多花蔷薇花挥发油化学成分的GC／MS分析

本文采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术，分析了经并时蒸馏萃取装置获得的多花蔷薇挥发油化学成分。共鉴定出２８种化合物，为开发、利用这一野生资源提供了科学依据。     

我国杉木通用性立木生物量模型研究

以我国南方地区的最重要针叶树种杉木为研究对象,综合利用非线性混合模型、哑变量模型和误差变量联立方程组方法,建立了适合杉木不同生长区域（总体）应用的一体化一元和二元地上生物量方程及根茎比函数.结果表明：不同总体的地上生物量模型之间存在显著差异,总体（一）的估计值要大于总体（二）,而地下生物量则差异不明显;地上和地下生物量方程的平均预估误差分别在5％和10％以内,可应用于不同区域的杉木林生物量估计.     

东北落叶松相容性立木材积和地上生物量方程研建

以东北落叶松立木材积和地上生物量数据为例,通过改进模型的结构形式,采用误差变量联立方程组的方法,研究建立了相容的立木材积方程、地上生物量方程及生物量转换函数。结果表明:与常用的非线性模型相比,在材积方程和生物量方程中增加截距常数,能显著改进模型的拟合效果;建立的一元相容性方程,地上生物量和立木材积的预估误差均不超过5%;二元相容性方程,地上生物量的预估误差约为4%,立木材积的预估误差则小于3%。     

碱预处理玉米芯生物转化L-乳酸

玉米芯经碱预处理后,采用米根霉对其发酵制备L-乳酸,同时考察分步糖化发酵(SHF)和同步糖化发酵(SSF)两种工艺。实验结果表明,水洗碱预处理玉米芯酶水解性能优于未水洗碱预处理玉米芯,水洗过程可显著提高米根霉发酵性能。分步糖化发酵工艺下,米根霉于40℃下发酵48 h,可将含有31.84 g/L葡萄糖、6.38 g/L木糖的酶解液转化为14.65 g/L的L-乳酸,L-乳酸得率为0.29 g/g(以绝干物料计,下同);同步糖化发酵工艺下,米根霉40℃发酵36 h将底物质量浓度为50 g/L的水洗碱预处理玉米芯高效转化为L-乳酸,L-乳酸得率为0.44 g/g。     

多源环状注水系统泵站运行方案与管网同步优化

为了最大程度地提高注水系统运行效率,对泵站运行方案与管网同时进行优化.针对多源环状注水系统,以泵的开停状态、流量和管线的连接状态、管径为优化设计变量,以运行能耗和管网投资费用最小为优化目标,考虑流量、压力、环状管网等各类约束条件,建立了多源环状注水系统运行方案与管网同步优化数学模型.针对该同步优化问题的特点,设计了双重广义染色体编码遗传算法对模型求解.泵的编码中,第1行采用二进制编码表示泵的开停状态,第2行采用实数编码表示泵的流量;管线的编码中,第1行采用二进制编码表示管线的连接状态,第2行采用整数编码表示管线的管径.实现了对各优化变量的精确表达,设计了与问题相适应的初始解产生及编码交叉、变异方法,避免或减少了不可行解的产生.并对实例进行优化设计,同步优化与仅进行管网优化对比,运行能耗降低了4.66%,管网投资费用降低了1.73%,表明同步优化的节能效果明显.     

饲料中主要霉菌毒素液相色谱串联质谱同时测定技术研究进展

饲料中霉菌毒素是我国畜禽养殖业中存在的主要危害因素之一。在饲料中常见、且对动物健康造成严重损害的霉菌毒素有6种,即黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐毒素、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马毒素B1。本文全面深入分析了国内外对这6种主要霉菌毒素检测技术的最新研究,对其方法过程和性能特点(提取剂、净化方法、定量方法、回收率等)进行了系统比较,为我国建立饲料中这6种霉菌毒素高效、经济、环境友好的同时检测技术标准提供经验。     

Yield stability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes

An experiment was undertaken to determine the stability of seed yield in 21 common bean genotypes representing three growth habits. Seven genotypes in each growth habit (determinate bush, indeterminate bush and indeterminate prostrate) were evaluated in replicated trials at three locations for three years under rain fed conditions in Ethiopia. A combined analysis of variance, stability statistics and rank correlations among stability statistics and yield-stability statistic were determined. The genotypes differed significantly for seed yield and genotype × environment (year by location) interaction (GE). The different stability statistics namely Type1, Type 2 and Type 3 measured the different aspects of stability. This was substantiated by rank correlation coefficient. There were strong rank correlations among S_i ²d, W_i ²,σ_i ² and S_i ², where as there was weak correlation between b_iand R_i ², S_i ²d, W_i ², σ_i ² and S_i ². R² was significantly and negatively correlated with W_i ², σ_i ² and S_i ². σ_i ² is significantly correlated with W_i ².Yield is significantly correlated with b_i and R_i ².None of the statistics per se was useful for selecting high yielding and stable genotypes except the YS(yield-stability statistic). Most of the high yielding genotypes were relatively stable. Of the 21 genotypes, only 11genotypes were selected for their high yielding and stable performance. Genotypes with growth habit III and I (in determinate prostrate and determinate bush) were generally more stable than in determinate bush. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于SLAM的无人机飞行参数设定方法研究#br#

为克服无人机林间飞行环境复杂、作业多样化、点云数据质量难以评价等导致的飞行参数不合理、点云数据质量差的问题,提出一种基于同时定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)的无人机林间环境飞行参数设定方法。首先使用三维激光雷达所采集的林间点云数据进行建图,然后通过建图轨迹与GNSS-RTK数据轨迹进行对比分析,评价点云数据的质量,最后根据其均方根误差对无人机的最佳飞行高度与速度参数进行设定。分析结果表明：飞行速度固定时,机载激光雷达飞行轨迹的均方根误差与飞行高度成正相关。飞行高度固定时,机载激光雷达飞行轨迹的均方根误差与飞行速度成正相关。在平均高度为6~7 m,长度为100 m的林间,无人机的最佳飞行高度为12 m,最佳飞行速度为2 m/s,均方根误差为1.262 m。该方法满足评价点云数据质量的需求,同时为无人机林间环境飞行参数的设定提供理论支撑。     

水力驱动生物转笼工艺中试研究

为进一步成熟一种新型生物膜工艺——水力驱动生物转笼,以实际生活污水为处理对象,探讨了该工艺间歇式运行工艺参数。实验结果表明:水力驱动生物转笼具有较好的同步脱氮除磷功能。且抗冲击负荷能力强.在进水(0.2 h)→反应(5.1 h)→沉淀(0.5 h)→排水(0.2 h)的运行周期条件下,转笼转速控制0.5 r/min时,反应器容积负荷可达1.03～1.48 kg COD/(m~3·d);此时,COD、SS、NH_3-N、TN、TP平均去除率分别为89.7%.84.6%,73.2%.72.4%,68.4%.平均出水分别为34.9 mg/L,12.2 mg/L,9.8 mg/L,13.6 mg/L,0.56 mg/L。     

A statistical assessment of the biological relationship between simultaneous canine mammary tumours

Simultaneous canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are frequently reported in the literature, but few studies have addressed their biological relationship in detail or performed statistical assessments. In this study, 269 canine mammary gland tumours from 216 dogs were categorized using an extended histopathological classification, where semiquantitative and binomial scales enumerated morphological parameters of the tumours. The classification facilitated a statistical study of the biological relationship between simultaneous within‐dog tumours. Seventy‐seven percent of the dogs had single tumours and 23% had simultaneous tumours. Sixty‐one percent of the neoplasias were benign, with complex adenoma as the most frequent diagnosis and 39% were malignant, with complex carcinoma as the most common malignancy. Simultaneous tumours within dogs more often had equal diagnoses and neoplastic level (benign or malignant) than would be expected by chance alone, as compared with random pairs of single tumours from different dogs. This statistically supported finding indicated the presence of a biological relationship between simultaneous tumours.