版纳甜龙竹笋早发多发技术措施试验

对云南省勐海县竹类科技园的版纳甜龙竹笋用林进行4因素3水平正交试验L9(34),即施肥、晒塘、覆盖、断顶4种处理,每种处理3个水平。结果表明,施肥可明显提高竹笋总产量,达到极显著差异;晒塘、覆盖和断顶都能明显提高提前发笋产量,达到显著或极显著差异;施肥、晒塘和覆盖都能提高经济效益,而断顶对提高经济效益没有达到显著差异。版纳甜龙竹笋早发多发技术措施最优组合为在春节后对竹篼晒塘30天,原表土恢复后,再用砻糠覆盖20cm厚,在10中旬施底肥(农家肥),3月中旬施第一次追肥(尿素+复合肥),6月中旬施第二次追肥(尿素+复合肥),能明显提高其发笋总产量、提前发笋产量和经济效益。     

Constraints on smallholder market oriented dairy systems in the north eastern coastal region of Tanzania

Twenty five smallholder dairy farmers and other stakeholders, through a Participatory Rural Appraisal in three wards of the Tanga township of north east coastal Tanzania, ranked their perceived constraints in descending order of importance: Low milk price and marketing, feed shortage in the dry season, poor management, low animal productivity, poor reproductive performance and diseases. Tick borne diseases were reported on a majority of farms. An Economic Opportunity Survey revealed wide ranges in management indices and improvement in annual milk production, age at first calving and lactation length to represent the best potential for gain. Performance generally was below locally set targets. Farmers spent on average in the three wards between 39% and 77% of income from milk on feed costs yearly. Interventions were instituted emphasising those that farmers could afford immediately. They included farmer training, dry season feed supplementation, tick control, improvement of animal shed/house cleanliness and the formation of a cooperative for milk marketing. Partial budgeting is being used to monitor success. Follow-up meetings and regular visits to farms by field officers are disseminating information on outcomes to encourage farmers to continue with interventions and spread useful knowledge to friends and neighbours.     

麻竹出笋和高生长规律的研究

１９９５年５至１０月, 麻竹中心分布区福建省毕安县对麻竹出笋和高生长规律进行的试验研究结果表明,采用有序样本的聚类分析方法,可将麻竹出笋过程和高生长过程定量地划分为３个时期：初期、盛期和末期。出笋盛期的笋量占全期的５７．４８％,个体平均质量１．２６ｋｇ,高生长盛期生长量占全高的８１．１２％,日平均生长量为２０．４４ｃｍ;麻竹高生长过程可用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ和Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ曲线模拟,相关系数较高,最     

循环经济理念下绿色饲料产业的机遇和挑战

传统经济对工业进步的推动作用不可小觑,但这种传统的经济理念在改变人们生活方式的同时也带来了资源的破坏.这种环境和经济发展不平衡的现象影响了未来人类的生存环境与经济发展方式.对此,建立循环经济理念,以可持续的资源保护方式推动产业发展,走资源循环路线非常重要.本文从循环经济的理论基础着手,探讨了循环经济与绿色饲料产业之间的...     

加入WTO后我国蔬菜产业面临的机遇、冲击与对策

本文解析了加入WTO后我国蔬菜产业面临的机遇,并结合WTO的具体规则,重点剖析了蔬菜产业面临的冲击,进而提出蔬菜产业的“竞争性发展战略”,指出应着力实现从自给自足型产业向市场竞争型产业转变,从数量增长型产业向质量效益型产业转变,从单一化出口市场向多元化出口市场转变,从农户分散化经营向有组织的规模化经营转变,以及从计划经济体制向市场经济体制转变,以提升我国蔬菜产业的竞争力。     

云南方竹出笋成竹规律

对云南省澜沧县境内分布的云南方竹出笋成竹规律进行了研究。结果表明：云南方竹出笋期为9月下旬至11月上旬,历时约40 d;初期笋的成竹率最高(达91.67%),末期笋的成竹率最低;新竹秆高、胸径分别集中在3.51～5.00 m和1.51～2.50 cm;末期笋退笋较多,退笋高度主要集中在40 cm以下;引起云南方竹退笋的主要原因是养分供给不足,其退笋数占退笋总数的73.33%;云南方竹的高生长持续70 d左右,呈现出“慢—快—慢”的生长规律。研究结果可为云南方竹的推广应用提供科学依据。     

A comprehensive approach for assessing the economic contribution of forage and livestock improvement options to smallholder farming enterprises

The importance of livestock production activities to improving the livelihoods of smallholder farming households and the efficiency of their underlying farming systems is increasingly recognized.A rapid increase in livestock numbers, especially beef cattle, and special purpose forages is being promoted for smallholder farms which have traditionally undertaken subsistence cropping activities or simple livestock rearing activities using low quality feedstuffs.Because limited plantings of specialized forages combined with a poor knowledge of animal nutrition are a challenge to establishing sustainable livestock enterprises, much public policy and research is now being focused on the use of new forages and improved feeding practices.A number of economic studies have suggested that specialized forage growing and livestock feeding activities can make a positive contribution to smallholder welfare.The studies have typically compared the total level of farm or household income with and without livestock activities.Little attention is given to how much the new forage or livestock activities actually contribute to or draw resources from other farm activities to assess their real economic contribution to the enterprise, and the availability of simple tools to assist in making such assessments are limited.This paper describes a simple modelling approach that was developed for an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ACIAR)-supported project to explore the real as opposed to apparent economic impact of integrating improved forages and livestock within smallholder farming systems in the Red Soils region of south-central China.Application of the model is demonstrated using a simple case study of a smallholder enterprise that plans to introduce a new beef cattle rearing activity to its existing farm activity mix.The case study highlights the importance of explicitly valuing transfers of resources between different farm activities to gauge the real contribution of those activities to economic returns.     

篮球最佳投篮时机的选择

篮球比赛中,投篮时机的选择对运动员的投篮命中率和比赛胜负影响巨大。在自已投篮命中率较高的位置或区域,在避开防守队员防守,在出现投篮机会且又有同伴处于抢篮板球的有利位置,在进攻战术成功后或战术需要时应果断出手投篮。     

不同水分管理措施对抽梢期油茶树体养分含量的影响

为探讨不同水分管理对抽梢期油茶树体养分状况的影响,从而为油茶水分管理提供科学依据。以‘长林4号’5年生油茶为试材,设置滴灌+花生秆+稻草、滴灌+生态膜、滴灌+油茶壳、滴灌、滴灌+黑地膜、花生秆+稻草、生态膜、油茶壳、黑地膜、不覆盖不灌水(CK)共10种水分管理措施,测定不同水分管理措施下抽梢期树体各器官氮、磷、钾养分含量,并对各养分分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:不同水分管理措施对抽梢期油茶老叶和根N、P、K含量、新叶P、K含量以及枝条P养分含量影响差异显著。不同水分管理措施对抽梢期老叶、根养分含量具有明显促进作用,对当年生新叶和枝条的影响比较小。滴灌+花生秆+稻草处理和滴灌+黑地膜处理更有利于养分的积累,滴灌+花生秆+稻草处理是最经济最环保的水分管理措施。     

新形势下中国种业市场的机遇与挑战

中国是传统农业大国,粮食问题一直备受关注,作为粮食产业的源头支柱——种子产业,对国民经济的发展举足轻重。针对新时期中国种业市场实际情况,从种业市场现状、市场面临的问题、市场潜力以及种子企业应对措施等方面逐一分析,并对整个市场进行了趋势预测,以为行业决策提供参考。