷芯效应,增大了药剂投放和粮堆中心粮温上升而带来储粮的安全隐患。通过多点常缓施药对浅圆仓热皮冷芯粮堆熏蒸的尝试,以期寻找更为科学合理的用药途径。     

吡喹酮缓释剂防制牛血吸虫病试验

应用吡喹酮缓释剂肌注(每mL含吡喹酮357mg)与吡喹酮粉剂口服分别对我省大邑、旌阳、芦山等县查出的84头血吸虫病病牛进行了治疗和观察.吡喹酮缓释剂组34头,共分为4组,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组,分别肌注15mL/头(共9头),20mL/头(共8头),25mL/头(共9头)及0.05mL/kg体重.粉剂口服组15头,水牛按25mg/kg体重,黄牛按30mg/kg体重;对照组35头,不用药物治疗.试验结果表明:缓释剂组可在3个月内有效地控制牛血吸虫病的重复感染.