Antibody-coated gold nanoparticles immunoassay for direct detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissues

Aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a disease that affects both salmonid and non‐salmonid fish. Detection of A. salmonicida can be labour intensive and time consuming because of the difficulties in distinguishing the bacterium from other species given the wide variety of existing biochemical profiles and the slow growth characteristics which allow other organisms to overgrow the A. salmonicida. Herein, we report the development of a specific immunoassay using gold‐conjugated polyclonal antibodies for the rapid detection of A. salmonicida in fish tissues. Monodispersible 13‐nm gold nanoparticles were coated with polyclonal antibodies specific to A. salmonicida. Reddish purple agglutination of gold particles indicated the presence of A. salmonicida in samples. Positive reactions were detected visually with the naked eye. No agglutination was observed when A. salmonicida antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles were tested with other common bacterial fish pathogens, thereby verifying the specificity of the assay. The assay could detect A. salmonicida in fish tissues down to 1 × 10⁴ CFU mL^?1, and results were obtained within 45 min. The antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles were stable for at least 2 months at 4°C. The immunoassay using antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles represents a promising tool for the rapid and specific detection of A. salmonicida in fish tissues.     

STS和GA_3对马铃薯开花结实的影响

通过研究早期喷撒硫代硫酸银（ＳＴＳ）和赤霉素（ＧＡ_３）对马铃薯开花，杂交结实和天然结实的影响，揭示出ＳＴＳ处理能有效抑制马铃薯花和否的脱落，ＧＡ_３能促进马铃薯开花，增加花量。对于易落花落蕾的材料，ＳＴＳ和ＧＡ_３处理均能促进花、蕾发育，增加可授粉花、蕾量，保证杂交结实。对于开花性强的材料，ＳＴＳ和ＧＡ_３既有积极的方面又有消极的影响，需慎重使用。     

’95溢洪对大伙房水库鲢、鳙渔业造成损失的估测

根据１９９０、１９９８年鲢、鳙渔获物的年龄组成,相关成份的放养尾数及１９９５年后的历年捕获量,结合可捕群体、补充群体等假设条件,利用修正的“恒定参数系统法”拟合分析了１９９５年溢洪后大伙房水库鲢、鳙的残存率、死亡系数、回捕率,探讨了′９５溢洪对该水库鲢、鳙渔业的影响,并根据理论捕获量推算出溢洪造成的损失分别为鲢２５０～３５０ｔ,鳙２３７～４３６ｔ。     

Effects of paraquat treatment on fish transaminase molecular subforms

The effects of paraquat (PQ; 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium dichloride) treatment were investigated in carp, silver carp and wels. The serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT; L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1.) level was enhanced by 50% at 1 ppm exposure and by 100% at 10 ppm exposure in all species, and there was a change in the distribution of the molecular subforms of GOT in the liver and heart. The activities of the individual subforms decreased with increasing PQ concentration or after a longer exposure. In some cases, one of the subforms was no longer present in the liver. An increased serum GOT activity, a decreased enzyme activity in different organs and the disappearance of molecular subform indicate tissue damage.     

二氧化硅生物荧光纳米颗粒的制备与应用

以荧光染料(联吡啶钌配合物)为核,二氧化硅为外壳制备了荧光纳米颗粒.电镜检测结果显示,合成的二氧化硅纳米颗粒粒径为(20±3)nm,分布均匀,形态规则.对荧光纳米颗粒进行生物修饰得到荧光探针,以DNA碱基配对原则为基础建立检测DNA的方法,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜研究玻片上的荧光信号和荧光强度.结果表明,该方法不仅可定量检测到4.4×10-8 mol/L的目标DNA3,而且可定性检测目标DNA3、单碱基错配DNA4及随机序列DNA5,为发展DNA检测技术提供了新的思路.     

预处理方式对微粒化白鲢鱼骨泥物理特性的影响

以白鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鱼骨为原料,采用湿法粉碎的方法制备微粒化鱼骨泥,研究不同的预处理方式(常温加冰、低温冷冻、100℃蒸煮和120℃蒸煮)对鱼骨泥物理特性的影响。结果表明,采用120℃蒸煮预处理后加工制备的鱼骨泥中鱼骨颗粒的粒度最小(164.11μm),其次分别为低温冷冻组(317.40μm)、100℃蒸煮组(343.47μm)和常温加冰组(522.61μm)。120℃蒸煮预处理后加工制备的鱼骨泥中鱼骨颗粒的比表面积显著(P0.05)大于其他3组的比表面积。低温冷冻预处理后加工的鱼骨泥中鱼骨颗粒多呈短棒状,表面光滑;而蒸煮预处理的鱼骨颗粒接近球形,表面凹凸不平。与常温加冰和低温冷冻加工预处理组相比,采用高温蒸煮预处理后加工的鱼骨泥的b*值、L*值、持水性、乳化活性指数和乳化稳定性相对较高(P0.05),而粘度值相对较低(P0.05)。     

杜仲对异育银鲫肌肉品质和血清SOD、溶菌酶活性的影响

在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加1%杜仲皮、杜仲叶、杜仲汁饲喂异育银鲫(115.8±5.0 g)60 d,考察对其肉质及免疫功能的影响。结果表明:(1)对照组、杜仲皮组、杜仲叶组、杜仲汁组肌肉失水率分别为25.17%、21.77%、26.57%、17.80%,肌原纤维长度(反映肌纤维耐折力)分别为28.81 mm、36.57 mm、34.22 mm、30.76 mm,羟脯氨酸含量分别为0.132 mg/g、0.222 mg/g、0.168 mg/g、0.185 mg/g,其中添加1%杜仲皮、杜仲汁可极显著降低肌肉失水率(p<0.01),提高羟脯氨酸含量(p<0.05)。添加1%杜仲皮、杜仲叶可使肌纤维耐折力显著增加(p<0.05);(2)免疫性能方面,添加杜仲叶、杜仲汁可提高血清SOD 30.9%、28.2%(p<0.05),但对溶菌酶活性无影响。上述研究表明,杜仲具有改善异育银鲫肌肉品质和提高血清SOD的作用。     

梅花基因组AFLP银染反应体系的建立和优化

采用改进的SDS DNA提取方法从梅花的嫩叶和老叶中提取获得总DNA .所得DNA样品的OD2 6 0 OD2 80 值在1 7～ 1 9之间 ,琼脂糖凝胶上主带清晰、较少降解、样品纯度高、蛋白去除干净且得率高 .该体系对原提取程序作了多处简化 ,使操作简便、快捷、高效 ,适合于梅花DNA提取 ,所提取的DNA样品不含PCR反应抑制剂及其他酶反应抑制剂 ,可被限制性内切酶MseⅠ和EcoRⅠ完全酶切 ,适合AFLP PCR反应应用 ,得到清晰的指纹式样 .     

mRNA差异显示技术研究进展

运用mRNA差异显示技术可以了解不同细胞或同类细胞在不同发育阶段、不同生理状态下的基因表达状况,为研究生命活动过程提供重要信息.对差异显示技术的基本原理、优缺点以及近年来此方法的改进进行了论述和评价,并对其应用前景进行了简单分析.