林业可持续发展的意义浅析

可持续发展是一种新的科学发展观，已经深入到林业领域。要使森林资源满足当代人的建设需要，又为后代人储备资源，就要实施科技兴林，不断提高林业建设的科技含量，不断促进林业的可持续发展。     

关于林业数学模型中参数的取值问题

针对国内林业期刊文献中普遍存在的数学模型参数取值不规范的问题，提出林业数学模型的参数取值，应遵循小数位统一和有效数统一的原则，而且有效数统一原则应该成为最高准则；同时还对与这两项原则有关的某些特定林业数表模型中参数的取值和估计问题进行讨论。     

绵羊BMP15基因B2突变可视化检测技术的建立

骨形态发生蛋白15（bone morphogenetic protein 15,BMP15）基因突变对绵羊排卵率、产仔数以及繁殖力有很大影响,本研究旨在建立快速可视化检测BMP15基因B2突变的技术。将改良的扩增阻滞突变系统（amplification refractory mutation system,ARMS）与核酸染料SYBR Green Ⅰ结合,针对BMP15基因B2突变设计ARMS特异性引物,使引物下游3'端的最后一个碱基为A,并在下游引物3'端的第3位碱基处设计额外的错配,以提高引物的特异性;经ARMS PCR扩增后,向产物中加入SYBR Green Ⅰ,通过肉眼观察PCR管内的颜色变化来检测BMP15基因的B2突变。经测序发现所采集的样本均为野生型,因此,利用重叠延伸PCR构建BMP15基因B2突变型模板,测序结果显示BMP15基因B2突变型模板构建成功。ARMS PCR结果显示,ARMS特异性引物能够只扩增突变型模板,而不会扩增野生型模板,且扩增效果良好。ARMS PCR扩增后加入SYBR Green Ⅰ发现已知野生型模板与阴性对照一致,呈SYBR Green Ⅰ原始颜色橙黄色,而已知突变型模板呈亮绿色,且色差明显,肉眼可辨。用建立的可视化检测BMP15基因B2突变的技术检测50个小尾寒羊基因组DNA （随机向其中20个样本中加入构建的BMP15基因B2突变型模板）,将可视化检测的突变型样本编号与混合样本时记录的编号对比,结果表明该技术能够准确检测绵羊BMP15基因的B2突变,且准确率高达100%。将构建的BMP15基因B2突变型的模板进行梯度稀释,对本试验可视化检测体系的灵敏度进行检测,发现ARMS可视化检测技术的灵敏度达到0.006 ng/μL。因此,本研究建立的技术能够可视化地检测绵羊BMP15基因B2突变,且准确率高,有望为高繁殖力绵羊的选育提供技术支持。     

前桥摆转转向式四驱底盘结构形状指数的优化

前桥摆转转向式四驱底盘可直接转入下一畦作业,提高了小地块工作行程率,在地头宽度小于等于1个作业宽度时,更有利于机耕过程中的转向操作。为此,通过ADAMS软件仿真,以最小地头宽度为目标对底盘结构参数进行了优化。仿真结果表明,底盘在作业过程中从一畦进入地头直接转入相邻的下一畦时,后内侧轮基本上不吃入上一畦,最小地头宽度与长宽比成反比。在底盘转向时行走轮不干涉后悬挂农具的前提下,底盘最小的理论长宽比应为0.5:1。但由于底盘长宽比受行走轮直径、轮宽及重心的影响,底盘的合理长宽比值范围需趋近于理论长宽比。当机具作业宽幅大于等于机具轮宽时,可直接做倒U形转向;否则采用"4"和歪梨形组合掉头转向,实现地头宽度等于1个作业幅宽的转向。     

基于视景仿真技术的联合收割机牵引及加载性能研究

随着农业机械化的不断发展,联合收割机的应用越来越普遍,大大地提高了农业生产效率。然而,在联合收割机使用中还存在一些驾驶员视域不开阔、可视环境差等不安全因素。针对这些问题,本文引入了视景仿真技术概念,通过构建基于视景仿真技术的联合收割机牵引及加载性能模型,对联合收割机的牵引及加载性能进行仿真分析。结果显示,将视景仿真技术应用与联合收割机,方便了驾驶员及时掌握实地信息,提高了牵引性能和加载性能,降低了驾驶危险系数。     

基于标记的极半径极值红枣形状识别方法

形状是分级的最重要参数之一,本文采用标记法对红枣形状进行了识别。通过图像预处理获取红枣二值图像,通过边界追踪获取目标边界笛卡尔坐标,并将其转化为极坐标,对目标图像进行缩放旋转使均值圆成为基线,切割的4部分边界曲线能完整表达。对边界曲线进行多项式拟合,获取极值点坐标,将其映射回被拟合曲线上,获取对应极值点坐标。若两极小极半径差值大于阈值,则红枣畸形;若两极大极半径附近区域极半径过渡平缓,判红枣为规整,否则为较规整。取53粒红枣进行检测,其中16粒畸形,17粒较规整,20粒规整。检测结果表明:畸形枣识别准确率达100%,较规整枣的识别准确率94%,规整枣识别准确率95%,可基本满足红枣分级系统精度的要求。     

Decoding attraction: Improving vine weevil monitoring by exploiting key sensory cues

BACKGROUND

Monitoring is an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes used to inform crop management decisions. Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), continues to cause economically significant losses in horticultural crops due to an inability to reliably detect the presence of this species before crop damage occurs. To improve vine weevil monitoring we investigated the behavioural responses of adult vine weevils to visual (monitoring tool shade/colour, height and diameter as well as the effect of monitoring tool and plant density) and olfactory (host plant and conspecifics) cues under glasshouse conditions.

RESULTS

Monitoring tool shade, height and diameter all influenced monitoring tool efficacy, with individuals exhibiting a preference for black, tall and wide monitoring tools. The total number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools increased with monitoring tool density. By contrast, plant density did not influence the number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools. Yew-baited monitoring tools retained a larger number of individuals compared to unbaited ones. Similarly, more vine weevils were recorded in monitoring tools baited with yew and conspecifics than in unbaited monitoring tools or those baited with only yew. Baiting monitoring tools with conspecifics alone did not enhance the number of vine weevils recorded in monitoring tools.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study confirms that visual and olfactory cues influence vine weevil behaviour. This provides information on key factors that influence vine weevil monitoring tool efficacy and can be used to inform the development of a new monitoring tool for this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Analysis on Longitudinal Cracks and Deflection of the Pre-stressed V-shape Slab Roof Structure

In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the behavior of the prestressed V-shape Slab Roof structure, especially the effect of temperature change on the stress of slab. The calculated results indicate that when the temperature changes, the tensile stress at the lower extreme fibers of the flange plate near rib exceeds the tensile strength of concrete subjected to the combined action of triaxial stresses and results in the longitudinal cracks of the flange plate. The deflection analysis is based on the mechanical model of the prestressed V shape slab with the longitudinal cracks. The calculated results are in general agreement with the field observations.     

On the New Blade Shape of the Turodrill and Its CAD

Based on the research on the motion law of the drilling fluid along the blade, the necessary condition of the blade shape for a high efficiency turbodrill is obtained. Hence a mathematical model how to design a blade shape has been put forward, and the solution method of the model is obtained, which helps to design a high efficiency turbodrill. What's more, a 3 dimension model of the blade has been set up using Pro/E software, which can link with the advanced computer language by a interface routine and modify the 3-D blade model automatically. Based on the theory, a software has been compiled to design the blade automatically, which can improve the design efficiency and the design quality of the turbodrill.