The Influence of the Housing System on Salmonella Infections in Laying Hens: A Review

From 2012 onwards, housing of laying hens in conventional battery cages will be forbidden in the European Union and only enriched cages and non‐cage housing systems such as aviaries, floor‐raised, free‐range and organic systems will be allowed. Although this ban aims at improving the welfare of laying hens, it has also initiated the question whether there are any adverse consequences of this decision, especially with respect to the spread and/or persistence of zoonotic agents in a flock. A zoonotic agent that is traditionally associated with the consumption of eggs and egg products is Salmonella enteritidis. This paper provides a summary of the current knowledge regarding the direct and indirect effects of different housing systems on the occurrence and epidemiology of Salmonella in laying hen flocks.     

“三线一圆”理念对高等教育工作的启示

借鉴“三线一圆”企业管理理论,把高校看作一个“生产”人才的特殊“企业”,将该理论中用于描绘企业生存和发展美好蓝图的业务线、制度线、声誉线和文化圆这四个抽象的管理元素用于构建高校教育管理的新模式。指出在高等教育工作中,通过强化高等教育事业的业务质量线、制度管理线、品牌声誉线,夯实校园文化内涵圆,从而构建全面造就人,综合发展人,科学培养人这一高等教育管理的系统工程。     

O型口蹄疫病毒P1-2A3C基因在家蚕杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

口蹄疫是一种严重危害畜牧业生产的烈性传染病。为了促进O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)基因工程活载体疫苗的研制,选取O型FMDV编码序列中的衣壳蛋白前体P1-2A基因和蛋白酶3C基因,插入家蚕杆状病毒转移载体pVL1393中,构建重组载体pVL-P1-2A3C,并与线性化病毒Bm-BacPAK6 DNA共转染家蚕BmN细胞,获得重组病毒Bm-P1-2A3C。将重组病毒感染家蚕5龄幼虫,以双抗体夹心ELISA法和间接血凝方法检测血淋巴中的表达产物:目的蛋白在感染病毒后120 h的蚕血淋巴中表达量最高,抗原表达呈阳性的最大稀释倍数为1∶128。结果显示O型FMDV的P1-2A3C基因已在家蚕体内获得表达。     

西安市44个草坪草品种引种试验研究

为选择适合西安市城市绿化草坪草种,于2001—2003年在西安市进行了草坪草引种试验研究,其中包括黑麦草、羊茅、翦股颖、早熟禾属在内的44个品种。通过建立草坪草评价体系,观察了草坪草颜色、盖度、密度、均一性等4项指标,并筛选出适应性较好,品质相对优良的早熟禾,高羊茅等草坪草品种,以供西安市绿化建植草坪参考。     

Review of the measuring precision of the new Meibometer® MB550 through repeated measurements in dogs

Objective A meibometer is a device to measure the delivery rate of lipids on the eyelid margin. The aim of this study is to determine the measuring precision of the new Meibometer^® MB550 (Courage-Khazaka electronic GmbH, 50829, Cologne, Germany), linked to a computer, by means of repeated measurements in dogs by different examiners. Procedure Two investigators measured the lipid rate on the eyelid margin in 10 healthy dogs for 10 days. One examiner measured the right eye (OD) and the other measured the left eye (OS) for 5 days. After 5 days, the eyes to be measured were switched between the examiners. The new device was able to record all measurement values as charts and curves in comparison to the previous Meibometer, which displayed only one value. Results Mean meibomium lipid level ± SD in the OD and OS of 10 dogs in 10 days was 211 ± 48 MU and 205 ± 41 MU (meibometer units), respectively. There was no significant difference between OD and OS, but a broad distribution of the values could be found. Gender did not influence the measurements. A significant difference was determined between the measurements in the first 5 days to those in the following 5 days. There was, therefore, also a significant difference in the measurements of the 2 examiners. Conclusion Meibometry is a minimally invasive lipid measuring method on the eyelid margin. Repeated measurement results obtained by two examiners, with the new device Meibometer MB550 linked to a computer, showed a wide range of values. The measuring precision of the new Meibometer MB550 is therefore questionable.     

论野生动物侵权的法律制度

野生动物的保护在近些年来备受关注,由于环境的逐渐恶劣,致使很多野生动物不得不离开原来的生长之地,从新寻找能够生存的栖息地。野生动物从曾经的远离人类,到现今的与人类争夺领地,这种现象不仅破坏了野生动物的生活轨迹,也扰乱了人类的正常生活,更直接致使野生动物的侵权案件频频发生。我国野生动物保护法于1989年开始实施。纵观这几十年来的实施状况,不难发现我国的野生动物保护法已经无法适应社会经济、生活环境的变化。如何协调保护人类的合法利益与保护野生动物之间的冲突问题日益严峻,但这一问题却是我国野生动物保护法中的一项缺失。因此,本文将着重阐述如何完善野生动物侵权的救济制度并给予合理的建议。     

Monitoring distances travelled by horses using GPS tracking collars

Objective The aims of this work were to (1) develop a low-cost equine movement tracking collar based on readily available components, (2) conduct preliminary studies assessing the effects of both paddock size and internal fence design on the movements of domestic horses, with and without foals at foot, and (3) describe distances moved by mares and their foals. Additional monitoring of free-ranging feral horses was conducted to allow preliminary comparisons with the movement of confined domestic horses. Procedures A lightweight global positioning system (GPS) data logger modified from a personal/vehicle tracker and mounted on a collar was used to monitor the movement of domestic horses in a range of paddock sizes and internal fence designs for 6.5-day periods. Results In the paddocks used (0.8–16 ha), groups of domestic horses exhibited a logarithmic response in mean daily distance travelled as a function of increasing paddock size, tending asymptotically towards approximately 7.5 km/day. The distance moved by newborn foals was similar to their dams, with total distance travelled also dependent on paddock size. Without altering available paddock area, paddock design, with the exception of a spiral design, did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled. Feral horses (17.9 km/day) travelled substantially greater mean daily distances than domestic horses (7.2 km/day in 16-ha paddock), even when allowing for larger paddock size. Conclusions Horses kept in stables or small yards and paddocks are quite sedentary in comparison with their feral relatives. For a given paddock area, most designs did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled.     

藏系绵羊随机扩增多态性DNA最佳反应体系的研究

以高原型藏羊的基因组DNA为模板，通过对RAPD反应体系中的各种参数进行优化试验，建立了适宜于藏系绵羊RAPD分析的最佳反应体系：在PE2400型DNA扩增仪的25μL反应体系中，模板DNA的量为60－120ng，引物量为4－8pmol，Mg^2 浓度为2.0mM，Taq DNA聚合酶为1－2.5U,dNTP浓度为150－200μM;94℃预变性3分钟后35次循环的参数设定为：94℃1分钟，36℃1分钟，72℃2.5分钟，最后72℃延伸10分钟，利用这些条件对藏系绵羊的基因组DNA进行RAPD分析，其结果的重复性和可靠性大为提高。     

丝素蛋白作为药物载体的研究进展

丝素蛋白作为一种具有优良性能的天然高分子材料,在生物医学领域被深入研究。丝素蛋白材料形态易塑,生物相容性良好,生物降解性可控且降解产物无毒,因此是理想的药物载体。本文综述了丝素膜、丝素凝胶、丝素纳米纤维和丝素微球等不同类型的药物载体,并展望了其研究和应用前景。