大熊猫主食竹种的研究与进展

回顾了大熊猫主食竹种的研究历史,并着重从主食竹种的分类与分布、生理生化特征、生态生物学特性、营林技术、大熊猫对主食竹种的食用、主食竹种病虫害以及高新技术在竹类研究中的应用等7个方面综述了自20世纪70年代以来的研究成果,最后提出了今后的发展趋势。     

新疆鄯善种子植物物种多样性及区系分析

文中在形态分类学研究的基础上,对鄯善野生种子植物物种多样性与区系地理进行了分析。鄯善共有种子植物48科177属,296种2亚种1变种。科的组成中,就属水平而言,寡属科与多属科构成科结构的主体,所含属数占74.01%,而就种水平而言,则大科和寡种科为主体,所含种数占81.94%;属的组成中,单种属和寡种属构成属结构的主体,所含种数占88.63%。该区新疆特有种与中国新疆仅分布种占26.09%,比例较高。生活型以地面芽植物与一、二年生植物为主;生态型以旱生植物与中生植物占较大优势,占种数的77.92%,与其区系的温带干旱性质相吻合。属的分布区类型表明,该区系地理成分多样,有11个分布类型和10个变型,温带性质明显,约占72.3%,以北温带为主。     

Splenectomy enhances sensitivity of islets to STZ in mice

AIM: To explore the protective role of spleen in damage of islet beta cells induced by streptozotocin (STZ).METHODS: Splenectomy in mice was performed by surgery. Sixty splenectomy mice were divided into 3 groups as the mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ at doses of 80 mg/kg or 160 mg/kg, and saline, respectively. Sixty normal mice (without splenectomy) were also grouped and treated as above for controls. One week later, fasting blood glucose and serum insulin were monitored,and beta cell mass and the apoptosis of islet cells were analyzed by the methods of immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. The content of reactive oxygen species was determined by the method of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence.RESULTS: Compared to the normal control mice, the concentrations of fasting blood glucose significantly increased, and serum insulin reduced in splenectomy mice treated with STZ at the dose of 80 mg/kg. Moreover, beta cell mass decreased, enrichment factor of nucleosomes of islet apoptotic cells and reactive oxygen species produced in pancreas tissues significantly increased in splenectomy mice treated with STZ at the dose of 80 mg/kg.CONCLUSION: Splenectomy increases the sensitivity of islets to STZ in mice by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species in pancreas.     

毛竹林物种多样性对集约经营的响应模型

根据岛屿生物地理学理论及其物种-面积关系:S=cAz,构建数学生态模型,研究集约经营对毛竹林物种多样性的影响.得出两点:(1)竹林生物多样性对集约经营的响应具有一定的面积效应,即原粗放经营竹林的面积越大,物种减少幅度就越大,原竹林越小,物种减少幅度就越小;(2)毛竹林诱导扩张过程符合Logistic方程,随着时间的延长...     

贵州省竹类植物种类

贵州省地处中国西南地区东南部,气候温暖湿润,属亚热带湿润季风气候,降水较多,雨季明显,是我国竹类植物的主产省区之一,也是竹类资源较为丰富的省区之一。为探明贵州省分布的竹类植物现状,文章结合《中国竹类图志》《中国植物志》《贵州植物志》及竹类植物研究者统计的贵州省竹种资源,确认了贵州省分布的竹类植物有19属、76种、3变种、6变型,共85种（不包括引种）。研究结果可以为贵州竹资源基础研究和开发利用提供信息支撑。     

长江口海域营养盐的形态和分布特征

利用2007年4月对长江口海域航次的调查结果,对该海域营养盐的形态和分布特征进行了探讨,并对其主要控制过程进行了讨论.结果表明:长江口海域营养盐的浓度变化范围较大,整体分布趋势是由近岸向外海逐渐降低,且明显受水文状况影响.在长江口海域,磷主要以磷酸盐的形式存在,其余依次是溶解有机磷、颗粒态磷;氮主要以硝酸盐的形式存在,其余依次是溶解有机氮、颗粒态氮、氨氮、亚硝酸盐.硝酸盐和硅酸盐的行为是保守的,其行为主要受咸淡水混合过程控制;磷酸盐、溶解有机磷、颗粒态磷、亚硝酸盐、氨氮和溶解有机氮的行为是非保守的.     

甘肃叶蜂种类调查及分类研究 Ⅱ.扁蜂科和广蜂科属种名录

整理采自甘肃膜翅目扁蜂科和广蜂科标本总计86号,经鉴定分为5属21种,其中,扁蜂科4属20种,包括11新种:斑唇阿扁蜂、白脉阿扁蜂、黑毛阿扁蜂、武氏齿扁蜂、刻唇齿扁蜂、褐斑扁蜂、秦岭扁蜂、黑痣扁蜂、李氏扁蜂、唐氏扁蜂和甘肃扁蜂;广蜂科1属1种。     

苏州主要园林树种的光合固碳能力对比分析

园林树种的光合固碳能够维持城市空气中CO2和O2的平衡。以苏州地区32个园林树种为材料,利用Li-6400便携式光合作用仪测定了其光合日变化,并利用测定结果计算其日净固碳能力,再以聚类分析法对其日净固碳量进行分类。结果如下:第1类[日净固碳量极高,17.55~18.76 g/(m2·d)]有紫荆、枫杨、垂柳,第2类[日净固碳量高,12.25~16.02 g/(m2·d)]有大叶女贞、乌桕、榉树、枫香树、垂丝海棠、樱花、夹竹桃,第3类[日净固碳量中等,8.57~11.97 g/(m2·d)]有银杏、红花檵木、朴树、乐昌含笑、红叶李、杜英、海桐、金边黄杨、杜鹃、重阳木、樟树、金丝桃、红叶石楠,第4类[日净固碳量低,3.81~7.64 g/(m2·d)]有红枫、洒金东瀛珊瑚、金叶女贞、八角金盘、五角枫、鹅掌楸、紫薇、木芙蓉、桂花。上述分析结果可对苏州的园林规划及树种选择提供一定的理论指导。     

豫西黄土高原主要造林树种VA菌根真菌研究

对豫西黄土高原主要造林树种毛白杨、榆树、泡桐、刺槐、柳树、臭椿等根际土VA菌根真菌进行了鉴定,共鉴定出VA菌根真菌9种:沙漠球囊霉(G lom us desertico la)、缩球囊霉(G.constric-tum)、苏格兰球囊霉(G.caledon ium)、摩西球囊霉(G.m osseae)、地球囊霉(G.geospora)、单孢球囊霉(G.m onosporum)、透光球囊霉(G.d iaphanum)微丛球囊霉(G.m icroaggregatum)和网纹盾巨孢囊霉(Scutellospora reticu lata),其中缩球囊霉是优势种。描述了种的形态学特征,并对其分布规律进行了初步探讨。     

Responses of subshrub sagebrush rangeland in North-Western China to changes in livestock numbers and rainfall over 10 years (2004–2013)

Seriphidium transiliense, or subshrub sagebrush, is one of the most important forage resources for livestock in many arid lands, but such resources have been threatened by overgrazing for a long time. A 2013 vegetation survey of an original sagebrush rangeland (2400?ha) in the Tianshan Mountains revealed that nearly half of the area once under sagebrush has been replaced by annual species. This is due to the continual and rapid increase in livestock numbers over the past 30?years. Three smaller sites with different grazing scenarios: no grazing (Site N), a decline (Site 1), and an increase (Site 2) in livestock numbers, were selected to monitor recent changes (from 2004 to 2013) in vegetation biomass and the degree of dominance by sagebrush. Supplanting happened at Site 2 but little occurred at Site 1. There were significant differences between Site 2 and Site 1 in standing biomass in Spring and Summer, but no significant differences in Summer between Site 1 and Site N. The supplanting of sagebrush marks the completion of a dynamic process – in which rainfall plays a crucial role – of damage to sagebrush from heavy grazing in drought years and its rehabilitation by light grazing in some good years. Plant biomass loss was greatest when the land was first subjected to heavy grazing. Sagebrush tends to exist as a sole-dominant species rather than a companion species in sagebrush communities. This suggests that sagebrush continued to survive in pockets where grazing pressure had declined.