贵南县乡镇农业技术推广体系存在的问题及其对策建议

乡镇农业技术推广体系是实施科技兴农战略的重要力量,乡镇农业技术推广人员对于提高农民科学文化整体素质起到重要作用。笔者通过对贵南县乡镇农业技术推广现状分析,指出乡镇农业技术推广工作存在着基础设施条件差、推广经费不足、管理体制不顺、推广工作难度大、专业技术人员少、业务素质不高、农技人员待遇低等突出问题,并结合实际,有针对性地提出了搞好乡镇农业技术推广工作的对策建议。     

E12 technique: Conventional epoxy resin sheet plastination

Epoxy plastination techniques were developed to obtain thin transparent body slices with high anatomical detail. This is facilitated because the plastinated tissue is transparent and the topography of the anatomical structures well preserved. For this reason, thin epoxy slices are currently used for research purposes in both macroscopic and microscopic studies. The protocol for the conventional epoxy technique (E12) follows the main steps of plastination—specimen preparation, dehydration, impregnation and curing/casting. Preparation begins with selection of the specimen, followed by freezing and slicing. Either fresh or fixed (embalmed) tissue is suitable for epoxy plastination, while slice thickness is kept between 1.5 and 3 mm. Impregnation mixture is made of epoxy E12 resin plus E1 hardener (100 ppw; 28 ppw). This mixture is reactive and temperature sensitive, and for this reason, total impregnation time under vacuum at room laboratory temperature should not last for more than 20–24 hr. Casting of impregnated slices is done in either flat chambers or by the so‐called sandwich method in either fresh mixture or the one used for impregnation. Curing is completed at 40°C to allow a complete polymerization of the epoxy‐mixture. After curing, slices can be photographed, scanned or used for anatomical study under screen negatoscope, magnification glass or fluorescent microscope. Based on epoxy sheet plastination, many anatomical papers have recent observations of and/or clarification of anatomical concepts in different areas of medical expertice.     

脂质代谢组学的研究进展

脂质是动物体内重要的生物大分子之一,具有多种重要生物学功能。脂质代谢组学是新兴起的一门研究脂质代谢调控在各种生命现象中作用机制的新学科。它通过从系统水平上研究生物体内的脂质,揭示脂质分子及与其他生物分子间的相互作用。脂质代谢组学在营养学、功能基因组学等相关学科中的应用已有许多报道。本文主要介绍了脂质的分类与代谢、脂质代谢组学的概念、研究方法、研究现状及其应用研究进展等。     

水貂阿留申病的历史回顾及最新研究概述

水貂阿留申病是阻碍养貂业发展的世界性攻关病害。自人们发现该病至今已有５０余年的历史,尽管国内外有关专家学者,从没间断过对该病的研究,但始终没能攻克该病的免疫防制问题;值得庆幸的是,在国家科委和农业部畜牧兽医司等部门的大力资助下,我们对阿留申病的免疫原性和免疫机制进行了较系统深入的研究,并研制出了阿留申病灭活疫苗,现已在多个大型貂场进行小试。该文对阿留申病的病史和危害,以及最新研究进展和重大技术突破进行了较全面系统的论述。     

cDNA文库构建方法的研究进展

cDNA文库的构建是一种重要的基因克隆的手段,主要用于新基因的发现及基因功能的研究。作者主要介绍cDNA文库的构建方法及cDNA文库的一些实际应用,为研究cDNA文库的构建提供一些有价值参考意见。     

高等农业院校青年教师教学科研能力培养途径的探讨

教学与科研是高等农业院校青年教师的两个工作重点,做到教学与科研双赢已成为每个青年教师面临的重要挑战。通过分析目前高等农业院校青年教师教学和科研现状,就如何提高其教学科研能力,以及课堂教学的整体水平的途径、方法、策略等进行了探讨,以适应社会发展对高素质创新人才的要求。     

猪日粮中酵母硒应用的研究进展

酵母硒是饲料中优质的有机硒源,较无机硒具有更高的吸收率与生物安全性,可提高猪的生长、成活率和繁殖性能,而且可提高肉品质和营养价值。作者综述了酵母硒在猪日粮中的应用研究进展。     

Clinical trials in spontaneous disease in dogs: a new paradigm for investigations of sepsis

Objective: To provide evidence that naturally occurring sepsis in dogs provides a unique opportunity to test new therapies in clinically relevant settings. Data sources: Human and veterinary literature. Human data synthesis: Sepsis is a devastating condition responsible for most intensive care unit deaths. Most clinical trials targeting inflammatory mediators of sepsis have failed to improve outcome in clinical patients despite promising results in laboratory animal models. Animal models of sepsis fail to reproduce the clinical syndrome and therefore lead to conclusions that may not be relevant to clinical care. Veterinary data synthesis: Sepsis is recognized but not well‐characterized in companion animal species. Despite some species variability, the cardiopulmonary response to sepsis in dogs is similar to humans. Additionally, inflammatory and coagulation changes that accompany canine sepsis are consistent with those documented in humans. Sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral infection offers the advantages of relative population homogeneity, predictable course, and easy early diagnosis. The disadvantages of canine parvovirus are that it affects a predominantly young and healthy population and results in low mortality with aggressive supportive care. Septic peritonitis and pneumonia have high mortality but can be challenging to diagnose, have a variable course, and affect a heterogeneous population, which can be an advantage or a disadvantage. Conclusions: Similar to trials currently being performed in canine cancer patients, veterinary clinical trials of new sepsis therapeutics may provide a unique opportunity to advance the treatment of sepsis in dogs, humans, and other species. Spontaneous sepsis from canine parvovirus, peritonitis, and pneumonia are common clinical conditions in which therapeutics can be tested.     

厄贝沙坦及其复方制剂中痕量杂质N-亚硝基-N-甲基-4-氨基丁酸残留方法学研究

采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立厄贝沙坦及其复方制剂中N-亚硝基-N-甲基-4-氨基丁酸(NMBA)的测定方法。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC○RHSS T3色谱柱进行分离,以0.005 mol/L甲酸铵(用甲酸调pH值至3.0)为流动相A,甲醇为流动相B,梯度洗脱,质谱检测器,流速为0.3 mL/min。结果显示NMBA的线性范围为0.156 6~3.132 6 ng/mL,相关系数r>0.99,方法检出限浓度为0.047 0 ng/mL(相当于样品浓度0.01μg/g),定量限浓度为0.156 6 ng/mL(相当于样品浓度0.03μg/g),样品加标回收率在80%~130%。说明该方法可以快速、简便、灵敏、准确地测定厄贝沙坦及其复方制剂中NMBA含量。     

匹莫苯丹的合成工艺研究进展

匹莫苯丹是国家二类新兽药。但由于该药的原料药成本较高,不易合成,反应步骤多而限制了该药物的临床普遍应用。因此,进行了对匹莫苯丹合成工艺的调查,概述了近年来国内外关于匹莫苯丹的10个合成方法。主要包括以氯苯、乙酰苯胺、对氯苯甲醛、3-(4-乙酰胺基苯甲酰基)-丁腈、邻苯二乙酸二铵和5-(2-溴代丙酰基)-1,3-2H-苯丙[d]咪唑-2-酮为起始原料合成制备匹莫苯丹,并分析了这些合成方法中存在的问题,还考察了匹莫苯丹副产物的产生和解决办法,为其工业化合成研究提供参考。