N_(98s)×特青(亚种间杂交稻)抽穗后物质生产及分配特点研究初报

对N×特青示范田中试区与肥料试验田各处理小区稻株分析结果表明:抽穗后,亚种间杂交稻N×特青比常规稻特青干物质生产能力强,灌浆速度快;地上部各器官占植株干重比例,前者叶片比重大于茎,后者茎比重大于叶。亚种间杂交稻对肥料反应敏感,抽穗后,干物质累积,植株高度,每穗总粒数和粒重均随施肥量增加而增加,在高肥区有利于进一步提高产量,但增施氮肥后,灌浆速度明显滞后。     

水稻耐盐机理的研究Ⅲ.不同基因型对NaCl吸收和运转的动力学比较

本文应用动力学研究方法比较了具有不同耐盐性的3组共6个水稻基因型对NaCl吸收和运转的差异,结果表明,在外部低NaCl浓度(0.1mmolL~(-1)时,水稻对Na~+的吸收为被动吸收,耐盐基因型对Na~+的吸收速率显著低于盐敏感基因型;对Cl~-的吸收为主动吸收,不同耐盐性基因型吸收Cl~-的动力学参数(V_(?)、K_(?))差异不显著,在外部高NaCl浓度(50mmolL~(-1))时,耐盐基因型对Na~+和cl~-的吸收速率均低于对应的盐敏感基因型。耐盐基因型水稻的Na~+、cl-从根部向地上部的运转率低于对应的盐敏感基因型,这种差异在高盐浓度时更为明显。表明了耐盐基因型水稻地上部对NaCl的排斥作用是吸收控制和运转控制共同作用的结果,使地上部Na~+、Cl-含量相对降低而显出较高的耐盐性。     

Effects of Two Underseed Species, Medicago polymorpha L. and Scorpiurus muricatus L., on the Yield of Main Crop (Durum Wheat) and Subsequent Crop (Teff) Under Humid Moisture Regimes in Ethiopia

Mixed cropping of leguminous underseed species and cereal crops may increase productivity and serve some additional purposes. Two leguminous weed species which are widely distributed in annual crops of the Ethiopian highlands have been studied with varying coverage in greenhouse trials in Ethiopia with regard to their suitability as underseeds and with wheat ( Triticum turgidum [L.] Thell. var. durum [Desf.] MacKey) as a main crop. The competitive effects of Scorpiurus muricatus L. on the grain yield of wheat were smaller than those of Medicago polymorpha L. (-14.1 % and -23.6 % respectively, compared with the underseed free control) which is mainly ascribed to differences in their speed of development and shoot height. The residual effects of the underseed's root masses on the grain yield of the successive teff crop (Eragrostis tef [Zucc] Trotter) were significantly higher with Scorpiurus muricatus (+99.3 %) than with Medicago polymorpha (+63.6 %). The results are discussed with regard to the specific site conditions in the cereal-dominated cropping systems of the Ethiopian highlands.     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

猕猴桃果实成熟前补钙对果实含钙量的影响

猕猴桃果实成熟前用喷叶法和喷果法补钙，可显著提高果实中的钙含量。喷叶较喷果效果好。用Ca(NO3)2喷叶，比用CaCl2处理效果好，差异显著。而果实对CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2的吸收选择性差异不显著。经补钙处理的果实采后进行贮藏效果观察发现：用Ca(NO3)2喷叶处理的果实贮藏性较好，用其喷果处理次之；用CaCl2喷果和喷叶处理的果实贮至28天软果率均达到90％。     

15%苯乙锡·井可湿性粉剂防治稻曲病和稻瘟病试验与研究

近几年来,稻曲病和稻瘟病有流行加剧趋势,长期使用稻瘟灵、三环唑等常规药剂防治药效有所下降。江苏金凤凰农化有限公司研制的15%苯乙锡·井可湿性粉剂(瘟曲必克)经试验能有效地控制穗期稻曲病和稻瘟病的危害。     

西北太平洋公海柔鱼和日本爪乌贼个体发育期营养生态位变化分析

为了更好的了解柔鱼和日本爪乌贼个体发育期营养生态位变化,根据2021-2022年“淞航”号渔业资源调查船所采集36尾柔鱼和30尾日本爪乌贼样本,对其眼睛晶体进行了碳氮稳定同位素分析。结果表明：柔鱼个体δ13C、δ15N值变化幅度分别为0.10‰-1.68‰、0.79‰-7.51‰;日本爪乌贼个体δ13C、δ15N值变化幅度分别为0.15‰-1.20‰、0.81‰-7.05‰。柔鱼、日本爪乌贼生态位面积变化范围分别为0.40‰2-5.85‰2、0.27‰2-5.36‰2。GAM模型分析显示：柔鱼眼睛晶体δ13C、δ15N与晶体直径均具有显著的相关性（P<0.01）,偏差解释率分别为31.9%和34.3%。日本爪乌贼眼睛晶体δ13C、δ15N与晶体直径均具有显著的相关性（P<0.01）,偏差解释率分别为12.9%和19.4%。分析认为,个体营养生态位的变化幅度较大,侧面反映了西北太平洋黑潮-亲潮过渡区同位素基线值变化幅度较大;该海域的柔鱼、日本爪乌贼个体摄食水平存在很大差异;个体发育和基线值是影响组织δ13C、δ15N值的因素。     

江苏某地区稻虾蟹综合种养模式下养殖水和产品中农药残留与风险评价

为掌握江苏省某地区稻田综合种养基地内（“稻-蟹”及“稻-虾”）养殖水环境及水产品中的农药残留特征与生态风险及健康风险,利用三重四极杆气质联用仪（GC-MS/MS）,选择6个养殖区,根据生长周期,跟踪监测养殖水环境及同期水产品（虾、蟹）中208种农药残留情况,并根据商值法对养殖水环境进行生态风险评价,利用食用安全风险指数对水产品进行食用安全分析。结果表明：综合种养模式下,水环境中检出农药的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂等,平均质量分数为0.33 μg·L^-1,同时有少量杀虫剂、杀螨剂、增效剂有检出;在整个生长周期内,稻虾、稻蟹农药残留的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和植物生长调节剂,平均质量分数为6.1 μg·kg^-1 （以湿质量计）。养殖水环境中农药主要来源于养殖前期环境中残留或外源性污染,随着养殖时间延长,农药含量整体趋向于减少,通过对养殖水环境生态风险进行分析,发现各抽样点位联合风险商值（RQ）均在0~1之间,属于中风险,对环境仍具有一定的压力,除草剂等类型农药应引起重视;在监测周期内,水产品中大部分农药的残留量逐渐减少直至未检出,仅有部分点位杀菌剂有少量存在,通过对同期虾、蟹的健康风险进行分析发现,平均食品安全指数远小于1,农药残留的食品安全风险可以接受。     

长期不同施氮量下黑土团聚体稳定性及有机碳含量的变化

为测定不同氮肥施用量对黑土团聚体组成及稳定性、有机碳含量及团聚体有机碳分布的影响,阐明黑土有机碳稳定性对不同施氮水平的响应机制,本研究在吉林省梨树县不同施氮水平长期定位试验田进行取样,以施氮水平不同设置5个处理,分别为T1(0)、T2(160 kg·hm^-2)、T3(240 kg·hm^-2)、T4(280 kg·hm^-2)、T5(320 kg·hm^-2),分析长期不同施氮量下水稳性团聚体组成、团聚体结构特征、土壤总有机碳含量及团聚体有机碳分布的变化,探究酸化黑土有机碳含量影响特征。结果表明：随氮肥施用水平的升高,土壤碱解氮(AN)和全氮(TN)含量先增后减,T3处理含量最高,AN和TN分别比T1处理高24.90%、10.28%;土壤速效磷(AP)的含量呈下降趋势。随氮肥用量的提高,土壤团聚体呈现大粒径团聚体向小粒径团聚体转变的趋势,>2 mm粒径团聚体下降14.55%。土壤有机碳总量随施氮水平的提高呈先增后减的趋势,施氮量为280 kg·hm^-2有机碳含量最高;>2...     

乌鲁木齐周边地区奶牛乳房炎沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解乌鲁木齐周边地区奶牛场奶牛乳房炎沙门氏菌的流行与耐药情况,本研究采集了5个牧场300份奶牛乳房炎奶样,进行沙门氏菌的分离、培养,利用荧光PCR方法鉴定,同时对分离出的阳性菌株采用纸片扩散法进行耐药性分析。结果表明：从奶牛乳房炎样品中分离出12株沙门氏菌,分离率4%;耐药性分析表明分离的沙门氏菌对氨苄西林、四环素、多西环素、链霉素耐药率超过50%,对氨曲南、诺氟沙星、多粘菌素B、头孢他啶敏感性大于70%。此外4株沙门氏菌分离株具有多重耐药性。本研究为本地区奶牛乳房炎的防治提供了依据。