地下汽车库通风排烟设计中应注意的几个问题

本文论述了在执行GB50067-91《汽车库修车库、停车库设计防火规范》的基础上,设计地下车库排风排烟、进风系统时应注意的几个问题。     

常规治疗加高频通气对哮喘持续状态的疗效观察

本文报道加用高频通气治疗哮喘持续状态的新方法,哮喘症状控制时间及住院天数均较常规治疗佳,收到满意效果,并就治疗机理进行讨论。     

水帘过滤负压抽风对兔舍小气候和家兔的影响

[目的]探讨水帘过滤负压纵向通风调节室内小气候的可行性,为标准化兔舍设计提供依据。[方法]选用水帘过滤负压抽风兔舍和室内放置轴流通风机兔舍各一栋,在开启有关设备时测定室内温度、湿度、氨气浓度、空气流速的变化,统计对比母兔的繁殖仔兔数、死亡数、投入产出指标。[结果]试验兔舍与对照兔舍的温度差异显著(P<0.05),氨气浓度差异极显著(P<0.01),母兔的繁殖率明显提高,死亡数、单位生产成本明显降低。[结论]水帘降温纵向抽风可以有效控制室内小气候,是一种能兼顾降温与通风且单位生产成本较低的方法,值得在南方兔舍设计中推广。     

冬季侧窗通风猪舍氨气和温室气体排放特征

冬季猪舍通风管理方式影响猪舍内的环境质量以及污染物的排放,为确定改造后猪舍侧窗负压通风系统6阶段管理对冬季舍内环境质量以及氨气和温室气体排放的影响,对舍内温度、湿度和空气流速等环境指标进行了测定,采用水分平衡方程确定了不同通风阶段猪舍的通风率,利用INNOVA 1412多气体分析仪-连续采样测试技术,对冬季猪舍NH_3、N_2O、CH_4和CO_2的排放进行了测定,确定了不同通风量条件下氨气和温室气体的排放率。结果表明,冬季侧窗通风密闭式育肥猪舍平均温度为13.7℃,湿度为69.7%,舍内最大温度与湿度差值分别为3.2℃和39.6%,平均通风率为6 207 m~3·h~(-1)(单头生猪通风量:24.9 m~3·h~(-1)),舍内平均空气流速为0.28 m·s~(-1),满足了育肥猪生长的要求;冬季试验猪舍中NH_3平均浓度范围在8.42～15.63 mg·m~(-3),CO_2平均浓度范围保持在2 509～5 303 mg·m~(-3)之间,CH_4浓度变化在1.11～5.90 mg·m~(-3),可满足冬季育肥猪生长的需求;单头生猪NH_3、CO_2和CH_4的平均排放率分别为250.0 mg·h~(-1)、79.9 g·h~(-1)、57.7 mg·h~(-1),单头生猪累积日排放量分别为6.0 g·d~(-1)、1.92 kg·d~(-1)和1.39 g·d~(-1),试验期间没有监测到N_2O的排放;采用的6级通风管理模式显著影响NH_3、CO_2的平均排放率,对CH_4的排放影响不显著。     

智能机械通风控制系统的实现和应用

系统采用计算机网络控制技术、智能技术,自动控制粮仓通风设备启停和粮仓门窗的开关。依据《储粮机械通风技术规程》和相关智能通风策略对粮仓进行通风,达到降温通风、降水通风和调质通风等目的,有效控制粮仓的储粮环境和粮食品质,从而达到绿色安全储粮的目的。     

Comparison between mainstream (Capnostat 5) and a low-flow sidestream capnometer (Capnostream) in mechanically ventilated,sevoflurane-anesthetized rabbits using a Bain coaxial delivery system

ObjectiveTo evaluate agreement between end-tidal carbon dioxide (Pe′CO₂) and PaCO₂ with sidestream and mainstream capnometers in mechanically ventilated anesthetized rabbits, with two ventilatory strategies.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA total of 10 New Zealand White rabbits weighing 3.6 ± 0.3 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsRabbits anesthetized with sevoflurane were intubated with an uncuffed endotracheal tube (3.0 mm internal diameter) and adequate seal. For Pe′CO₂, the sidestream capnometer sampling adapter or the mainstream capnometer was placed between the endotracheal tube and Bain breathing system (1.5 L minute^–1 oxygen). PaCO₂ was obtained from arterial blood collected every 5 minutes. A time-cycled ventilator delivered an inspiratory time of 1 second and 12 or 20 breaths minute^–1. Peak inspiratory pressure was initially set to achieve Pe′CO₂ normocapnia of 35–45 mmHg (4.6–6.0 kPa). A total of five paired Pe′CO₂ and PaCO₂ measurements were obtained with each ventilation mode for each capnometer. Anesthetic episodes were separated by 7 days. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis and linear mixed models; p < 0.05.ResultsThere were 90 and 83 pairs for the mainstream and sidestream capnometers, respectively. The mainstream capnometer underestimated PaCO₂ by 12.6 ± 2.9 mmHg (proportional bias 0.44 ± 0.06 mmHg per 1 mmHg PaCO₂ increase). With the sidestream capnometer, ventilation mode had a significant effect on Pe′CO₂. At 12 breaths minute^–1, Pe′CO₂ underestimated PaCO₂ by 23.9 ± 8.2 mmHg (proportional bias: 0.81 ± 0.18 mmHg per 1 mmHg PaCO₂ increase). At 20 breaths minute^–1, Pe′CO₂ underestimated PaCO₂ by 38.8 ± 5.0 mmHg (proportional bias 1.13 ± 0.10 mmHg per 1 mmHg PaCO₂ increase).Conclusions and clinical relevanceBoth capnometers underestimated PaCO₂. The sidestream capnometer underestimated PaCO₂ more than the mainstream capnometer, and was affected by ventilation mode.     

Development and evaluation of an anatomically designed and 3D printed device to enhance orotracheal intubation success in rabbits by inexperienced veterinarians

ObjectiveTo assess whether the use of a three-dimensional (3D) printed device enhances the success rate of orotracheal intubation in rabbits.Study designProspective, crossover randomized controlled trial.AnimalsA total of six mixed-breed rabbits.MethodsA device to guide the endotracheal tube was designed based on computed tomography images and then manufactured using 3D printing. Rabbits were randomly assigned for intubation by two inexperienced veterinarians using the blind (BLI), borescope- (BOR) or device- (DEV) guided techniques. Success rate, number of attempts, time to success, injury scores and propofol dose were recorded and compared. Significance was considered when p < 0.05.ResultsSuccess rate was higher in DEV (58.3%) than in BLI (8.3%) (p < 0.023), but not different from that in BOR (41.6%). Total time until successful intubation was lower in DEV (45 ± 23 seconds) and BOR (85 ± 62 seconds) than in BLI (290 seconds; p < 0.006). Time for the successful attempt was lower for DEV (35 ± 10 seconds) and BOR (74 ± 43 seconds) than in BLI (290 seconds; p < 0.0001). The propofol dose required was lower for DEV (2.3 ± 1.2 mg kg^–1) than for BLI (3.4 ± 1.6 mg kg^–1) (p < 0.031), but not different from BOR (2.4 ± 0.9 mg kg^–1). Number of attempts and oxygen desaturation events were not different among techniques (p < 0.051 and p < 0.326, respectively). Injury scores [median (range)] before and after attempts were different in BLI [0 versus 1 (0–3), p < 0.005] and BOR [0 (0–1) versus 1 (0–3), p < 0.002] but not in DEV [0 (0–2) versus 0 (0–3), p < 0.109].Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe device facilitated orotracheal intubation with a time similar to the borescope-guided technique but faster than the traditional blind technique.     

竖壁贴附送风改善冷藏库内流场特性

果蔬贮藏期间,冷藏库内的气流分布是影响果蔬贮藏品质和送风能量利用率的关键因素,合理的气流组织对冷藏库内流场分布是至关重要的。该研究以某苹果冷藏库为研究对象,采用竖壁贴附送风方式,并对其流场建立了三维稳态的SST湍流模型来研究库内流场的分布特性以及货物的冷却效果,同时与传统的冷风机直吹送风的流场特性进行了对比。结果表明：在相同送风量下,相比冷风机直吹送风方式,竖壁贴附送风使得库内温度不均匀系数和速度不均匀系数分别降低了31%和47%。而且竖壁贴附送风使库内空气与货物的换热更加充分,进而使得送风的能量利用率提高了19%。因此,竖壁贴附送风方式应用于冷藏库是一种有效且节能的气流组织方式。