不同添加剂对袋贮玉米秸发酵品质影响的研究

试验通过袋贮玉米秸进行添加剂种类筛选和用量研究。试验设立9个处理,分别为按鲜草重加甲酸1.5,3.0,4.5g·kg-1,加甲醛1.5,3.0,4.5g·kg-1,加甲酸1.5g·kg-1 甲醛1.5g·kg-1,加甲酸3.0g·kg-1 尿素5.0g·kg-1,加甲醛3.0g·kg-1 尿素5.0g·kg-1。另设不加任何添加剂的对照。结果表明:甲酸可作为玉米秸青贮添加剂,添加量按鲜玉米秸3g·kg-1添加,亦可同时添加尿素5.0g·kg-1。玉米秸青贮不宜添加甲醛。尿素与甲醛、甲酸与甲醛也不宜同时添加。     

衍生化气相色谱法检测瘤胃液和青贮液中乳酸对映体和挥发酸

利用手性衍生化试剂L-薄荷醇和气相色谱柱前衍生化,将瘤胃液和青贮液中L-和D-乳酸对映体转化为酯类非对映体对,建立同时分析发酵液中乳酸对映体和挥发酸的气相色谱检测方法。样品乳酸对映体的质量浓度在0.05~10.00 mg/mL范围内时,标准曲线的决定系数分别达到R2=0.999 5和R2=0.999 6。乳酸对映体的回收率为96.15%~108.24%,且相对标准偏差小于5%。采用本方法检测瘤胃液和青贮液样品的L-和D-乳酸对映体含量,并且与酶学检测法进行比较,2种方法的测定结果没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。发酵液中挥发酸经衍生化处理,可以与L-和D-乳酸对映体在同一色谱条件下检测,各组分在0.05~5.00 mg/mL范围内线性良好,R2=0.998 2~0.999 4。乳酸对映体和挥发酸的色谱分析在6 min完成。     

添加己酸和盐酸对玉米秸秆青贮饲料质量的影响

通过测定盐酸、己酸处理的玉米秸秆青贮饲料的pH值、含水率、有机酸含量及组成、干物质消失率、NDF瘤胃降解率、干物质回收率和青贮饲料化学成分，研究了盐酸、己酸的处理对玉米秸秆青贮饲料质量的影响。试验结果表明：在玉米秸秆青贮饲料中添加盐酸，降低了青贮饲料中乳酸占总酸的比例和干物质回收率，并使青贮饲料的细胞壁物质含量显著增加，明显降低了玉米秸秆青贮饲料的质量；己酸的添加对青贮饲料质量无显著影响(P＞0．05)；盐酸和己酸的共同处理除了明显改善青贮饲料的色泽、气味和质地外，还可明显降低青贮饲料中OB，ADF和ADL的含量(P＞0．05)，显著提高了青贮饲料的营养价值。     

Effect of ensiled hop (Humulus lupulus L.) residues on plasma acetate turnover rate in sheep

An isotope dilution method using [1‐¹³C]sodium acetate was applied to determine the effect of feeding ensiled hop (Humulus lupulus L.) residues on plasma acetate turnover rate in six adult crossbred sheep. The sheep were fed 63 g/kg body weight (BW)^0.75/day of either mixed hay of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and round bale silage at 3:1 ratio (Hay‐diet), or another where round bale silage was replaced by ensiled hop residues (Hop‐diet) with a crossover design each of a 3‐week period. The isotope dilution method was performed on day 21 of each dietary treatment. Dry matter digestibility was similar between diets, and nitrogen (N) digestibility was lower (P = 0.001) for Hop‐diet than Hay‐diet. However, N retention did not differ between diets. Plasma acetate concentration was lower (P = 0.04) for Hop‐diet than Hay‐diet, and the turnover rate of plasma acetate did not differ between diets. Plasma concentration of lactate and non‐esterified fatty acids were similar between diets. Hop‐diet was found almost comparable to Hay‐diet on plasma acetate turnover rate in the present experimental conditions. Therefore, it could be concluded that hop residues partially could be used as an alternative to traditionally used round bale silage for rearing sheep.     

含水量和添加剂对沙打旺青贮质量的影响

为了评价沙打旺原料的物料特性,探寻有效改善其青贮饲料发酵品质的措施。试验将原料分为新鲜和晾晒2组,分别设置清水对照(CK)、添加甲酸(6mL/kg)、添加蔗糖(2%)调制处理。室温下用袋贮方式贮藏360d。经分析表明,沙打旺青贮时,晾晒使水分从80%左右降至70%,极显著提高了青贮饲料的pH值(P<0.01),降低了乳酸和氨态氮含量(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,添加甲酸和蔗糖极显著降低了青贮饲料的pH值和氨态氮含量(P<0.01),显著提高了乳酸含量(P<0.05);蔗糖还明显提高了乙酸、丙酸及硝酸盐含量(P<0.05)。晾晒和添加剂对原料干物质含量及保存率无明显影响,但青贮使沙打旺中硝酸盐含量下降70%～77%,亚硝酸盐含量亦显著下降。     

青贮玉米SC704与拉巴豆混播后的青贮品质测定

[目的]为制作出优质青贮饲料奠定基础.[方法]通过对青贮玉米SC704与拉巴豆进行混播,研究不同生育期青贮玉米SC704与拉巴豆混播的生育期、农艺性状、产量与青贮效果.[结果]青贮玉米SC704与拉巴豆混播对其生育期没有影响.混播对青贮玉米SC704的株高、穗位高、茎粗、叶片数的影响不大.青贮玉米SC704与拉巴豆混播能够提高CP和RFV的值,还可以降低NDF和ADF含量.[结论]青贮玉米SC704与拉巴豆混播可以改善饲料的青贮品质.     

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Whole-Crop Pea and Pea–Cereal Mixture Silages Grown in South-western Quebec

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre (IVNDFD) digestibilities of silages made from whole‐crop pea [Pisum sativum L. (PS)], pea–wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (PW)], pea–barley [Hordeum vulgare L. (PB)] and pea–oat [Avena sativa L. (PO)] mixtures harvested 8 weeks (H8) and 10 weeks (H10) after seeding. Forty‐five days after ensiling, all forages were well ensiled as indicated by low pH and low water‐soluble carbohydrate content and high lactic acid concentration. Regardless of forage type, crude protein (CP) and IVNDFD were higher while starch and acid detergent lignin were lower in H8 than H10. However, harvest date had no effect on neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre of the silages. Within each harvest date, CP was higher while NDF was lower for PS than pea–cereal silages. Differences in CP and fibre fractions between the pea–cereal mixture silages were not consistent for the two harvest dates. The IVDMD of PS was higher than that of the three pea–cereal mixture silages in H8 but was only higher than that of PB in H10. For the pea–cereal mixtures, IVDMD was higher for PO than PB and PW in H8 and was higher for PB than PW in H10. It was concluded that silage from pea monoculture had similar forage yields and a generally higher nutritive value than silages from pea–cereal mixtures.     

Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from grass silage.

Two hundred and ninety-one grass silage samples from 113 farms with recent outbreaks of listeriosis were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). The frequency of Lm isolations increased with increasing pH. Lm was isolated from 22 % of the samples with pH < 4, from 37 % with pH 4–5 and from 56 % with pH > 5. Formic acid had been used as additive.A similar investigation was carried out on 32 samples from a farm with no outbreak of listeriosis during the investigation period. Lm was isolated from 9 samples.