浅谈新时期高校图书馆的流通阅览工作

通过阐述新时期高校图书馆流通阅览工作的现状,分析了流通阅览工作存在的难点问题,针对当前高校图书馆流通阅览工作存在的评价体系、用人观念、馆员素质等问题,提出了需要解决问题的方法,从而更好的促进流通阅览工作的发展。     

浅沟排水对膜下滴灌条件下“土壤-作物”系统的影响

为探明浅沟排水对膜下滴灌条件下"土壤-作物"系统的影响,以大棚番茄为研究对象,设计不同滴灌定额(200、250和300m3/hm2)及不同的排水沟深度(15和30cm)处理,对不同处理0~20cm土层土壤全盐含量、番茄产量、果实主要品质指标进行了观测,同时采用主成分分析法,对番茄的综合品质进行分析和评估。结果表明,浅沟排水及膜下滴灌条件下0~20cm土壤盐分呈"膜内降低、膜外升高"的趋势;较高灌水量结合较浅的地表排水有利于降低表层土壤盐分,并提高番茄的产量;番茄综合品质随灌水量的增大而降低,总体上随排水沟深度的加深而提高。本研究中,I3D1处理(300m3/hm2滴灌定额+15cm排水沟深度)去盐和增产效果最优,I1D2处理(200m3/hm2滴灌定额+30cm排水沟深度)番茄综合品质最优。     

扬黄灌区浅埋式滴灌对地膜玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响

针对扬黄灌区玉米节水灌溉存在投入高、效率低和种植模式单一的问题,通过采用浅埋式滴灌、露地滴灌的灌溉方式种植双行靠地膜玉米,测定玉米各生育时期生长指标、土壤含水率,探索降低玉米节水灌溉和种植模式投入新方法。试验表明:膜下滴灌和膜下浅埋式滴灌出苗比露地和露地浅埋式滴灌分别早3d和2d;全生育期内膜下浅埋式滴灌的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和干物质积累量均高于膜下浅埋式滴灌、露地浅埋式滴灌和露地滴灌;同一种植模式下浅埋式滴灌比露地滴灌的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和干物质积累量均高;膜下浅埋式滴灌产量分别比露地滴灌、露地浅埋式滴灌、膜下滴灌提高15.8%、8.87%、1.81%;膜下浅埋式滴灌的群体WUE分别比露地滴灌、露地浅埋式滴灌、膜下滴灌增加16.1%、9.3%、1.6%。     

侧向荷载作用下等腰梯形底扁壳的非线性弯曲

本文将 Navier 提出的四边简支矩形板线性弯曲的双三角级数解法推广到梯形底扁壳,采用 Margueree 的理论对其进行了线性和非线性弹性平衡问题的研究。文中通过引进新的未知函数成功地将原方程降低,并找到了荷载位移空间 R~(n+1) 中跟踪解曲线的简洁有效的约束方程,从而避免了求解由 Navier 法导出的非线性代数方程组在壳体平衡路径中极值点附近切线刚度矩阵的奇异性,算例表明计算量少,级数收敛快,所用方法可靠。     

不同措施改良盐碱化羊草草地试验研究

通过改良试验研究,三种措施都改善了草地生态环境,增加土壤速效养分,增加牧草在草群中所占比重。施肥改良使豆科和菊科牧草在草群中比重分别比对照区增加19.8%～39.9%和27.5%～34.4%,使禾本科牧草比重降低15.3%～21.3%,可食牧草产量增加22.0%～57.8%。围栏封育使豆科和菊科牧草分别增加13.4%～26.7%和4.7%～9.0%,可食牧草产量增加13.1%～78.0%。浅耕翻使豆科和菊科牧草比重分别增加17.7%～27.3%、23.2%～36.3%,禾本科牧草比重降低10.1%～12.1%,可食牧草产量由第1年减少28.5%转为增加28.6%。由此得出,施肥和围栏封育是草地改良的有效途径。     

Diagnostic Analysis of Farmers' Skimming Well Technologies in the Indus Basin of Pakistan

Farmers are using skimming wells tosupplement their canal deliveries. Toensure sustainable groundwater extraction,proper design and operational guidelinesfor these skimming wells are required. Thestarting point of such guidelines is tolook at farmers' existing groundwaterextraction practices, their extent andassociated problems. For this purpose, afield survey was conducted in the IndusBasin of Pakistan. Participatory ruralappraisal identified several design andoperational problems with farmers' skimmingwells. These include; depth of well,number of strainers, horizontaldistance of strainers, priming, water quality, sand in pumped water,and reduction in well discharge withtime. To investigate these problems,diagnostic analysis was carried out. A testborehole was drilled to get water samplesalong the aquifer depth during drilling.The depth of well was then decided on thebasis of these water quality analyses. Todecide the number of strainers, a pumpingtest was conducted at test borehole toestimate the contribution of individualstrainer and then the numbers wereincreased according to the desireddischarge. Similarly, placing non-returnvalve between blind pipe and strainersolved the priming problem. Operating wellsintermittently rather than continuouslysolved the problems of water quality andreduction in well discharge. The systematicapproach adopted in the study helped thefarmers to rectify the problems.     

基于GPRS的远程无线自动抄表系统

介绍了一种以GPRS为通信方式的无线自动抄表系统。系统具有3层结构:前端采集子系统由GPRS采集终端构成,通信子系统由GPRS网络构成,中心处理子系统为主站软件系统。利用该远程无线自动抄表系统可以进行灵活、方便、可靠的远距离数据传输。     

浅圆仓侧压力非线性分布分析

采用总体平衡方法给出了浅圆仓散体静态非线性分布侧压力计算公式。该公式计算简单,可用于浅圆仓的储料顶部为平顶和锥顶两种情况。将用本文公式计算的结果、用国家规范得出的结果和库仑公式的计算结果,与实仓测试结果进行对比分析,表明用本文公式计算得出的侧压力曲线与实仓测试得出的侧压力曲线吻合良好。     

“浅阅读”语境下推广经典阅读的价值研究及策略

简述了全媒体时代的概念以及其背景下形成的"浅阅读"现状,从精神追求、国民需求、国家号召、民族希望四个方面论述了推广经典阅读的必要性和紧迫性,提出了推广经典阅读的新思考。     

Long‐term changes of marine subtidal benthic communities in North East Asia (Yellow and Japan seas) in a global change context: A review

1. A review of the long‐term changes and variations in benthic communities and the current status of the marine invasive species (MIS) in shallow waters of the Yellow Sea (Chinese sector) and the Sea of Japan (Russian and partly Korean sectors) is presented. This paper reflects on the progress and lessons learned, recommending actions for the future about the conservation of biodiversity.
2. In the Bohai Sea, the benthic ecosystem has been degenerating due to anthropogenic activities such as overfishing and pollution since the 1950s. The dominant position of K‐strategy species is gradually being lost and replaced by R‐strategy species. In the Yellow Sea, the macrobenthic community is different from other areas due to the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. Many economic species have been destroyed, and the biotic structure has changed significantly due to overfishing and climate change.
3. In the Russian sector of the Sea of Japan, the macrobenthic communities in the shallow‐water soft bottom have generally been in a stable condition for the last decades, except for some heavily polluted or disturbed areas due to dredging operations. The abundance of select large invertebrate species has changed considerably due to commercial fishing and poaching. Variations in macro? and meiobenthic communities under aquaculture conditions have occurred on a local scale during the last five decades.
4. MIS show obvious differences between China and Russia in the following aspects: introduction pathways of MIS, composition and number of non‐native species, threats and impacts of MIS to native communities and ecosystems, and economic and public health impacts.
5. Long‐term monitoring programmes should be developed to reveal future biotic changes and to separate the effects of cyclic variations of benthic communities from the impacts of pollution and eutrophication. Standardization of sampling procedures is required to compare changes/alternations in benthos across various regions worldwide.