超声辅助磁性纳米四氧化三铁催化过氧化氢降解亚甲蓝染料的研

建立了一种基于超声辅助磁性四氧化三铁纳米微粒催化过氧化氢降解亚甲蓝染料的方法,研究了四氧化三铁纳米微粒浓度、过氧化氢浓度、pH值、反应时间、超声时间和温度等对催化降解反应的影响.结果表明,当四氧化三铁纳米粒子浓度为600mg/L,过氧化氢浓度为0.32mol/L,pH值为5,超声时间为3min,温度为30℃,反应时间为2h时,模拟染料废水中亚甲蓝的去除率最高可达到95%.     

Modelling daily catches of silver-phase European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in two hydropower-regulated rivers

Estimation of silver eel production, Anguilla anguilla L., is fundamental for the management of eel stocks. In the hydropower-regulated rivers Shannon and Erne, Ireland, production is calculated using catch data from a conservation trap and transport programme. However, in both rivers gaps in silver eel catch datasets tend to occur, which can lead to biases in production estimates. Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to model daily catch in these rivers based on a variety of environmental variables. Final models for the Shannon and Erne explained 83.7% and 78.8% of deviance in daily catch, respectively. A second model on the Erne included catch from a nearby fishing site in an attempt to increase explanatory power and explained 91.7% of deviance. Although model accuracy was increased, reliance on catch from another site may limit the applicability of the model. Model predictions were combined with estimates of fishing efficiency to predict production for the Shannon (36,210 kg; 0.85 kg/ha) and Erne (66,899–67,047 kg; 2.55–2.56 kg/ha). These values represented a 9.3% and 2.8%–3.0% increase on production estimated from incomplete catch records alone for the Shannon and Erne, respectively.     

鲢在低温冻藏时的生化和质地特性研究

本试验旨在通过测定鲢在低温冻藏时的生化和质地特性参数之变化规律,来考察几种冻藏方法对其品质的影响,从而对鲢的冻藏提出合理的工艺。生化特性参数以K值和EPN值来检验。质地特性采用具有样品测定室为挤压剪切室的 Ottawa 质地测定系统。试验结果表明:①冻结前的去内脏等处理可很显著地影响肌肉的鲜度K值(P<0.01);②快冻比慢冻可减少质地的损失,快冻后冻藏的肌肉鲜度很明显地比慢冻的好(P<0.01);③-30℃冻藏比-18℃冻藏可显著地减缓蛋白质变性的速度(P<0.05);④冻藏时是否镀冰衣,其K值和EPN 值在半年内无显著性差异(P>0.10)。     

几种物理因素对四氧化三铁纳米颗粒在有机质存在条件下的饱和多孔介质中迁移持留行为的影响

近些年来,环境研究者对纳米颗粒的迁移性进行了部分研究,但是对环境稳定性低、反应活性高的金属氧化物工程纳米颗粒在多孔介质中的运移沉积行为的系统探讨还很不足,尤其是对其在有机质（NOM）存在条件下迁移行为的了解非常有限。本研究选用四氧化三铁磁纳米颗粒（MENPs）作为研究对象,采用填充柱淋溶实验法,对其在饱和多孔介质中的迁移持留行为展开探讨,其目的是考察几种主要介质环境物理因素对其在天然有机质存在条件下的纵向淋溶过程及其在介质中持留量的影响作用。结果显示,不利吸附条件下的MENPs集聚体在多孔介质中的吸附持留及迁移性能取决于多种合力的作用效果。其中,孔隙水流速增大时,MENPs在多孔介质中的迁移性增强,持留性减弱,持留MENPs在介质中的逐层分布随孔隙水流速改变而变化;而且,MENPs在多孔介质中的迁移持留性与介质颗粒的表面物理性质也有关,天然有机质的存在一定程度上可以改善石英砂表面的异质性。另外,介质颗粒粒径大小也是影响MENP-介质间持留机制的重要因子。当多孔介质颗粒粒径大小改变时,MENPs穿透曲线及持留分布曲线随之变化明显,MENPs的吸附沉积机制也相应有所不同。     

Improved biological effects of uniconazole using porous hollow silica nanoparticles as carriers

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work is to prepare a controlled‐release formulation of uniconazole using porous hollow silica nanoparticles (PHSNs) as carrier, and to investigate the biological effects on rice growth. RESULTS: PHSNs with a shell thickness of ～15 nm and a particle size of 80–100 nm were synthesised through a sol–gel route using nanosized calcium carbonate particles as templates. Simple immersing (SI) and supercritical fluid drug loading (SFDL) technologies were employed to load uniconazole into PHSNs with loading efficiencies of ～22 and ～26% respectively. The prepared uniconazole‐loaded PHSNs (UCZ‐PHSNs) by SI and SFDL both demonstrated sustained release properties, and the latter showed better controlled release ability with a slower release rate. Compared with free uniconazole, UCZ‐PHSNs exhibited a weaker growth retardation effect in the early stage but more significant retardation ability in later stages for agar‐cultured rice seedlings. For the rice that grew in clay, UCZ‐PHSNs demonstrated a weaker plant height retardation effect than free uniconazole at the early jointing stage by foliar spraying, but exhibited a stronger retardation capacity than free uniconazole by being applied into soil before seedling transplantation. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the prepared UCZ‐PHSNs possessed good controlled‐release properties and had improved retardation effects on rice growth. It is recommended that UCZ‐PHSNs be applied into soil before seedling transplantation rather than administered by foliar spraying at the early jointing stage. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于纳米金和核酸适配体的重金属离子传感器研究进展

综述了国内外基于纳米金和核酸适配体的重金属离子传感器的研究进展,从比色法、荧光法和共振散射光谱法三大类详细阐述了各类传感器的原理、技术应用及优缺点,讨论了现有传感器存在的问题和未来检测技术的发展方向。     

应用免疫金探针定位和定量测定稻种中的水稻细菌性条斑病菌

 本文首次报道用免疫金染色和免疫金银染色对水稻细菌性条斑病病种的带菌部位及带菌量的研究。结果表明:病原细菌分布于谷壳、籽实皮、胚和胚乳,主要集中在谷壳上。谷壳外表带菌量多于内表面。籽实皮外表面由于受谷壳污染较之内表面的带菌量多。籽实皮内表面、胚和胚乳的带菌量均较少,差异不显著。谷壳、谷壳内表面、籽实皮、胚乳(或胚)的带菌量之比为36:13:9:1。     

The S RNA segment determines symptom differences on Tetragonia expansa between two Watermelon silver mottle virus isolates

The WS-Y isolate of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) causes severe necrosis in Tetragonia expansa. To determine the RNA segment that induces symptoms, genome reassorants between WS-Y and an isolate causing mild mottle, WS-O, were generated. The origin of each segment in the reassortants was identified by RT-PCR and subsequent restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified fragments. Thirty genome reassortants were isolated from co-infected T. expansa plants. The reassortants with the S RNA segment of WS-Y caused severe necrosis, while those with the S RNA segment of WS-O caused a mild mottle; hence, the S RNA determined symptom expression. The incidence of reassortants was disproportional among genotypes. The most frequent genome reassortant possesses the L RNA of WS-Y, the M RNA of WS-O and the S RNA of WS-Y. A similar ratio of genotypes was found in isolates of local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa. These results strongly suggested that competition occurred independently between the individual RNA segments in a co-infected T. expansa plant, not between isolates.     

Phloroglucinol-Gold and -Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

With the advancement of nanotechnology, several nanoparticles have been synthesized as antimicrobial agents by utilizing biologically derived materials. In most cases, the materials used for the synthesis of nanoparticles from natural sources are extracts. Natural extracts contain a wide range of bioactive components, making it difficult to pinpoint the exact component responsible for nanoparticle synthesis. Furthermore, the bioactive component present in the extract changes according to numerous environmental factors. As a result, the current work intended to synthesize gold (AuNPs) and zinc oxide (ZnONPs) nanoparticles using pure phloroglucinol (PG). The synthesized PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs were characterized using a UV–Vis absorption spectrophotometer, FTIR, DLS, FE-TEM, zeta potential, EDS, and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. The characterized PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs have been employed to combat the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa is recognized as one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for the common cause of nosocomial infection in humans. Antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa has been linked to the development of recalcitrant phenotypic characteristics, such as biofilm, which has been identified as one of the major obstacles to antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa generates various virulence factors that are a major cause of chronic infection. These PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs significantly inhibit early stage biofilm and eradicate mature biofilm. Furthermore, these NPs reduce P. aeruginosa virulence factors such as pyoverdine, pyocyanin, protease, rhamnolipid, and hemolytic capabilities. In addition, these NPs significantly reduce P. aeruginosa swarming, swimming, and twitching motility. PG-AuNPs and PG-ZnONPs can be used as control agents for infections caused by the biofilm-forming human pathogenic bacterium P. aeruginosa.     

二氧化钛纳米颗粒对大豆根部吸收芘的影响

为研究纳米颗粒（NPs）对植物根部吸收与累积多环芳烃（PAHs）的影响,分别选择TiO₂ NPs、芘作为NPs和PAHs的代表,对大豆植株根部进行不同的处理。结果表明：芘的存在使大豆根部钛含量增加了82.3%,但TiO₂ NPs的添加显著抑制了大豆根部对芘的吸收与累积,使大豆根部芘的累积量降低了97.1%;在芘的胁迫下,TiO₂ NPs的存在未能减轻大豆根部的脂质过氧化作用,对大豆根部的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性没有显著影响,而显著减少了大豆根部谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量。