丝苗米优质高产栽培技术

近年来优质丝苗米品种,在广东省稻作区广泛种植。结合兴宁市生产实际,对丝苗米的特点以及优质高产栽培技术进行简单的总结探讨,以提高丝苗米的品质、增加经济效益。     

Sericin-fixed filk fiber as an immobilization support of enzyme

In this study, we attempted to evaluate a novel use of sericin-fixed silk fiber (SFx) as an immobilization support of enzyme. Sericin was fixed on the silk fiber using glutaraldehyde as a fixation reagent. After 6 hours of fixation, the degree of fixation increases linearly with linear decrease of the amount of bound α-chymotrypsin (CT). This suggests that the increase of the degree of fixation is due to the further crosslinking of free aldehyde groups on the surface of sericin-fixed silk fiber (SFx). Even though perfect fixation was not achieved, sericin did not dissolve seriously and could be removed by further washing. The specific activity did not differ significantly after 6 hours of fixation. The activity of immobilized CT on SFx decreased to its half after 6 hours of incubation at 50°C. However, it retained 78% of initial activity even after 1 hour of treatment with 100% ethanol. As a result, the SFx could be used as an immobilization support of enzyme in non-aqueous media at ambient temperature.     

Effect of using cold plasma on dyeing properties of polypropylene fabrics

The low temperature plasma (LTP) technique is used widely to modify polymer and textile materials. This paper describes the development of a plasma system for textile treatment. Polypropylene (PP) has a very low value of the surface free energy (approximately 20–25 mJ/m²). Due to low surface energy, Polypropylene has very weak hydrophilic properties. By controlling the plasma variables, such as the nature of gas, the discharge power, the pressure and the exposure time, a great variety of surface effects can be generated. In this paper, we report the effect of cold plasma of O₂ and N₂ gases at various time of exposure on the dyeing and physical properties of PP fabrics. The results show a significant increase in the color depth upon dyeing after treating PP fabrics with low temperature plasma of O₂ and N₂. For comparing the amount of fabrics dye exhaustion, we have used reflective spectrophotometer. The morphology of the modified surfaces has also been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And also FTIR was used to examine the functional groups of the corresponding samples.     

The effect of casting solvent on the structural characteristics and miscibility of regenerated silk fibroin/Poly(vinyl alcohol) blends

Regenerated silk fibroin(SF)/Poly(vinyl alcohol)[PVA] blend films were prepared using different casting solvents, water and formic acid, to elucidate the effect of casting solvent on the structure and miscibility of SF/PVA blends. FTIR and XRD measurement suggested thatβ-sheet conformation of SF was not changed by addition of PVA in case of formic acid casting and the casting solvent determined the crystallized component of SF/PVA, leading to a different trend in the overall crystallinity between the two blends. The casting solvent had a dominant role in deciding phase behavior and molecular miscibility of blend films. SEM observation and DMTA measurement elucidated that water solvent produced phase-separated blend films while formic acid yielded one phase blend films with partial miscibility in molecular level indicating that the miscibility of SF blend can be improved by choosing a proper co-solvent.     

The effect of twist liveliness on the woven fabric distortion

This paper deals with the grey fabric deformation during relaxation. It investigates the effect of twist direction and twist liveliness on the 2/2 twill weave woven fabric distortion, during relaxation This experimental work shows that twist liveliness increases the natural tendency of the twill weave woven fabric to skew. In addition when the twist direction of the warp and weft is opposite to each other the bias curling occurs too.     

农民合作经济组织的经济绩效与运作模式 ——基于安徽省茧丝绸产业的调查研究

农民合作经济组织是降低交易成本、推动农业产业化和专业化分工、提高农民组织化程度和福利水平的有效组织形式。文章基于对安徽茧丝绸产业合作经济组织的实地调查,对农民合作经济组织的经济绩效和运作模式进行分析,并提出合作经济组织发展的相应制度安排。     

天然纤维织物双轴向拉伸力学性能影响因素的研究

采用数字散斑相关方法对苎麻纤维织物双轴向拉伸试验中力学性能的影响因素进行探讨,得出如下结论:选取预张力≤10N、拉伸速率≤0.125mm/s,平缓圆弧过渡连接的十字试件作为双轴向拉伸试验条件比较合适;随着X、Y轴向与经、纬向夹角的增加,最大断裂强力值变小,断裂伸长率变大,经、纬向载荷的相对差值变小且在45°时经、纬向断裂载荷变化趋于一致。     

生丝用酒石酸脱胶的工艺条件优化试验

选择酒石酸为生丝脱胶剂,通过正交试验与验证试验优化用酒石酸对生丝脱胶的工艺条件。对生丝脱胶效果影响最大的因素是脱胶温度,其次是酒石酸浓度和脱胶时间,后2个因素对脱胶效果的影响程度相仿。确定生丝用酒石酸脱胶的最佳工艺条件为:酒石酸质量浓度6 g/L,脱胶温度100℃,脱胶时间45 min。在此优化工艺条件下,可获得完全脱胶的生丝,且减少生丝的断裂强力和断裂伸长率损失。试验结果提示酒石酸是一种良好的生丝脱胶剂,用酒石酸脱胶更有利于保持生丝的力学性能。     

强健性三眠蚕种质材料创新及其杂交组合选配研究

三眠蚕可生产特殊用途的超细纤度茧丝。采用眠性稳定的三眠蚕品种和综合经济性状优良的现行生产用四眠蚕品种作亲本进行杂交,选择培育了综合经济性状良好且眠性稳定的强健性三眠蚕中系育种材料三、龙和日系育种材料汇、泉、源、景。经配合力测定和组合筛选,初步选配出的三眠蚕四元杂交组合三·龙×汇·源具有强健好养、眠性稳定、茧丝纤度细、茧丝品质优的特点:三眠率达到98%以上,全龄经过较四眠蚕亲本短1-2 d,茧丝纤度1.75～2.22 dtex,一粒茧丝长1 000～1 200 m,解舒率70%～85%,洁净93～95分。三眠蚕四元杂交组合三.龙×汇.源在农村试养同样表现出眠性稳定、强健好养的特点,适合在华南蚕区推广应用。