含水率和颗粒级配对稍密碎石土抗剪性能及地基承载力的影响

碎石土因特殊的工程特性而被科研人员关注,但对大粒径、粉质粘土填充、稍密状态下碎石土的力学性能涉足较少。根据该类型碎石土特点及大量勘察结果配置出两种比较典型级配的稍密碎石土,通过大型直剪试验仪测定了不同含水率状态下碎石土试样的抗剪强度,绘制剪应力与水平位移的关系图,通过一元回归得出稍密碎石的抗剪强度指标c、φ值,分析了不同含水率、不同级配对稍密碎石土抗剪性能的影响。结果表明：随着含水率的增大,碎石土粘聚力总体呈减小趋势,但变化趋势具有显著的阶段性且和粉质粘土的含量有关,含水率变化对碎石土内摩擦角的影响较小。用规范推荐方法计算了该类型碎石土地基承载力,并与地方规范经验取值和勘察工程实践取值进行了对比,结果表明：含水率对地基承载力影响较大,且与碎石土填充物的粉质粘土含量有关,粉质粘土含量越高,承载力影响越大。     

嫩江大堤植物根系固土护堤功能研究

通过对嫩江大堤护坡植物根系及土壤抗冲,抗蚀及抗剪强度的测定分析,发现同一地段土壤的冲击,抗蚀指数及抗剪强度的是表土层大于底土层。植物根系有较强的固持土壤功能,抗冲指数与根长,根量间有明显的相关性,单相关系数分别为０．９１４６和０．８１９７。有机质含量高的土壤抗蚀性强,水稳性指数大。水稳性指数与有机质含量间的相关系数０．９１３２,与根长和根量的相关性相对较低,单相关系数分别为０．８３１７和０．８０９     

芨芨草水土保持功能的初步研究

芨芨草是黄土高原地区广泛分布的禾本科植物.人们对其水土保持方面的定量研究基本上还处于空白.通过对芨芨草草地土壤抗冲性、渗透性、土壤抗剪强度等指标的研究,来探讨芨芨草的水土保持功能.结果表明:芨芨草能明显提高土壤的抗冲性、渗透性及土壤的抗剪强度,并能增加地表的覆盖度.芨芨草在黄土高原地区的水土保持工作中有着广阔的应用前景.     

Effects on some clay soil qualities following the passage of rubber-tracked and wheeled tractors in central Italy

There is increased use of rubber-tracked tractors for ploughing on clay soil (Vertic Cambisol) in central, south and insular Italy instead of metal-tracked tractors, because they allow travel on public roads. Field tests were carried out on arable soil previously ploughed and harrowed to compare two types of tractors, one rubber-tracked (CAT Challenger Ch 45) and one wheeled (New Holland 8770) in order to establish the compacting effects resulting from 1 and 4 passes of the tractors in the same track. The following parameters were studied: soil penetration resistance, bulk density and its increment ratio, soil shear strength, soil macroporosity and hydraulic conductivity. Multiple passes made by the two tractors induced very similar effects on the soil in regards to soil penetration resistance. Mean values of penetration resistance (0–0.20 m depth) were 1.15 MPa for the rubber-tracked tractor and 1.11 MPa for the wheeled tractor; mean values of penetration resistance (0.21–0.40 m depth) were 1.07 MPa for the rubber-tracked tractor and 1.17 MPa for the wheeled tractor. The decrease in macroporosity, in particular that of elongated pores in the soil surface layer (0–0.10 m depth) was greater in treatments involving the rubber-tracked tractor (from 20.2 to 2.7%) than for the wheeled tractor (from 20.2 to 10.3%). Following traffic of the two tractors, hydraulic conductivity decreased and the following values were found for the five treatments: control, 18.48 mm h⁻¹; wheeled tractor 1 and 4 passes, 11.15 and 7.45 mm h⁻¹, respectively; rubber-tracked tractor 1 and 4 passes, 3.25 and 1.1 mm h⁻¹, respectively. Highly significant correlations between shear strength and dry bulk density, and between hydraulic conductivity and elongated pores and total macroporosity were found. Significant linear relationships between macroporosity and penetration resistance for 1 and 4 passes of both tractors were found in the soil layers (0–0.10 m). A significant difference was found between tractors and for correlations of penetration resistance values above control values. However, in the soil layer (0–0.20 m depth), with respect to the higher degree of macroporosity and low values of penetration resistance, treatments involving wheeled tractor (1 pass) showed a lower degree of soil compaction than was observed after 1 pass of the rubber-tracked tractor.     

不同植被类型根系提高浅层滑坡土体抗剪强度的试验研究

通过对裸地、扭黄茅草地、车桑子灌木林地和桉树林地四种不同植被类型、不同深度土壤在天然含水量情况下的直剪试验，研究了植被类型对非饱和土抗剪强度的影响。结果表明，植被具有提高非饱和土抗剪强度的作用，黏聚力增加较大，内摩擦角增加相对较小；土层越深，土壤抗剪强度提高的程度越小。     

东北典型黑土区剖面粒径分布特征及其可蚀性研究

为了更好的了解黑土区土壤剖面粒径分布以及可蚀性因子特征,本研究以东北典型黑土区鹤北流域为研究区,利用沉降法对不同土地利用方式下土层表面至母质的土壤样品进行粒径分布规律研究,并基于粒径及有机碳分布特征,计算了土样的可蚀性K值,最后对土壤可蚀因子K与WEPP模型中土壤的细沟间侵蚀因子(Inter- rill Erodibility)K_i、细沟侵蚀因子(Rill Erodibility)K_r和临界剪切力因子(Critical Shear)Tc进行相关分析。结果表明:(1)不同剖面下土壤粘粒含量逐层变化不大。而粉粒含量呈现出随土层深度增加而含量减少,砂粒呈现出随土层深度增加而含量增大;(2)除人工林外,其余6个剖面土壤可蚀性因子K值均表现出随土层深度增加而含量增大的趋势;(3)对农地剖面土样分析发现,可蚀性因子K值与细沟侵蚀因子K_r呈极显著正相关,与临界剪切力因子Tc呈极显著负相关,而与细沟间侵蚀因子K_i的正相关性略有降低。     

混凝土剪扭构件承载力实用计算

钢筋混凝土剪扭构件承载力计算比较繁琐,本文基于对钢筋混凝土剪扭构件承载力计算公式的简化,提出一种计算图表的实用计算方法,并利用两个算例的计算验证了方法的有效性。     

四川盆地东北部一次暴雨天气过程简析

本文利用常规观测资料、自动站雨量资料、多普勒天气雷达和闪电定位资料,使用天气学分析方法,分析2019年9月9日夜间至10日白天发生在四川盆地东北部的一次暴雨天气过程。结果表明：本次过程是在受地面冷空气抬升触发,中低层低涡切变系统叠加配合,高空辐散抽吸共同作用下发生的。地形强迫抬升,雨带停滞少动且降水强度大,是造成此次过程降雨量大而集中的主要原因。     

含水率对稻米籽粒剪切特性的影响研究

稻米籽粒的剪切特性指标可以作为稻米品质评价的指标之一,本文通过试验获得了稻米籽粒剪切特性的力学指标包括硬度、破坏能、破坏力及破坏应力等,并研究了含水率对稻米籽粒剪切特性的影响,通过多项式回归建立了剪切特性指标与含水率之间关系的回归方程,为水稻品质育种,评定和控制水稻的最后质量提供新的方法和新的研究手段.     

测试方法对毛竹顺纹抗剪强度的影响

以4年生毛竹为对象,分别按照国家标准、行业标准和国际标准的方法,进行顺纹抗剪强度的测试.结果表明:测试方法、试件形状以及加载速度对抗剪强度均有显著影响;行业标准的试件形状能较准确测出竹材的纯抗剪强度,综合测试时间,加载速度以0.8～1.5 mm/min为宜.