Mechanochemical properties of ordinary and dark muscle myosins from seawater fish

Myosin was isolated from two types of muscle, ordinary and dark muscles, of three species of fish living in sea water. The compositions of light chains were visualized by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the mechanochemical activity was examined by in vitro motility and ATPase assays. Ordinary muscle myosin of either species had three species of light chain, whereas dark muscle myosin had another two species of light chain judged by SDS-PAGE. Sliding velocity of ordinary muscle myosin was in the range of 4.92–6.89 μm/S, whereas that of dark muscle myosin was in the range of 3.07–4.25 μm/s. Therefore, ordinary muscle myosin showed 1.26–1.95 times higher sliding velocity than dark muscle myosin in either species. The ratios of V_max of actin-activated Mg²⁺-ATPase activity of ordinary to dark muscle myosins were correlated quite well to the ratios of sliding velocity. Activity of ordinary muscle myosin was comparable to that of mammalian fast muscle myosin, but that of dark muscle myosin was twice of that of mammalian slow muscle myosin. These results may reflect the essential role of fish dark muscle myosin always used in slow cruising.     

小麦专用涂层缓释一次肥在冬小麦生产上的应用效果

为了明确小麦专用涂层缓释一次肥在冬小麦生产上的应用效果,分别在中水肥和中低水肥2种肥力的地块上,以施用普通化肥（尿素和磷酸二铵）为对照,研究了底施小麦专用涂层缓释一次肥对小麦长势、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明：施用小麦专用涂层缓释一次肥的小麦长势良好,秸秆粗壮,抗倒伏;中后期无需追肥也能满足小麦整个生育期的养分需求,省时省工;产量性状得到显著改善,籽粒产量和外观品质明显提高,增收节支合计收益高达2300元／hm2以上。小麦专用涂层缓释一次肥在小麦生产上有较好的应用效果和应用前景,可在生产上广泛推广应用。     

多酶金缓释尿素对土壤氮素形态和含量及油菜产量的影响

采用盆栽试验和室内分析化验相结合的方法,研究了多酶金缓释尿素对油菜田土壤氮素及油菜植株全氮含量、氮肥利用率和土壤氮素依存率的影响。结果表明,多酶金缓释尿素在石灰性褐土中抑制尿素水解显著有效作用时间在油菜移栽后20 d以内,20 d以后多酶金缓释尿素处理的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮分别为5.26,9.08,14.34 mg/kg,显著高于多酶金尿素和普尿;多酶金缓释尿素处理的土壤有机氮、全氮和植株全氮比多酶金尿素和普尿分别提高了13.55%,13.67%,9.85%和21.75%,21.82%,19.60%,且差异显著;多酶金缓释尿素处理的氮肥利用率最高,为45.19%,土壤氮素依存率和氮素损失最低,分别为40.13%和1.21 g/盆,而多酶金尿素处理的油菜产量比多酶金缓释尿素和普尿分别提高了5.38%,8.11%,这可能与肥料释放养分特点和油菜生长特性有关。     

金正大控释肥在葡萄上的应用效果研究

通过田间试验,研究金正大缓控释肥对葡萄产量、品质等方面的影响,结果表明:施用金正大缓控释肥,葡萄明显增产、品质改善,还能节约施肥用工,经济效益显著。     

仓底混合和仓顶缓释熏蒸筒仓试验

用磷化氢、二氧化碳仓外筒仓底部施药，并结合仓顶缓释投药熏蒸储粮进行试验。结果表明，在未用环流、通风设备等设施的情况下，采用此方法熏蒸高度20m以下的筒仓，可有效地防治储存小麦中的谷蠹RizoperthadominicaFabricius、玉米象SitophiluszeamaisMotschulusky等储粮害虫，具有投资少，操作简便，防治效果好等特点。     

In vitro conservation of tropical plant germplasm — a review

Summary In vitro medium term conservation of tropical plant germplasm is used routinely in many laboratories. Growth reduction is achieved by modifying various parameters, such as temperature, culture medium, gaseous environment. For long term conservation, cryopreservation (i.e. storage in liquid nitrogen, –196°C) is the only current method available. Each successive step of the process requires precise conditions which have to be defined for each material. Cryopreservation protocols have been set up for more than 40 tropical species. Results obtained with various culture systems such as cell suspensions, protoplasts, calluses, meristems and embryos are discussed. The first example of the large scale application of cryopreservation (oil palm somatic embryos) is presented.     

Genes conferring low seedling reaction to Mexican pathotypes of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici,and adult-plant responses of recent wheat cultivars from the former USSR

Fifty-five spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, mostly released between 1975 and 1991 in eight leaf rust-prone spring wheat growing regions of the former USSR, were tested in the seedling growth stage for reaction to 15 Mexican pathotypes of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici. In total, seven known and at least two unknown genes were identified, either singly or in combinations: Lr3 (7 cultivars), Lr10 (14), Lr13 (5), Lr14a (1), Lr16 (1), Lr23 (3); the unknown genes were identified in 14 cultivars. The first unknown gene could be either Lr9, Lr19, or Lr25; however, the second unknown gene in 9 cultivars was different from any named gene. Twelve of the 15 pathotypes are virulent for this gene, hence its use in breeding for resistance will be limited. The cultivars were also evaluated at two field locations in Mexico with two pathotypes in separate experiments. The area under the disease progress curve and the final disease rating of the cultivars indicated genetic diversity for genes conferring adult plant resistance. based on the symptoms of the leaf tip necrosis in adult plants, resistance gene Lr34 could be present in at least 20 cultivars. More than half of the cultivars carry high to moderate levels of adult plant resistance and were distributed in each region.     

Inheritance of slow rusting to stem rust in wheat

Summary The inheritance of the slow rusting character was studied on F₅ progenies from seven spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals. The cultivars and their progenies were evaluated for slow rusting in 1974 and 1975 in epidemics of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, races 15 and 151, and traces of other races. Slow rusting varied significantly among the parents and among the F₅ progeny of each cross. Transgressive segregation occurred in each cross, i.e. some progeny rusted more slowly than the parents and some faster. In crosses with both Idaed 59 and Kenya 58 the progeny distributions were skewed towards slow rust development but the distributions in the other crosses were normal. The genetic control of slow rusting was predominantly additive, and narrow sense heritability was approximately 80 percent. The number of segregating genes having an effect on slow rusting was estimated to be 2 to 12 pairs depending on the cross. Correlation between slow rusting and maturity was usually negative but in most crosses the relationship was small.Contribution No. 9624 from the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108.     

Application of Triticum monococcum for the improvement of triticale resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the leaf rust resistance introduced into introgressive triticale lines with Triticum monococcum genes, and to study the expression of these genes at the hexaploid level. The introgressive lines were developed by incorporating diploid wheat (T. monococcum s.s.) genes into hexaploid triticale LT 522/6 using the synthetic allotetraploid T. monococcum/Secale cereale (A^mA^mRR) as a bridging form. A group of 44 those lines, parental stocks and check cultivars were inoculated at the seedling stage (in a greenhouse) and at the adult‐plant stage (in the field) with four pathotypes of Puccinia triticina. At the seedling stage the assessment of infection type showed that four lines had resistance to all pathotypes as high as in the T. monococcum donor. Adult plant examinations showed some introgressive lines with complete resistance and also lines with partial resistance, expressed in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) calculations as slow rusting. Some lines comprise low AUDPC with complete resistance at seedling stage.