The reproductive biology of the baby clam, Marcia opima, from two geographically separated areas of India

A study of the reproductive cycle of the baby clam, Marcia opima (Gmelin) was conducted at two sites along the southeast (Tuticorin Bay) and southwest (Ashtamudi estuary) coast of India from December 1998 to January 2000. Histological evidence showed that baby clam from both the sites showed two spawning seasons. First spawning season was recorded from May to July in the southeast coast. In the southwest coast, the first spawning season was observed through March to May. A second spawning season from September to December was recorded in both the coasts. In the southeast coast, minimum and maximum condition indices were obtained in January 2000 and April 1999 respectively and decreased from May to June and November to January, signifying the two spawning periods. Most of the animals were either in spent or indeterminate gonadal stage from May to August and November to January indicating the active spawning during that months in the southeast coast.     

饮茶对镉染毒SD大鼠抗氧化和脂质代谢的影晌

选用体质量均匀的成年雌、雄SD大鼠,并分为对照组、镉染毒组和镉染毒饮茶干扰组。在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,对照组饮用自来水;镉染毒纽饮用含镉（60mg／L）的水;镉染毒饮荼干扰组饮用舍镉（60mg／L）的龙井茶,探讨饮茶对镉毒性的干预效果。结果表明,镉可造成细胞脂质过氧化,细胞抗氧化能力降低,影响细胞正常代谢,并可导致机体血脂升高、动脉硬化的几率增加。饮茶拮抗镉的脂质过氧化损伤,激活了体内的抗氧化防御系统,并可降血脂、预防动脉硬化及调节脂质代谢。     

加减四君子汤对仔猪免疫机能及生产性能的影响

将72头（16.56±0.37）kg长大二元猪随机分为对照组、加减四君子汤组、抗生素组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头（公母各半）。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础日粮中添加中草药加减四君子汤,试验2组基础日粮中添加抗生素和高铜,于试验的第14天和第30天分别称重和采血,测定仔猪的生长性能、免疫指标和生理生化指标。结果显示,在试验第一阶段,中草药加减四君子汤组的平均日增重显著低于抗生素组（P〈0.05）,日粮粗蛋白质消化率极显著低于抗生素组（P〈0.01）,料肉比显著高于抗生素组（P〈0.05）,中草药加减四君子汤组的平均日增重、日粮粗蛋白质的消化率、料肉比与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）;而在试验第二阶段,中草药加减四君子汤组日增重和料肉比与抗生素组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,显著优于对照组（P〉0.05）;中草药加减四君子汤组粗蛋白质消化率显著低于抗生素组（P〈0.05）,与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）;中草药加减四君子汤组淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率在试验的两个阶段均显著高于抗生素组和对照组（P〈0.05）,对照组和抗生素组差异不显著;淋巴细胞转化率LTT（PHA）在第一阶段3个处理组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,在第二阶段中草药加减四君子汤极显著高于抗生素组和对照组（P〈0.01）,而对照组和抗生素组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;血清生化指标各处理组在整个试验期间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。该结果表明,加减四君子汤具有明显的促生长作用,可提高断奶仔猪免疫力,增强机体抗病力,在猪饲料中添加一定剂量的加减四君子汤对动物健康无不良影响。     

干旱胁迫对4种景天科植物生理生化指标的影响

为筛选适合北方地区的屋顶绿化植物,以4种景天科植物为试材,采用盆栽控水法研究干旱胁迫对植物叶片相对含水量、相对电导率及丙二醛含量等抗旱性生理指标的影响,并结合植物生长状况及隶属函数法综合评价4种植物的抗旱能力强弱。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间的增加,形态上卧茎景天(Sedum sarmentosum)、长药景天(Hylotelephium spectabile)和堪察加景天(S. kamtschaticum)的评价等级为生长一般,德国景天(S. hybridum cv.Immergrunchell)生长受抑制。各种景天的叶片相对含水量都呈下降趋势,卧茎景天的相对电导率及丙二醛含量增幅较小,抗旱性较强。通过隶属函数综合评价,4种景天植物的抗旱能力大小为卧茎景天>长药景天>堪察加景天>德国景天。     

抗旱王牛的血细胞及生化指标的测定研究

[目的]为了掌握引进的抗旱王牛的血液理化指标。[方法]使用全自动分析仪,选择成年的雌性抗旱王牛和雌性西门塔尔牛各14头,测定了30项血液理化指标,并进行统计分析。[结果]检测结果如下：抗旱王牛的30项血液理化指标中有73.33%（22/30）的指标变异系数小于20%,有20.00%（6/30）的变异系数介于20%～30%,有6.67%（2/30）的变异系数超过30%;西门塔尔的30项血液理化指标中有70.00%（21/30）的指标变异系数小于20%,有20.00%（6/30）的变异系数介于20%～30%,有10.00%（3/30）的变异系数超过30%。西门塔尔牛的LYM水平显著高于抗旱王牛（P〈0.05）;抗旱王牛的GGT、TCHOL、BU、TG水平显著高于西门塔尔牛（P〈0.05）。其他指标差异不显著。[结论]抗旱王牛血液理化测定指标相对较稳定,初步体现了其抗旱耐热的品种特性,但其他特性与优点的体现仍需进一步研究。     

蜀宣花牛体型外貌、线性评定及生理指标测定

[目的]为了充分了解牛群的体型外貌及生理指标情况,我们对牛群体型外貌进行了评定、同时对牛群的毛色、肤色、踢、角及生理指标进行了调查研究。[方法]通过对牛群生理指标测定、体型外貌评定及毛色、肤色、踢、角颜色和形状分析。[结果]表明:蜀宣花牛肉用指数公母牛分别为5.3769和4.0725,低于国外专门化肉牛品种,但也明显高于国内几个比较有名的地方牛品种,由此说明,蜀宣花牛的肉用指数界于专用型肉牛和肉役兼用型牛之间。毛色以黄白花和红白花为主,占90.16%;皮肤颜色以纯粉色和粉色有斑点的为主,占96.92%;蹄质颜色以纯蜡黄色为主,占86.28%;角型以照阳角为主,占93.94%。成年母牛的生理指标分别为:体温平均38.38℃、心跳74.56次/min、呼吸18.74次/min和瘤胃蠕动2.84次/2min;体型外貌线性评定分析表明,蜀宣花牛母牛的14个性状中,除后房宽度、尻角度和乳房底部3个性状平均分略低于75分,强壮度、后房高度、乳头位置和乳静脉4个性状的平均分高于80分外,其余7个性状的平均分都在75~80分之间。[结论]从乳用性能的角度看,牛群的平均体型尚处在较理想型和理想型之间,还有待进一步选育提高。     

有机-无机棒肥对土壤和植物生长的影响

为了研制新型树木肥料,以自行研制有机-无机棒肥制作设备制作的有机-无机棒肥为研究对象,研究其对土壤理化性状和天竺桂生长的影响。结果表明:有机-无机复混棒肥主要指标满足有机-无机复混肥料GB18877-2002的基本要求,具有高压缩比、含有机成分、易操作等特点。施用有机-无机棒肥后土壤EC值均在1.0mS·cm-1以下,产生盐害的风险较小;对氮磷钾的提高效率大小顺序为磷氮钾;与未施用有机-无机棒肥的天竺桂相比,施用有机-无机棒肥能明显提高天竺桂的新梢长度、叶绿素含量和根重,对促进植物生长的作用明显。     

黔中喀斯特石漠化区次生林树种的经济功能评价及功能群划分

通过构建树种经济功能综合评价指标体系,采用层次分析法（AHP）,对黔中喀斯特次生林中25种优势树种经济功能进行综合评价,并划分树种经济功能群。结果表明,基于AHP评价结果与黔中喀斯特森林树种经济性能现状较为一致, AHP在喀斯特森林树种经济功能综合评价体系构建中是科学且实用的。黔中喀斯特森林25种优势树种分为7个经济功能群：（1）药用-观赏型高经济功能群（ PFGsⅠ）,树种为厚朴、喜树和盐肤木;（2）食用型高经济功能群（PFGsⅡ）,树种为茅栗和木姜子;（3）食用-工业型中经济功能群（PFGsⅢ）,树种有川榛和竹叶椒;（4）食用型中经济功能群（PFGsⅣ）,树种为火棘;（5）工业型中经济功能群（PFGsⅤ）,树种为滇柏、光皮桦、响叶杨等7种;（6）药用-观赏型低经济功能群（PFGsⅥ）,树种为金佛山荚蒾、金丝桃、算盘子等9种;（7）食用型低经济功能群（PFGsⅦ）,树种为粉枝莓。描述了各类经济功能群的基本特征,为研究区生态经济型次生林经营的树种选择、结构优化提供理论依据。     

用人工神经网络构建多形地位指数模型

以马尾松人工林132株优势木树干解析数据为训练样本,用145块标准地优势木平均高数据为检验样本,把林分年龄和地位指数或优势木平均高作为输入变量,将优势木平均高或地位指数作为输出变量,通过构建人工神经网络逆模型的途径,分别建立了多形地位指数曲线式和计算式模型。结果表明,多形地位指数曲线式的总体拟合精度为99.64％,总体预测精度达96％以上,比传统技术构建的多形地位指数模型能较真实地模拟各地位级的多形曲线;多形地位指数计算式的总体拟合精度为98.81％,用于计算地位指数,省去用迭代法计算地位指数的工作量。基于BP神经网络模型多形地位指数模型,对马尾松人工林地位指数测定提供指导作用,可为森林立地质量评价提供理论依据。     

Soil quality index as a tool for Scots pine （Pinus sylvestris） monoculture conversion planning on afforested,reclaimed mine land

In Central Europe,a large portion of post-mining sites were afforested with Scots pine,which is characterized by good adaptability and a tolerance for poor habitat at the beginning of forest ecosystem development.Conversion of monoculture on mine sites into more biodiverse mixed hardwood forests,especially on more fertile deposits,can be an emerging need in this part of Europe in next decades.The ability to classify the forests at these post-mining sites will facilitate proper species selection as well as the management and formation of the developed ecosystem’s stability.This work describes the guidelines that can be followed to assess reclaimed mine soil(RMS)quality,using the mine soil quality index(MSQI)and a classification of developed forest sites as a basis of tree-stand species selection and conversion of pine monocultures.The research was conducted on four post-mining facilities(lignite,hard coal,sulphur,and sand pit mining areas)on different RMS substrates dominant in Central Europe.Soil quality assessment takes into account the following features of the soil:texture soil nutrients(Ca,Mg,K,Na,P);acidity(pH KCl);and Corg-to-Nt ratio in the initial organic horizon.An analysis was conducted of classification systems using the MSQI validation correlation(at p=0.05)with vegetation features affected by succession:aboveground biomass of forest floor and ecological indicators of vascular plants(calculated on the basis of Ellenberg’s(2009)system).Eventually,in the analysed data set,the MSQI ranged from0.270 for soils on quaternary sands to 0.720 for a mix of quaternary loamy sands with neogene clays.Potential forest habitat types and the role of the pine in the next generation of tree stands on different RMS parent rock substrate were proposed.