Evaluation of Associative Effect of Whole Corn Silage and Millet Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This research adopted fermentation gas production method in vitro to evaluate the associative effect of whole corn silage (WCS) and millet straw (MS).The WCS was mixed with MS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50, 40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group.The gas production,pH,ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial crude protein (MCP) and dry matter loss (DML) for 24,48 and 72 h of varying forage combinations were analyzed.Single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) of different combinations were calculated. The results showed as follows:There were significant differences of gas production among different combinations (P<0.05),and the best combination was the WCS80 group. With creasing of the content of MS,DML decreased,but the DML of WCS80 and WCS100 were similar (P>0.05). The MCP concentration of WCS100 and WCS80 was extremely significantly or significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05;P<0.01). The VFA concentration showed significant differences among different combinations (P<0.05).Among the different combinations of WCS and MS,the MFAEI of WCS80 was the largest,and that were 0.5517,0.5094 and 0.9860 at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. The best combination of WCS and MS was 80:20.     

Reduced tillage in temperate organic farming: implications for crop management and forage production

To promote conservation tillage in organic farming systems, weed control and ley removal within arable-ley rotations need to be optimized. A long-term field trial was thus established in Frick, Switzerland in 2002 on a clayey soil and with a mean precipitation of 1000 mm/year. The tillage experiment distinguished between conventional tillage with mouldboard ploughing (CT, 15 cm depth) and reduced tillage (RT), including a chisel plough (15 cm) and a stubble cleaner (5 cm). Results of a 2-year grass-clover ley (2006/2007) and silage maize (2008) are presented. Due to dry conditions, mean grass-clover yields were 25% higher in RT than in CT, indicating better water retention of RT soils. Clover cover and mineral contents of the fodder mixture were also higher in RT. The ley was successfully removed in autumn 2007 in RT plots, and a winter pea catch crop was sown before maize. In CT, ploughing took place in spring 2008. Maize yields were 34% higher in RT than in CT, despite a two- to three-fold higher but still tolerable weed infestation. Maize in RT plots benefited from an additional 61.5 kg of easily decomposable organic N/ha incorporated into the soil via the pea mulch. Measurement of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of maize roots indicated a similar mechanical disturbance of the topsoil through the reduced ley removal system compared with ploughing. It is suggested that RT is applicable in organic farming, even in arable-ley rotations, but long-term effects need further assessment.     

青贮玉米的发展前景与栽培技术

青贮玉米是我市近年来新开发利用的种植与养殖业相结合的产业结构调整发展链 ,把两者有机地结合起来互促共同发展 ,是提高两个效益的基础 ,高产、优质、低耗栽培技术的推广普及是产业结构链发展的起点 ,高产栽培的配套技术是 :选用优良品种——白顶 ;合理密植 ( 6～ 7)× 1 0 4· hm- 2 ;肥料运筹科学合理 ,基肥∶苗肥∶穗肥∶粒肥 =3∶ 1∶ 5∶ 1     

全株玉米青贮与去穗秸秆青贮饲喂肉牛的增重效果对比试验

利用蜡熟期全株玉米青贮和完熟期去穗玉米秸秆青贮,分别饲喂肉牛,进行育肥增重试验。30头供试肉牛平均分为两组,通过对比试验,其结果为:喂全株玉米青贮组头均日增重1891g,喂去穗秸秆青贮组头均日增重 997 g,经分析差异极显著(P<0.01)。将两组所耗精料、粗料及所增毛重按当时市场价分析,60 d试验结束,喂全株青贮组和去穗青贮组,平均每头获利分别为291.90元和97.02元;每千克增重费用分别为4.69元和5.28元。用全株玉米青贮饲喂肉牛效果优于去穗秸秆青贮,且适口性强,消化利用率高,增重效果明显,在平原农区应大力推广。     

带棒青贮饲用玉米饲喂奶牛的增产增收效果初报

以带棒青贮饲用玉米代替青贮玉米秸秆饲喂泌乳奶牛,30d内头日平均增产奶量6.62kg,资金投入产出比为1:4.5。以玉米作带棒青贮比用作生产玉米子粒亩增收120元,推广玉米带棒青贮是提高粮农和奶农经济收入的重要途径     

乳酸菌复合系和植物乳杆菌提高柳枝稷青贮效果

该文旨在探讨接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）对柳枝稷青贮效果的影响。以营养生长阶段的柳枝稷为原料,分别接种1 OD600/kg 鲜质量的SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum,以不接菌的处理作为对照。在发酵第3、10、20和30天开罐取样进行检测分析发酵饲料品质,通过短期人工瘤胃技术测定体外瘤胃发酵参数的变化,并运用高通量测序技术分析原料和青贮料的细菌多样性。结果表明：接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum均能有效抑制Enterobacter和Clostridium,使Lactobacillus成为控制发酵的优势菌,加快青贮过程中pH值的下降速率,提高柳枝稷青贮饲料品质,并提高柳枝稷青贮料的瘤胃发酵效果,复合菌系SGL比纯培养的Lactobacillus Plantarum的效果更突出。     

糖蜜和农副产品复合添加物对苜蓿青贮品质的影响

研究了不同添加量的糖蜜(0%、5%、10%)和稻草、麸皮、米糠复合添加物对新鲜苜蓿青贮品质的影响.结果表明,添加糖蜜明显改善了青贮饲料的感官品质,提高了粗蛋白质和乳酸含,降低了铵态氮和总氮的比值以及饲料的pH值,添加5%糖蜜组、10%糖蜜组的各项指标与不加糖蜜组(0%)相比,差异极显著(P《0.01);添加糖蜜后挥发性脂肪酸的含量也均下降,但3个试验组之间差异不显著(P》0.05):添加5%、10%糖蜜组之间的平均乳酸含量、平均pH值差异极显著(P《0.01),其他各项指标无显著差异;添加糖蜜后,同麸皮、米糠相比,添加稻草极显著地提高了青贮饲料的乳酸含量、降低了pH值(P《0.01);不加糖蜜时不同的添加物则无显著差异,水分含量影响青贮饲料的品质,农副产品添加量大时,青贮效果较好.     

玉米及其秸秆肥育肉牛效果与经济效益的对比研究

对玉米及其秸秆采用 3种收获处理方式 :全株收获并青贮、基本成熟时收获子实后鲜秸秆及时青贮和完成成熟后收获子实干秸秆作为饲料。根据饲养标准 ,用玉米、鲜酒糟、豆粕等将玉米全株青贮饲料、鲜秆青贮饲料和干玉米秸秆分别配制成标准日粮 ,肥育架子牛 90d。试验结果表明 :日粮消化率、试牛日增重、产肉率及牛肉品质均以全株青贮日粮组为最好 ;养牛效益和每公顷耕地效益也以全株收获方式最好 ,鲜秆青贮次之 ,玉米完全成熟后收获子实干秸秆饲用方式最差。