外源褪黑素诱导下Hippo信号通路调控山羊绒生长mRNA和lncRNA的生物信息学分析

为分析绒山羊皮肤中受Hippo信号通路调控的绒生长候选基因集,本研究选取6只罕山白绒山羊随机分为对照组和褪黑素处理组,每组设3个重复。以自然年为试验周期,每月采集皮肤样本进行RNA测序,使用Bowtie、TopHat、Cufflinks、Cuffmerge、Cuffdiff、Cuffcompare、CPAT和CPC软件分析DE-mRNA和DE-lncRNA,联合PCA分析它们对次级毛囊生长周期的应答,利用WGCNA挖掘调控山羊绒生长的基因模块,GSEA分析候选基因集的生物学功能。结果表明：1)筛选得到组间DE-mRNA 2 024个和DE-lncRNA 329个,它们应答了绒山羊皮肤次级毛囊的生长周期。2)获得有生物学意义的对照组7个和试验组9个基因模块。3)深入分析富集到平衡哺乳动物皮肤生长分化、毛囊形态发生的Hippo信号通路基因模块,揭示了外源褪黑素诱导下调控山羊绒生长候选基因集191个mRNA和49个lncRNA的共表达调控网络关系。4)发现候选基因集与皮肤发育生物学过程(|NES|>1且FDR<25%)、Hippo信号通路(|NES|>1且FDR<25...     

两种油脂对小鼠皮肤创伤修复作用研究

本研究旨在观察阿勒泰大尾羊尾脂油脂对损伤皮肤是否具有修复作用，并与牛油脂、市售商品做比较。研究选择40 只体重在31 ± 1 g 之间的昆明小鼠，雌雄各半，通过构建小鼠皮肤损伤模型，将小鼠分为4 组（羊尾油组、牛油组、市售商品组和空白组）进行试验观察。小鼠皮肤伤口愈合良好，雌鼠的创面愈合能力强于雄鼠，雌鼠伤口愈合速度：羊尾油组＞牛油组＞市售商品组＞空白对照组。雄鼠伤口愈合速度：羊尾油组＞市售商品组＞牛油组＞空白对照组。皮肤组织病理学结果显示，涂抹羊尾脂、牛油脂、市售商品与空白对照处皮肤相比，创伤修复组织中脂肪细胞、胶原纤维以及其他细胞的数量、排列分布均有差异。羊尾油和牛油均有修复皮肤创伤的作用，且羊尾油修复作用更强，羊尾油可通过促进胶原纤维的生成加速皮肤修复。     

The use of the hand-held infrared thermometer as an early detection tool for exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses: A study at racetracks in eastern Australia

Thoroughbred racehorses perform exercise at maximal intensities and typically display a hyperthermic exercise response, which can drive core body temperature to critical levels. Despite extremely efficient thermoregulatory mechanisms, certain weather conditions may affect the horse’s ability to cool and result in a syndrome referred to as exertional heat illness (EHI). This is characterised by central nervous system dysfunction, as well as cytotoxic effects of heat on cells, which can produce deleterious consequences. Early detection of exertional heat illness (EHI) in Thoroughbred racehorses can be difficult because signs are often vague and the measurement of rectal temperature as an indicator of hyperthermia is not practical. Best practice in the treatment of EHI in horses, as in human subjects, centres on early detection, rapid assessment and aggressive cooling. Research in human subjects has shown that EHI is manageable when recognised early and appropriate treatment provided. The aim of this study was to investigate the measurement of skin surface temperature (SST) by an infrared thermometer as an aid in the early detection of EHI. A skin surface temperature ≥39°C in the immediate postrace period is considered to be hot. It reflects the interaction of exercise-related metabolic heat production, physiological adjustments to the skin surface such as vasodilation and sweating, together with the effect of high ambient temperature. Most importantly, high SST is associated with a reduced core-to-skin temperature difference, which retards heat transfer from the deep body tissues to the skin and can hinder heat dissipation. Identification of horses with high SSTs can prioritise them for rapid cooling and curtail possible progression to EHI.     

一起母牛采食马铃薯皮引起亚硝酸盐中毒误诊案的思考

为切实加强动物中毒性疾病的诊断处置能力,防止因诊断失误、处置不当导致动物死亡现象的发生。本文就一起母牛采食马铃薯皮引起亚硝酸盐中毒误诊案的诊断处置过程进行讨论分析,提出了相应的诊断处置意见,供广大兽医同仁在实际诊断过程中借鉴应用。     

Tuberculosis in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. 1. A clinical report

This case report describes tuberculosis (TB) due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. Two severely debilitated alpaca were presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin in November 2004. Bloods were taken, and haematology and biochemistry results were indicative of chronic infection. Radiological examination showed evidence of diffuse granulomatous pneumonia suggestive of tuberculosis. On necropsy there were granulomatous lesions present throughout many body organs including lung, liver, kidney, intestine as well on peritoneum and mesentery. Culture of acid-fast bacilli from lesions led to a diagnosis of tuberculosis due to M. bovis. The use of intradermal skin testing proved inefficient and unreliable for ante mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in alpaca. Infection due to M. bovis should be considered among the differential diagnoses of debilitating diseases in alpaca, particularly those farmed in areas known to be traditional black spots for tuberculosis in cattle.     

糖尿病大鼠皮肤溃疡阴证模型

糖尿病足溃疡在糖尿病并发症中较为常见且具有高的致死率,引起国内外专家关注。随着研究的深入,中西医在临床中发现一类症状相似糖尿病足溃疡久治难愈,符合中医学的阴证疮面,故称糖尿病足溃疡阴证。要想对糖尿病足溃疡阴证的发病机制,病理特点和干预治疗等多方面有深入的了解,动物模型的建立为其提供可靠有效的途径。论文概括了前人对于糖尿病大鼠皮肤溃疡模型的进展,同时总结其阴证模型的优缺点和自己的经验与认识,以期对临床具有指导意义的糖尿病大鼠皮肤溃疡阴证模型。     

Correlations between acute radiation scores and pain scores in canine radiation patients with cancer of the forelimb

Objective To determine whether there is a correlation between skin acute radiation score (ARS) and pain scores and to determine if skin ARSs can be used to predict future pain scores and increased need for analgesia in dogs undergoing radiation therapy for cancer of the forelimb. Study design Prospective observational study. Animals Seven middle‐aged dogs of various breeds with cancer of the forelimb. Methods Each neoplasm was surgically removed and a histologic diagnosis was obtained. Curative intent radiation therapy was initiated 2½–4½ weeks after surgery. Curative intent radiation therapy was delivered as prescribed. Two trained observers scored the dogs using a visual analog pain scale (VAS), Glasgow composite measure of pain scale, short form (GCMPS) and skin ARS prior to each day’s therapy. Daily scores were averaged and scatter plots were developed. Generalized estimating equation regressions were used to calculate standard error, 95% confidence interval, and p‐values for each relationship. Confidence and prediction bands were plotted. Results A statistically significant correlation between skin ARS and VAS and GCMPS pain scores was identified indicating that as the skin ARS increased so did the pain scores. A general correlation between VAS and GCMPS scores was observed. Early (fraction days 1–6) GCMPS scores were significantly influenced by anxiety behavior unrelated to pain. Skin ARS was found to predict precisely current and future presence of pain, but could only predict a range of potential future pain scores based on the pain management approach in use during this study. Conclusions Skin ARS can provide valuable information for initiating preemptive analgesia and intensifying pain management during curative intent radiation therapy. Daily pain scoring with an acceptable pain scale should be used in conjunction with the skin ARS to improve patient pain management. Clinical relevance Pain is an anticipated consequence of curative intent radiation therapy. Understanding the correlation between pain and skin ARS may facilitate more effective pain management.     

Fabrication of olive leaf extract and hazelnut skin incorporated films to improve the quality of nuggets during refrigerated and deep freeze storage

ABSTRACT

1. Olive leaf extract (OLE) and hazelnut skin (HS), which are known to have good antioxidant activity, were added into chicken nuggets in different ways. In the first method, the nuggets were coated with sodium alginate-calcium chloride-based coatings containing OLE and HS. In the second method, OLE and HS were directly added into the nugget patties. Nuggets that did not contain any additive (C1) and the samples prepared with the coating solution that did not include any additives (C2) were assigned as controls.

2. Nuggets were stored at two different temperatures, either in a refrigerator (4°C) or in a deep freezer (?18°C) for 21 days and 90 days respectively. Moisture content (%), pH, antioxidant status (TBARS), colour and microbial count (total mesophilic and psychrophilic aerobic bacteria) analyses were carried out during storage.

3. At the end of refrigerator storage (day 21), TBARS values for samples in which OLE and HS were directly added were found to be lower than those with OLE and HS coatings (P < 0.05). Total number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria were found to be the lowest in the treatment in which HS was directly incorporated into nugget patty (P < 0.05).

4. For frozen samples, application of a coating containing OLE and HS and direct addition of HS into patties were found to be effective in reducing lipid oxidation. No microbial growth was determined in most of the samples stored in the deep freezer.     

皱皮香猪WIF1基因结构变异WIF1-I8-sv889的研究

为探究WIF1（Wnt inhibitory factor 1）基因中WIF1-I8-sv889结构变异位点变异与皱皮香猪躯干被毛形成的关系,本试验采用冰冻组织切片观察皱皮香猪皮肤毛囊的组织学形态,采用PCR方法分析WIF1-I8-sv889位点在猪群中的分布频率,并通过在线软件UCSC、RegRNA 2.0对结构变异序列所含的功能元件进行分析。组织学研究显示,与正常香猪和大白猪皮肤相比,皱皮香猪毛囊毛根鞘伸入真皮层,形成棘突,且皱褶凹陷处毛囊聚集,相反皱褶凸起处毛囊较少;皱皮香猪皮肤毛囊中的毛球宽度显著增大（P<0.05）,单个毛囊中的毛干数极显著增多（P<0.01）。在WIF1-I8-sv889结构变异断点两端设计特异性引物,扩增片段长1383 bp,与参考基因组比,1383 bp中889 bp为结构变异区间,缺失581 bp,倒置308 bp。群体分布结果显示,猪群中WIF1-I8-sv889位点呈现出丰富的多态性,检测到3种基因型：正常的Ⅱ型、杂合的DI型和缺失的DD型,皱皮香猪中未检测到Ⅱ型;与正常香猪和大白猪相比,皱皮香猪中D等位基因占优势（94.44%）;经卡方检验,皱皮香猪D等位基因显著或极显著高于正常香猪和大白猪（P<0.05;P<0.01）。结果提示,WIF1基因中的WIF1-I8-sv889结构变异可能与皱皮香猪毛囊的形态发生有关。