元宝枫种仁蛋白强化面包加工技术的研究

对元宝枫种仁蛋白强化面包的加工方法和工艺参数进行了研究。结果表明:加工出的面包蛋白质含量比对照鲜重提高了49.3%,干重提高了73.9%;其感官指标和理化指标均优于我国面包质量。     

半胱胺对银狐饲料消化能力的影响

为研究半胱胺对银狐饲料消化能力的影响,选用2月龄左右、健康银黑仔狐共106只(53♂ 53♀)。随机分96只(48♂ 48♀)为试验组,10只(5♂ 5♀)为对照组。采用复因子试验设计中的析因试验设计,为二因子有重复的试验设计,一个因子为半胱胺的不同添加剂量,另一个因子为半胱胺的不同添加间隔时间,在每间隔3、5、7和9 d分别按每千克体重添加40、70和100 mg的半胱胺。分别测定了干物质采食量、干物质表观消化率和粗蛋白质表观消化率,为消除不同间隔时间对消化试验的影响,正式试验进行12 d(从2004年8月18日~29日),结果发现每间隔5 d按70 mg/kg体重浓度添加1次半胱胺效果最好,它可使银狐干物质和粗蛋白质表观消化率分别比对照组提高16.19%(P<0.01)和15.97%(P<0.01);试验组银狐干物质采食量比对照组低,其中70 mg/kg体重5 d组可比对照组银狐干物质采食量降低4.65%(P<0.01)。     

Assessing the impact of hydropower and fisheries on downstream migrating silver eel, Anguilla anguilla, by telemetry in the River Meuse

Abstract –  European eel Anguilla anguilla is in strong decline. We assessed the relative impact of fisheries and hydropower during the downstream migration of silver eel in the River Meuse in the Netherlands using radio-telemetry. For this, 16 fixed detection stations (Nedap Trail-System^®) were used, each covering the entire river width, including all outlets to sea, and two covering the entrances of the two hydropower stations present. In September 2002, 150 silver eels were surgically implanted with Nedap-transponders and released at the catch site. Of these, 121 started to migrate downstream of which 37% successfully reached the North Sea. Hydropower mortality was at least 9% and assessed to be 16–26%. Fisheries mortality was at least 16% (reported recaptures) and estimated to be 22–26%. A clear difference was found in passage behaviour at hydropower stations, where 40% showed recurrence, in contrast to the river stations where this hardly occurred, indicating a hesitation to pass the turbines. Also a difference was found in diurnal pattern; 63% of the eels that passed through the turbines did so during the first 5 h of the night, whereas for the stations on free-flowing sections this was only 35%.     

加工型白皮洋葱引种栽培示范及效益分析

引进山东的白皮洋葱新品种"白B2006",采用露地直播、育苗移栽及大田验证试验,对其产量、品质及经济效益进行分析。结果表明:栽植密度为3.0~3.5万株/667m2,产量可达2 400~3 500 kg,鳞茎干物质含量21.34%,粗蛋白含量0.88%,可溶性糖含量12.40%,VC含量10.26 mg/100g;干物质含量高于山东产地的同品种4~9个百分点。"白B2006"洋葱表皮洁白,风味纯正,适宜脱水加工,经济效益显著,可在柴达木盆地德令哈市推广种植。     

Improvement of Betula pendula by clonal and progeny testing of phenotypically selected trees

Abstract

Field tests, each including 39–83 Swedish plus-tree clones of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) planted on 10 different sites in the southern part of Sweden, were evaluated at up to 10 years of age. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows. Growth traits were mostly under strong genetic influence, and showed substantial genetic variation and high potential genetic gain. Survival did not seem to be a trait of genetic importance. The genetic correlation between growth and growth cessation was weak, suggesting that it should be possible to find clones combining high growth and early autumn growth. Non-significant transfer effects for clones of different origin and weak G×E interaction were found, indicating that southern Sweden can be treated as a single utilization zone and that few sites are needed for genetic tests. Strong genetic age×age correlations were detected, suggesting that short test periods could be used.     

改进人工蜂群算法的孤岛混合可再生能源发电系统容量优化

容量优化对提高风电-光伏-电池混合发电系统的经济性和可靠性具有重要意义。为进一步提高容量优化的精度,本研究提出了一种基于改进蜂群算法的容量优化方法。首先,在建立组件模型、设计能源管理规则库的基础上,以最小化单位度电成本为目标,以系统缺电率为约束,建立了混合发电系统容量优化模型;其次,通过在蜂群算法雇佣蜂阶段中引入差分进化算子,提出了一种改进蜂群算法的模型求解方法,并通过与蜂群、差分进化算法对比,验证了改进蜂群算法的有效性;最后,分别在不同缺电率要求下优化混合系统容量,得出了单位度电发电成本与缺电率的关系,并通过灵敏度分析,研究了设备价格,气象等因素对单位度电成本的影响。结果表明,在缺电率为3%时,混合系统总投资成本为779 564.26 美元（$）, 其中,光伏、风电、电池及变换器成本分别占总成本的33%、29%、34%和3%,单位度电成本为0.3494 $/kWh;单位度电成本随缺电率增加而下降且下降速率逐渐降低;单位度电成本在组件价格方面受光伏组件价格影响更明显,在气象方面,受风速均值影响更明显。该研究成果可为科学设计混合系统容量,促进风、光资源互补利用提供科学依据。     

Growth and food availability of silver and bighead carps: evidence from stable isotope and gut content analysis

A 2-year investigation of growth and food availability of silver carp and bighead was carried out using stable isotope and gut content analysis in a large pen in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu, China. Both silver carp and bighead exhibited significantly higher δ¹³C in 2005 than in 2004, which can probably be attributed to two factors: (i) the difference between isotopic compositions at the base of the pelagic food web and (ii) the difference between the compositions of prey items and stable isotopes. The significantly positive correlations between body length, body weight and stable isotope ratios indicated that isotopic changes in silver carp and bighead resulted from the accumulation of biomass concomitant with rapid growth. Because of the drastic decrease in zooplankton in the diet in 2005, silver carp and bighead grew faster in 2004 than in 2005. Bighead carp showed a lower trophic level than silver carp in 2005 as indicated by stable nitrogen isotope ratios, which was possibly explained by the interspecific difference between the prey species and the food quality of silver carp and bighead.     

应用胰凝乳蛋白酶消化法比较冬季和夏季鲢鱼肉肌球蛋白的构造特性

以夏季和冬季鲢为研究对象,利用胰凝乳蛋白酶能水解羧基端含芳香族氨基酸残基肽键的特性,根据其特异性酶切部位,结合电泳手段来分析肌球蛋白的内部构造差异性。结果表明,与夏季样品相比,冬季鲢的肌原纤维蛋白经酶切生成的肌球蛋白头部S-1较长,在高温下分子量为165 ku的重酶解肌球蛋白HMM容易被再降解成小片段的135 ku HMM,呈现出冬季肌球蛋白的结构不稳定性。在不同温度下加热夏季和冬季肌球蛋白,其ATPase失活速度和酶解肌球蛋白生成S-1的产生量的减少速度呈现一致性,说明酶解生成的S-1只来源于有活性的肌球蛋白。同时,冬季肌球蛋白热变性温度较夏季肌球蛋白要低6 ℃,表明冬季肌球蛋白的不稳定性。     

鲢鳙杂种亲本连锁图标记加密和共线性比较

鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)与鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)杂种的养殖性能优于亲本,在水产养殖中利用广泛.为促进鲢、鳙遗传资源管理、经济性状定位等研究,已构建了鲢鳙种间杂种亲本的遗传连锁图,但图谱以AFLP标记为主,利用范围有限.为提高图谱质量和可用性,本研究采用新开发的微卫星标记加密了鲢鳙杂种亲本连锁图.雌性亲本鲢的连锁图标记总数从153增加到288(包括新开发微卫星标记93个),雄性亲本鲢的连锁图标记总数从271增加到511(包括新开发微卫星标记136).鳙图谱总长度从852.0 cM增加到965.8 cM,鲢图谱总长度从952.2 cM增加到1049.6 cM.鲢、鳙图谱共线性比较甄别出22个同缘连锁群,标记排列只存在轻微重排现象.亲本间共享的76个微卫星标记界定的标记间隔总长度在亲本间无差异(雌:雄＝1:1),与鳞鲢种内杂种亲本共享微卫星标记界定间隔的总长度雌雄比(1:0.45)显著不同.与模拟自然受精(种内杂种)相比,混精受精(种间杂种)可增加雄性亲本基因组范围的重组率.鲢鳙形态相似,染色体组型相同,杂种可育,鲢鳙杂交对重组率没有影响或影响很小.根据研究结果,认为混精授精回避了精子竞争,强化了全基因组重排,不利于新形成的和已有的优良单倍型的保留,是鲢鳙养殖性能退化的原因之一.