平菇栽培料中添加胡萝卜樱试验

以生产上常用配方为对照,在平菇栽培料中添加2％～6％的胡萝卜樱,以菌丝长速、子实体产量等为指标进行对比,研究平菇生产中胡萝卜樱的最佳添加比例.结果表明:在平菇生产中,可以添加2％～6％胡萝卜樱,其中添加4％效果最好,生产上应重点推广使用;处理2(胡萝卜樱添加量2％)、处理4(胡萝卜樱添加量6％)和处理1 (CK)差异不显著;处理3(胡萝卜樱添加量4％),菌丝长速指标显著高于处理1 (CK).     

露地菊‘纽9717’的茎叶离体快繁体系

以露地菊‘纽9717’(Chrysanthemum×grandiflora ‘niu9717’)无菌苗为试验材料, 进行茎段(含腋芽)离体快繁体系和离体叶片不定芽再生体系的研究。结果表明, 最佳茎段增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 0.3 g·L-1+KT 0.5 g·L-1+NAA 0.5 g·L-1, 平均增殖系数为3.2;最佳叶片离体再生培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 g·L-1+NAA 0.5 g·L-1, 6-BA与NAA组合更有利于愈伤组织分化, 愈伤组织诱导率为100%, 愈伤组织分化率为92.3%, 繁殖系数为8.9, 其中分裂素KT及TDZ不利于愈伤组织诱导及不定芽分化, 生长素2, 4-D能有效诱导愈伤组织, 但抑制不定芽分化;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.05 g·L-1, 生根率达100%, 平均生根数为12.08, 平均根长1.5 cm, 移栽成活率为100%, 高浓度生长素能诱导根形成但抑制根的伸长。     

Utilization of Ensiled Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Leaves as a Protein Supplement in Diets for Growing Pigs

Four diets were formulated with protein from fishmeal (FM), groundnut cake (GC), ensiled sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) leaves (SP) or ensiled sweet potato leaves with lysine (SPL). In experiment 1, 24 crossbred (Large White x Mong Cai) growing pigs were allocated randomly by sex into four groups of six pigs and given one of four diets. Experiment 2 was conducted using 16 crossbred pigs (Large White x Mong Cai) at four farms. On each farm, pigs were allocated to two experimental groups. One group was fed the FM diet and the other group the SPL diet. In experiment 1, the daily live weight gains (DLWG) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the FM and SPL treatments (542 and 536 g/day, respectively) than for the GC and SP treatments (464 and 482 g/day, respectively). Feed intake was highest (2.0 kg/day) for the SPL and lowest (1.7 kg/day) for the GC treatment (p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest (3.8 kg/kg gain) for SP and lowest (3.5 kg/kg gain) for FM (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences for carcase measurements among diets (p > 0.05). The feed cost per kg live weight gain was lowest for the SP and SPL diets compared to the FM and GC diets. The results of experiment 2 show that there were no significant differences in feed intake, DLWG and FCR between the two diets (p > 0.05). In conclusion, sweet potato leaves can replace fishmeal and groundnut cake in traditional Vietnamese diets for growing pigs.     

贺州不同年份烤烟质量分析与评价

针对贺州烤烟存在的问题,生产中需进一步改善烟株营养水平,提高烟叶成熟度、对烘烤工艺进行合理调控、改善烤后烟叶组织结构与化学成分。     

银杏叶中黄酮和萜类内酯分离工艺条件优化

用闪式硅胶柱层析分离纯化银杏叶中有效成分黄酮醇苷和萜类内酯工艺条件的优选。用不同极性溶剂(乙醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、乙醇)对加样品后的闪式硅胶层析柱进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,采用高效液相色谱法分别测定每份洗脱液中黄酮醇苷和萜类内酯的含量,从而筛选出应用闪式硅胶柱层析时,最佳的洗脱液种类和用量为:萜类内酯用3倍床体积的乙酸乙酯洗脱,黄酮醇苷用4倍床体积的丙酮洗脱即得。     

In vitro availability of iron from cereal meal with the addition of protein isolates and fenugreek leaves (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

In vitro iron availability was determined from a standard cereal meal (C) with and without the addition of protein isolates from bovine milk (BP), groundnut milk (GP) and soybean milk (SP). A second set of studies were done to investigate the potentially available iron from fenugreek leaves per se and the effect of their addition on the available iron from the cereal meal. The potentially available iron from the meal increased from 4.91% to 6.73% on the addition of BP. The next best enhancer was GP (4.91% to 6.17%). Although the addition of SP increased the total iron content of the cereal meal significantly, the percent available iron decreased compared to the other milk proteins. The addition of fenugreek leaves (100 g/meal) to the meal increased the total iron content of the meal significantly (3.24 mg to 9.12 mg) (p<.001), however, the available iron was observed to decrease (4.91% vs 4.34%).     

橡胶树叶片转化酶提取方法的比较

比较液氮研磨样品与蛋白抽提液研磨样品对6种提取橡胶树叶片转化酶方法的效果。结果表明：液氮研磨法对转化酶活性影响很大,特别是中性/碱性转化酶和细胞壁结合的酸性转化酶已基本失活,而可溶性酸性转化酶活性丧失也比较严重。利用蛋白抽提液研磨样品,用Hepes-NaOH法提取的可溶性转化酶的酶活性最高,达472.44 μmol（glucose）/[g（FW）·h]; 虽然磷酸-柠檬酸法获得的粗酶液的蛋白含量较低, 但其酶活性高达441.61 μmol（glucose）/[g（FW）·h]; Tris-HCl法提取的细胞壁结合酸性转化酶的酶活性最高, 达35.83 μmol（glucose）/[g（FW）·h]。从转化酶的比活力看,磷酸-柠檬酸法最佳,所提取的可溶性转化酶比活力约为Hepes-NaOH法的4倍。本研究结果为进一步完善橡胶树叶片转化酶的提取方法提供重要的指导意义。     

香蕉叶制取叶绿素铜钠盐工艺研究

试验研究了以香蕉叶为原料制取叶绿素铜钠的工艺步骤,通过正交试验找出较佳工艺条件:用75%乙醇在60℃萃取,5%NaOH溶液皂化30min,20%CuSO4溶液铜化20min,2%NaOH溶液成盐.所得香蕉叶叶绿素铜钠产品符合GB3262-82标准,得率0.65%～0.70%(以鲜蕉叶计).     

西瓜炭疽病人工接种鉴定的新方法──离体叶接种和AD评价法

对具有不同抗性水平的３个西瓜品种进行了离体叶人工接种炭疽病抗性鉴定方法的研究。结果表明，离体叶与幼苗人工接种同样能够真实地反映西瓜品种固有的抗病性，且能节省菌液、劳力、试材和费用，并对环境条件更易控制，简便易行，可以广泛采用。该法用注射器悬滴接种，菌液浓度为１×１０￣６孢子／ｍＬ。接种叶片的叶龄为１５～２０ｄ，接种后３ｄ开始发病，第６ｄ调查统计病情指数。品种抗病性可以用平均病斑直径（ＡＤ），（发病病斑直径）／接种总滴数］和病情指数（ＤＩ）两种标准进行评价，其中用ＡＤ进行品种抗病性评价减少病级划分中的人为误差，更为客观简便，可以取代ＤＩ在离体叶人工接种西瓜炭疽病抗性鉴定中广泛采用。     

紧凑型小麦冠层叶片对籽粒的影响

为了研究紧凑型小麦冠层叶片对籽粒的影响,选用紧凑型小麦高优503、郑麦004、济麦20为材料,对小麦冠层叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率及不同剪叶处理籽粒灌浆期的千粒重进行测定。结果表明:紧凑型小麦冠层叶片叶绿素含量表现为旗叶、倒2叶>倒3叶;光合速率表现为旗叶>倒2叶>倒3叶;旗叶对强势粒和弱势粒的影响最大,冠层叶片对强势粒的影响是旗叶、倒3叶>倒2叶,而对于弱势粒则是旗叶>倒3叶、倒2叶。