遮荫对几种暖地型草坪草成坪速度及其景观效果的影响

对5种常见暖地型草坪草在不同遮荫条件的成坪速度及其景观效果进行研究观察,结果表明:天堂328、狗牙根、结缕草均随遮荫程度的加大,成坪速度显著减慢或不能成坪,假俭草、马尼拉在遮荫度37%、58%条件下,成坪速度超过对照水平或相当,因此认为,在遮荫地或林下种植草坪时,供试草种中应首选假俭草,其次为马尼拉,另外3个草种不宜作为耐荫草种利用;遮荫提高了各草坪草叶片的叶绿素含量,一定程度上增加了绿色景观效果;遮荫处理不同程度增加了草坪植株的高度、叶片长度、宽度、面积,但降低了叶片的厚度。     

遮阴对迷人杜鹃种子萌发和芽苗生长的影响

为给迷人杜鹃的抚育管理提供参考,采用盆栽法人工模拟光照条件,探索不同遮阴处理对迷人杜鹃种子萌发和芽苗生长的影响试验。结果表明:迷人杜鹃种子萌发率和萌发指数在30%遮阴处理时达到最大,分别为90.00%和2.46;随着光照的减弱而逐渐减小,在80%遮阴处理下最小,为40%和0.27。弱光照对种子萌发进程有一定的延迟作用,萌发活力指数随着光照的减弱而减小。不同遮阴处理的迷人杜鹃芽苗具有较大的形态学可塑性,30%遮阴处理的芽苗胚根长、胚轴长、芽苗活力指数和幼叶宽均最大,分别比全光照提高60.71%、29.91%、52.26%和33.33%;80%遮阴处理最小,分别比全光照降低59.09%、54.88%、74.32%和66.67%。随着遮阴度的增加,幼苗的根系活力降低,而总叶绿素含量先上升后降低,根系活力以30%遮阴处理最大,为3.49mg/(g·h);MDA含量以80%遮阴处理最大,为13.42nmol/g FW;叶绿素含量以50%遮阴处理最大,为75.32μg/g。遮阴度为30%的光照环境有利于迷人杜鹃盆栽育苗。     

小省藤苗木生长对遮阴和施肥的响应

为促进优良藤苗的生长,采用L₉（3⁴）正交设计开展施肥试验,探讨其对小省藤苗木生长的影响。结果表明：处理组合的地径、苗高、叶片数和冠幅分别为0.28～0.51 cm、13.5～16.9 cm、1.5～3.4片/株和11.8～16.7 cm,处理组合间呈现极显著或显著差异（P<0.01或P<0.05）;正交9个处理组合的4个指标均极显著地优于对照（P<0.01）,遮阴90%与施3 g/株过磷酸钙和0.7 g/株尿素生长最优。遮阴是影响苗高和叶片数的主导因子（R_A>R_C>R_B）,影响地径和冠幅的主导因子则是尿素（R_C>R_A>R_B）,即小省藤对遮阴和N肥的需求较高。     

重度遮阴及复光条件下茶树根系的生理响应及抗氧化酶活性动态变化

遮阴是改善夏秋茶品质的重要措施之一,关于遮阴对茶树鲜叶的影响已有诸多研究,但对茶树根系影响的研究还鲜见报道.通过盆栽试验,探讨湘妃翠和金萱在95％遮阴处理0、4、12 d及复光4 d的生理指标和抗氧化酶活性的动态变化.结果表明,遮阴持续12 d,茶树新发吸收根与一级侧根数增加,复光后4 d下降,根系活力变化趋势与此一致...     

施肥对不同时期遮阴小麦光合、产量和品质的影响

为探究通过施肥能否减缓太阳辐射减弱对小麦生长发育及产量形成的不利影响,通过田间模拟试验,研究了不同生育期遮阴下施肥对冬小麦植株光合生理、产量和品质的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,遮阴设3水平,即不遮阴(S0,遮阴率0)、开花-成熟期遮阴(S1,平均遮阴率68%)、分蘖-成熟期遮阴(S2,平均遮阴率68%);复合肥(N-P₂O₅-K₂O)施用量设3水平,即100 kg·hm^-2(F1)、200 kg·hm^-2(F2)和300 kg·hm^-2(F3);硅肥施用量(以SiO₂计)设3水平,即0(R0)、200 kg·hm^-2(R1)和400 kg·hm^-2(R2)。结果表明：S1提高冬小麦开花-灌浆期旗叶净光合速率(Pn),S1和S2降低开花-灌浆期气孔导度(Gs)和灌浆期蒸腾速率(Tr),提高胞间CO₂浓度(Ci);S1和S2降低千粒质量、结实率、产量,减少籽粒直链淀...     

不同药剂喷施处理对设施栽培‘灵武长枣’的影响

采用磷酸二氢钾(0.2%)+蔗糖(0.3%)、赤霉素(30 mg/kg)、以色列专用肥(0.3%)、硼酸(0.3%)对温室栽培的‘灵武长枣’进行喷施处理,测定灵武长枣的枣吊加长生长、直径生长、坐果率及叶片净光合速率等,研究外源药剂处理对灵武长枣生长与坐果的影响。结果表明,喷施以上试剂对灵武长枣枣吊加长生长、直径生长及叶片的净光合速率和水分利用效率的影响不显著,喷施赤霉素(30 mg/kg)、以色列专用肥(0.3%)使坐果率分别提高了3倍和2.6倍,喷施以色列专用肥(0.3%)、硼酸(0.3%)使叶片叶绿素含量显著提高,且以色列专用肥(0.3%)可显著提高果实着色率。设施栽培‘灵武长枣’生产中可在花期、果实膨大期喷施以色列专用肥(0.3%),以提高坐果率与果实着色率。     

Shading,Defoliation and Light Enrichment Effects on Chickpea in Northern Latitudes

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has an indeterminate growth nature, and the plant canopy with an improved light environment during critical growth stages may increase biomass (BM) production and improve crop yield. This study examined (i) the effects of shading, light enrichment and defoliation applied at various growth stages on BM and seed yield of chickpea in northern latitudes; and (ii) the difference between cultivars with fern‐ vs. unfoliate‐leaf type in responding to the altered canopy light environments. Field studies were conducted at Saskatoon and Swift Current, Saskatchewan in 2004 and 2005. Different light environments were created by 50 % defoliation at vegetative growth and at first flower, 50 % shading from vegetative growth to first flower, and two light enrichment treatments initiated at the first flower and pod formation stages. The 50 % shade treatment prior to flowering significantly decreased harvest index (HI) and seed yield. Light enrichments increased seed yield only one of three location‐years (the fourth site excluded because of disease damage). Defoliation at vegetative growth or first flower had a marginal effect on seed yield, largely as a result of the regrowth of vegetative tissues compensating for the lost plant tissues. The cultivar CDC Yuma (fern‐leaf type) exhibited consistently greater maximum light interception (LI), cumulative intercepted radiation, HI and seed yield than the cultivar Sanford (unifoliate‐leaf type) across all location‐years. Selective use of chickpea cultivars with improved morphological traits such as fern‐leaf type will likely improve LI and increase crop yield for chickpea in northern latitudes. Moreover, optimized crop management practices should be adopted to ensure that chickpea be grown under conditions with minimum shading before flowering and optimum light environment within the canopy especially during reproductive growth period.     

Coffee shade with Mimosa scabrella Benth. for frost protection in southern Brazil

Damage by radiative frosts is a major limiting factor for coffee cultivation in southern Brazil (south of 20° S latitude). The use of Mimosa scabrella (bracatinga) as a shade tree, to modify the local energy balance and thus prevent damage to the coffee plants, has been evaluated from 1986 to 1994. The study was carried out near Londrina, Parana State (23°23' S, 51°11′ W). During the experimental period, several radiative frosts with intensity ranging from moderate to very severe occurred at the site. Minimum coffee leaf temperatures during these events were 2 to 4 °C higher in the shaded plots. Due to frost protection, coffee bean yields on the average of 7 harvests were higher on the shaded plots. The potential of this system for frost protection in southern Brazil is discussed.     

遮阴对成坪期草地早熟禾和紫羊茅生理指标的影响

以冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)的3个品种优异(Merit)、新哥来德(NuGlade)和肯塔基(K.B.G)及紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)的2个品种宝瑞(Boreal)和梦神(rubra)为研究对象,在人工遮阴控制下,对其成坪期生理特性进行了比较研究。试验用黑色遮光网分别设置遮阴度22%、45%、66%、83%处理,以不遮阴的全光照为对照。结果表明:随着遮阴度提高,叶绿素含量先增加后下降;叶绿素a/b值先降低后增加,但都低于对照;脯氨酸含量先增加后降低,宝瑞和其他4个品种分别在遮阴度45%和22%时达到最高;可溶性糖含量各品种显著(P0.05)低于对照;丙二醛含量先降低后增加,宝瑞差异不显著,其他品种有显著(P0.05)变化;含水量呈现一定的增加趋势。     

遮阴及氮肥对新疆南疆冬小麦粒重和灌浆特性的影响

为明确遮阴及氮肥对新疆南疆冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响,大田条件下以‘新冬20号’为材料,设置4种遮阴处理(S_0,S_1,S_2和S_3)和4种氮肥水平(N_0,N_1,N_2和N_3),分析遮阴和氮肥互作对南疆冬小麦粒重和籽粒灌浆特性的影响。结果表明:遮阴和施氮对冬小麦千粒重的影响均达显著水平,且遮阴处理对冬小麦千粒重的影响大于施氮影响。千粒重与灌浆速率、阶段籽粒累积量呈极显著正相关。不遮阴(S_0)和轻度遮阴(S_1)处理,灌浆速率随着施氮量的增加先增加后降低,随遮阴程度的增加而降低;灌浆持续时间随遮阴程度和施氮量的增加而延长;N_2S_1处理阶段籽粒重量和千粒重高于其他处理(除N_0S_1外);在中度遮阴(S_2)和重度遮阴(S_3)条件下,灌浆速率随遮阴程度和施氮量的增加而降低,虽然快增期和缓增期持续时间有所延长,但阶段籽粒重量和千粒重随遮阴程度和施氮量的增加而降低。因此,在轻度遮阴(拔节期～抽穗期遮阴10%,抽穗期～成熟期遮阴25%)条件下,可以通过适量增施氮肥延长灌浆持续时间来弥补遮阴导致的灌浆速率下降,进而增加小麦粒重;在中度遮阴(拔节期～抽穗期遮阴20%,抽穗期～成熟期遮阴50%)和重度遮阴(拔节期～抽穗期遮阴30%,抽穗期～成熟期遮阴75%)条件下,应控制氮肥用量,拔节期追施纯氮103.5kg/hm~2以上虽然快增期和缓增期持续时间延长,但无法弥补遮阴和施氮下灌浆速率下降的不利影响,阶段籽粒重量和千粒重降低。