地热温室养鳖水质改良的装置研究

根据地热温室养鳖的水质要求，研制了前置式和后置式2种型式的水质改良装置进行养殖水处理，使养殖水体经常保持在3mg/L以上的溶氧，氨、氮等有害物质的含量控制在允许范围之内，实现了除渣增氧、改良水质，促进鳖的快速生长。     

An immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in the intestinal tract of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

The present work describes the distribution of S-100 protein in the intestinal tract of a Chinese soft-shelled turtle specimen (Pelodiscus sinensis). S-100 protein positive cells were located in the intestinal tract, from the proximal small to distal large intestine. S-100 protein positive dendritic cells had irregular shape and were positive in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Most of them were located both lamina propria and submucosa in the small intestine, while few were found in the large intestine. S-100 protein, C-kit positive ICCs and Silver staining glial cells were predominantly observed in three locations: (1) in the interspace between the submucosa and circular muscle layer; (2) in the circular muscle layer; and (3) between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the intestine. Fewer were found in the large intestinal lamina propria and submucosa. Three types of positive cells (S-100 protein positive cells, C-kit positive ICCs and Silver staining glial cells) with 1–2 long or 2–3 short processes were distributed as lace-like or surrounding blood vessels in the different locations mentioned above. In the lamina propria, all the positive cells with irregular processes were connected with each other and formed a network. In the submucosa, all the positive cells were found surrounding the blood vessels.     

Market turtle mystery solved in Vietnam

Asian turtles are overharvested for food, medicinal purposes and pets, and most species are now at risk of extinction (‘Asian turtle crisis’). As a result of high levels of trade, some species of Asian turtles are known to science mostly or only from animals found in trade. The Vietnamese box turtle (Cuora picturata) was described in 1998 and is known only from markets. This species is likely to be highly threatened, and identifying the origin of this “market species” is imperative if it is to be conserved. We used evidence from phylogeny, biogeography and trade patterns to focus field searches for this species, and in July 2010–January 2011 found it in the wild at three localities on the Langbian Plateau of southern Vietnam. This discovery provides the first opportunity to conserve the Vietnamese box turtle, and provides hope for determining the wild origin of other rare Asian turtles that remain known only from commercial trade.     

藕鳖共作对水环境和藕鳖生长性能的影响

为研究藕鳖共作对藕田水环境以及鳖、藕生长性能的影响,2019年6-10月定期监测鳖单作、藕鳖共作和藕单作池塘的水体理化指标、浮游动植物种类和数量.结果表明,相对于鳖单作,藕鳖共作能显著降低水体中的氨氮和化学需氧量浓度.3种模式水体中的浮游动植物种类数和多样性指数无显著性差异.浮游动物优势种群均归属于原生动物、轮虫和桡足...     

植物土培系统对养殖废水的净化与利用

利用人工养鳖废水进行茄子栽培的试验结果表明,废水中５０％以上的有机物和约６８％的氨氮被作物土壤系统吸收利用。茄子生长良好,废水得到了有效的净化;但该系统对磷的利用不理想。该文对试验系统的作用机理进行了分析,并提出了影响系统净化与利用效率的主要因素,为进一步研究及工程设计提供了条件。     

Impact of recreational power boating on two populations of northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica)

• 1. Recreational power boating is growing in popularity in North America. This activity is known to have lethal and sub‐lethal effects on aquatic wildlife and freshwater turtles may be particularly sensitive to this activity.
• 2. This study reports on patterns of traumatic injuries inflicted by powerboat propellers to northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica) from two sites differing in boat traffic intensity in Ontario, Canada.
• 3. The relative vulnerability of turtles was assessed, in light of seasonal patterns in boat traffic, as a function of sex‐ and age‐specific movement patterns, habitat use, and basking behaviour obtained by radio‐telemetry. Population viability analyses (PVA) were also conducted to evaluate the potential demographic consequences of mortality induced by powerboats.
• 4. The prevalence of propeller injuries was two to nine times higher in adult females than in adult males and juvenile females. Patterns of movement, habitat use, and aquatic basking indicated that adult females are more exposed to collisions with boats. PVA showed that boat‐induced mortality in adult females could lead to rapid population extinction if the risk of mortality when hit by a boat is greater than 10%.
• 5. The results of this study showed that recreational power boating is a serious threat to northern map turtles, even under moderate boat traffic. The need to adopt measures restricting boat traffic in areas important to turtles is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

电子鼻结合HS-SPME-GC-MS分析辐照对甲鱼预制菜挥发性风味成分的影响

为了探究辐照对甲鱼预制菜挥发性风味成分的影响,采用0、4.7、7.1、9.9 kGy剂量⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照处理甲鱼预制菜,通过感官评定并利用电子鼻结合顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析辐照前后挥发性风味成分的变化。结果表明,5 kGy以内剂量辐照对甲鱼预制菜的感官品质无明显影响,高于5 kGy会影响其气味和滋味,进而可能产生异味。辐照对甲鱼预制菜特征气味引起的差异主要表现在传感器响应值较高的芳香成分和有机硫化物、氮氧化合物、甲烷、醇类和醛酮类物质,利用主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA)能够有效区分经不同剂量辐照处理的甲鱼预制菜。4.7 kGy组与对照组气味差异较小,7.1、9.9 kGy组与对照组差异相对较大。不同剂量辐照后甲鱼预制菜挥发性成分的种类增加,醛类、酸类相对含量降低,烃类、芳香族类、酮类、酯类相对含量升高,醇类、含氮含硫及杂环类相对含量先降低后升高。相对气味活度值(ROAV)分析结果表明,壬醛、癸醛、辛醛、己醛、庚醛、1-辛烯-3-醇和2-戊基呋喃是甲鱼预制菜的关键风味成分,苯甲醛、苯乙醛、(E,E)-2, 4-癸二烯醛对其风味具有重要修饰作用。辐照后辛醛、己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇对甲鱼预制菜总体风味的贡献率降低,庚醛、2-戊基呋喃的贡献率先降低后增加,苯乙醛的贡献率增加并成为关键风味成分。因此,建议采用不超过5 kGy剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照处理甲鱼预制菜,在杀菌的同时最大限度保持其原有风味。本研究结果为辐照技术在甲鱼预制菜杀菌保鲜中的应用提供了科学依据。     

甲鱼出血性败血症的诊疗

简述了甲鱼出血性败血症的病症、病理变化、病原菌的分离和鉴定、动物回归试验的结果，以及采用敏感药物对患病甲鱼施治的经过和疗效。