高压水射流在高压气管内表面清洗中的应用

储运高压气的高压气管使用中因其内表面残留氧化皮脱落造成出口阀路堵塞,导致高压气管失效。介绍了高压水射流清洗技术的特点和水射流效应的机理,阐述了该设备的工作过程、系统组成和基本参数,并作了经济分析和效果评价。     

犬4种皮肤病的诊治

北京市密云县某社区统计饲养宠物犬约375只,其中约200只能够得到精心饲养,定期进行洗浴。调查发现,在定期洗浴的所有犬中,仅有少部分患有轻微皮肤病,个别患病严重;未定期洗浴的犬中,患皮肤病的现象十分普遍,并且相当一部分病情严重。在动物疫病预防控制中心就诊的23个病例中,犬被螨虫感染或真菌感染的概率都很高,分别为10/23、8/23,比例相当。犬同时被2者感染的概率较低,为4/23。其中,雄性患病率13/23;雌性患病率10/23,并未发现犬的皮肤病与性别有关。经过用药治疗,在2周内康复的病例为3例,第3周康复的为7例,4周以后康复病例较多,但其中1例继发感染,死于败血症。     

草鱼多联佐剂疫苗的研制——Ⅰ. 疫苗的制备及免疫原性的研究

用草鱼出血病、肠炎病、赤皮病和烂鳃病的病原与PHA按一定比例混合制成联合疫苗,注射当年草鱼,安全性好,对上述各病的免疫保护率(%)依次为93.3±1.5,77.43±12.25,68.2±4.66和B6±2.55;免疫鱼血清抗体效价分别为1047.7±561.2,354.6±120.5,57.6±14.3和2379.2±37B.9;外周血ANAE阳性淋巴细胞的百分率(‰)为63.2±3.4.63.4±l.8,60.2±1.79和63±2.74,与来免疫鱼有极其显著的差异(P<0.01)。     

内皮素受体在不同毛色绵羊皮肤中的表达和定位分析

 【目的】研究内皮素受体A和B(endothelin receptor A and B, EDNR A and B)在绵羊皮肤中的表达与定位,以及在不同毛色中的差异比较,探讨其在绵羊毛色形成中的作用及其相关机制。【方法】以不同毛色的成年绵羊为研究对象(设黑色毛和白色毛两组),用RT-PCR法检测EDNR基因在不同毛色皮肤中的表达,并使用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析不同毛色绵羊皮肤EDNR基因的相对表达量,采用免疫组织化学法和Western blot法对EDNR在绵羊皮肤中的表达进行定位和定量分析。【结果】荧光定量PCR结果显示黑色绵羊中EDNRA的相对表达量是白色绵羊的1.2648倍,EDNRB的则是1.8248倍;Western blot结果显示,皮肤组织粗蛋白提取物中含有EDNR蛋白,且受体A在黑白两组皮肤中表达不显著(P＞0.05),受体B在黑色组的表达显著高于白毛组(P＜0.05);免疫组化实验结果显示,EDNR蛋白在两组皮肤的表皮和毛囊中均有表达,通过光密度分析,受体A在黑毛皮肤各处细胞中的表达显著高于白毛皮肤,受体B则在除毛根鞘之外的其它两处细胞中表达显著高于白毛皮肤(P＜0.05)。【结论】实验结果提示,EDNR参与绵羊皮肤黑素细胞的生成,且两受体作用效应存在差异。     

GX-50对中波紫外线辐射皮肤成纤维细胞的保护作用

为观察花椒中的提取物GX-50是否对UVB诱导的光老化皮肤细胞具保护作用,使用组织块法分离培养原代人皮肤成纤维细胞,通过观察不同剂量UVB照射后的细胞形态学改变确定后续实验的UVB单次照射剂量;MTT法检测不同浓度GX-50处理后的细胞活性;采用衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)细胞化学染色法确定皮肤细胞衰老程度;测定丙二醛(MDA)和ROS含量评估皮肤细胞氧化损伤的程度;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测细胞TGF-β1表达量的变化;Western blot法检测细胞胶原蛋白表达量的变化。结果显示UVB辐射成纤维细胞后,细胞胞体增大、颗粒增多、部分细胞死亡,在不引起细胞明显死亡的UVB最大剂量50 mJ/cm2作用下,10-6mol/L的GX-50在孵育24h时可显著增加成纤维细胞存活率(125.7%,P0.01);经UVB照射后细胞SA-β-Gal染色阳性率增加,GX-50预处理后辐射组的阳性率明显降低(45.9%,P0.05);UVB组与对照组相比,MDA、ROS含量明显上升,GX-50预处理后辐射组MDA、ROS含量分别下降了22.6%(P0.01),22.8%(P0.05),基本与对照组持平;UVB辐射后TGF-β1分泌减少,GX-50预处理后辐射组则明显上升(14.7%,P0.05);Western blot结果显示,UVB可显著抑制胶原蛋白的表达,而GX-50预处理后表达量则基本恢复。推断GX-50对UVB引起的皮肤成纤维细胞损伤起到了保护作用,其机制可能是清除自由基和抗氧化,同时活化被UVB抑制的TGF-β信号通路,从而增加了胶原蛋白的表达。     

内蒙古绒山羊皮肤干细胞定位的初步研究

为了确定干细胞在内蒙古绒山羊初级毛囊、次级毛囊及表皮中的位置,通过对绒山羊颈部静脉注射BrdU,每周取皮肤样本,用4%多聚甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋,切片,免疫组织化学检测.结果发现,免疫组织化学检测在前10周内BrdU结果呈阳性,说明皮肤中存在干细胞,BrdU可用于大动物短时期的体内标记;BrdU用于大动物标记时在绒山羊体内的存留时间大约为10周;初步判断初级毛囊和次级毛囊及表皮中均存在干细胞,而且干细胞的niche可能就位于毛乳头处;用Ⅳ型胶原粘附培养初级和次级毛囊的毛乳头,其呈圆形或多边形,核大,核仁明显,细胞器少,细胞呈克隆生长,慢周期性,具有无限的增殖能力.经流式细胞术检测,初步证明为毛乳头处存在毛囊干细胞.     

大孔树脂分离纯化柚皮黄酮的研究

该文以总黄酮含量和总黄酮回收率为考察指标，研究了大孔树脂分离纯化柚皮黄酮的工艺。结果表明：AB-8型树脂对柚皮总黄酮有较好的吸附分离性能，是分离纯化柚皮黄酮的适宜大孔树脂；AB-8型大孔树脂分离纯化柚皮黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：柱体积为160 mL，柚皮提取物上样量为62.5 mg/mL(以湿树脂体积计)，先用pH 4的水淋洗，再用30%的乙醇洗脱，洗脱剂用量为2.5～3倍湿树脂体积。AB-8大孔树脂按上述确定的吸附洗脱条件可重复使用3次。柚皮黄酮经上述工艺纯化后总黄酮含量达到39.67%，总黄酮回收率为62.48%。对经AB-8大孔树脂纯化后的柚皮黄酮进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析发现，柚皮黄酮主要为黄酮甙类。     

Clinical evaluation of a jejunojejunal end‐to‐end anastomosis with skin staples with or without coverage by a mesenteric flap

This study describes a novel end‐to‐end‐jejunojejunal‐anastomotic technique using skin staples following resection of compromised small intestine. Five horses were referred with colic and underwent exploratory laparotomy, resection and anastomosis. No long‐term complications were recorded at 12 months. This safe and effective technique may be used in equine gastrointestinal surgery.     

Descriptive epidemiological study of the use of antimicrobial drugs by companion animal veterinarians in New Zealand

Abstract

AIM: To describe the patterns of use of antimicrobial drugs by veterinary surgeons treating commonly presented bacterial infections in companion animals in New Zealand.

METHODS: A postal survey of 800 randomly selected companion animal veterinarians practicing in New Zealand was conducted between August and December 2008. Data were collected regarding the antimicrobials prescribed for recent cases of skin, ear and urinary tract infections; the use of culture and susceptibility testing; and veterinarian characteristics such as proportion of time spent treating companion animals and recent attendance at continuing professional development (CPD) events. Potential associations within the data were explored using extended mosaic plots and multivariable regression models.

RESULTS:Completed surveys from 393 respondents were available for analysis, providing data on systemic antimicrobial drug use for 1,799 cases of presumptive bacterial infections. The most frequently prescribed drugs were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (864 cases, 48%), cephalexin (558, 31%), and fluoroquinolones (198, 11%). Of 359 cases of canine superficial pyoderma, 157 (44%) were treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 155 (43%) were treated with cephalexin with median reported treatment durations of 7 and 10 days, for these two drugs respectively. Culture and susceptibility tests had been used in 376 of 1,984 (19%) of all reported cases and 160 (43%) of these were suspected urinary tract infections. Practitioners that spent 100% of their time treating companion animals and who had attended a CPD course related to companion animals within the 12 months prior to completing the survey were more likely to submit a sample for culture and susceptibility testing and to prescribe longer courses of antimicrobials for the treatment of canine pyoderma than practitioners who spent less than 100% of their time treating companion animals and had not attended a CPD course in the last 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS: Broad-spectrum drugs considered by the World Health Organisation to be critically important for human health, such as fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, are amongst the most frequently prescribed antimicrobials in companion animal medicine, and these drugs are often prescribed without submitting a sample for culture and susceptibility testing.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Many cases of superficial pyoderma were treated for less than the recommended duration of 21 days, which may contribute to a higher rate of recurrent pyoderma and the development of drug resistance within the causal bacteria. Veterinarians should be aware that the use of fluoroquinolones, in particular, should be based upon the results of a culture and susceptibility test.     

四川盆地西缘农村居民饮用水健康风险暴露参数的研究

采用随机入户调查的方式对位于四川盆地西缘的名山县农村居民饮用水暴露参数进行了研究.结果表明:研究区农村居民儿童、成年男性、成年女性和全体调查者,其体重平均值分别为30、64、56、57.6 kg,每日平均饮水率分别为1.25、2.13、1.92、1.88L·d-1,皮肤表面积均值分别为1、1.72、1.57、1.6 m2;随着年龄的增长,3种暴露参数均表现出先增加,46～60岁时达到最大值,之后缓慢减少的变化趋势;研究区男性、女性的体重和皮肤表面积与美国、澳大利亚、加拿大居民差异较大;男性、女性饮水率与我国北方居民亦有差异,相比较分别低37.7％、38.5％.因此,建议按区域建立我国居民的暴露参数数据库,以降低健康风险评估结果的非确定性.