Relationship between light,fruit and leaf mineral content with albinism incidence in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)

A study was conducted in strawberry to establish a relationship between shading, mineral nutrient of leaves and fruits with albinism incidence. Plants grown under shade produced albino fruits in higher proportion than those grown in open fields. Similarly, plants under shade produced smaller sized fruits and have lower fruit yield. Among cultivars, Etna had highest incidence of albinism (49.6%) and Sweet Charlie the lowest (14.4%). Dry matter content (%), concentration of five major nutrients, viz. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and N:Ca and K:Ca nutrient ratios did not differ significantly in the leaves of plants producing normal or albino fruits. However, in contrast, the concentration of K was notably higher (1.97 mg g⁻¹ fresh tissue weight) and that of Ca was lower (0.098 mg g⁻¹ fresh tissue weight) in albino fruits than normal ones. Consequently, the ratios of N:Ca (11.34) and K:Ca (20.08) were higher in albino fruits than normal ones. Cultivars also differed widely in respect to dry matter (%), mineral content and nutrient ratios. Thus, it appears that lower light intensity favours the development of albinism in strawberry, and it seems that calcium is not the basic cause of albinism, but increased vigour associated with overuse of N and K might be positively associated with it.     

黄羽肉鸡微卫星多态性与料肉比的相关分析

从鸡的遗传图谱中选取13个微卫星基因座,对黄羽肉鸡A系和B系(粤黄鸡102系)回交F1代群体100个个体进行标记与料肉比的最小二乘分析,结果表明:ADL0252、LEI0071、MCW0004、MCW0245、MCW0341这5个基因座与料肉比之间存在着极显著的关系(P<0.01),而基因座MCW0223、MCW0264与料肉比之间存在着显著的关系(P<0.05)。基因座MCW0004的DD型、ADL0252的CC型和MCW0223的AA型所对应的最小二乘均值最大,其有望作为对料肉比性状进行选择的辅助标记。     

禽类性别决定与分化相关基因的研究进展

禽类的性别决定机制迄今尚无定论,目前较为公认的有以下几种假说:一是W染色体上携带性别决定基因(类似于哺乳动物的SRY)决定着个体的雌性化发育;二是Z染色体上某些基因的过表达(即不受剂量补偿效应限制)引发了个体的雄性化发育;三是前2种机制共同作用。已知禽类的性别决定候选基因有W染色体上的FET1、ASW和Z染色体上的DMRT1基因。此外,常染色体上的许多基因也参与禽类的性别决定和分化过程,如SOX9,AMH,cFOXL,CYP19A1等。     

Lesion-based analysis of leaf blast suppression in mixture of rice cultivar and a resistant near-isogenic line

Leaf blast suppression in multilines was evaluated based on the number of susceptible lesions observed in a pure stand of susceptible rice cultivar Sasanishiki, and in 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures of Sasanishiki and a resistant near-isogenic line, Sasanishiki BL4 or BL7, from 1998 to 2001. The number of lesions first observed in fields in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures were close to theoretical numbers calculated using the number of lesions observed in the pure stands and the ratios of the susceptible Sasanishiki in the mixtures. The ratio of the number of lesions in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures to the number in the pure stand was 0.29 and 0.09, respectively. The relationship between these ratios and the ratios of susceptible Sasanishiki in mixtures was defined in an equation to estimate the degree of leaf blast suppression. Validation studies for the ratios of the number of lesions in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures to the number in the pure stand were conducted in two different locations and showed that the ratios are almost acceptable. The calculated autoinfection to alloinfection ratio was 1.3 and 1.4 in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures, respectively, suggesting that the calculated ratio will affect the degree of leaf blast suppression. Thus, predictors were obtained to estimate leaf blast suppression for effective blast control in multilines.     

秆野螟属(Ostrinia)系统进化与分类研究进展

秆野螟属(Ostrinia)昆虫全球分布20种,寄主广泛,在农业生产中具有重要的经济意义。由于该属地理分布广泛,形态特征复杂,寄主和生态区重叠严重,秆野螟属系统发育研究还存在很多问题尚未解决。本文综合中国秆野螟属分类概况,对目前应用于秆野螟属系统发育研究的各种性状,包括形态特征、性信息素(生殖隔离)以及分子水平的研究进展作了阐述,并针对秆野螟属研究内容的复杂性及其研究现状,提出了相关对策。     

梨小食心虫性信息素的合成

以8-溴代辛醇、三苯基膦和正丁醛为原料,分别以二甲亚砜钠盐和二甲亚砜作为强碱和溶剂,通过Wittig试剂合成梨小食心虫性信息素,收率30％。产物结构经IR、NMR、MS分析得到证实。提出的合成方法原料易得,路线短,副产物少,操作简单常规。     

矮生长豇豆的生育与产量形成

对春播和秋播矮生长豇豆的生长动态,叶面积形成与效能,结荚与豆荚产量形成特性等进行研究,结果表明,春播矮生长豇豆植株和各个器官的生长动态均呈Ｓ形曲线变化。秋播矮生长豇豆虽然无抽蔓期,但其生长动态与春播基本相同,而且植株生长和叶面积都较大,单株结荚稍多,但产量无明显差异。净同化率（ＮＡＲ）在营养生长过程较高,生殖生长过程较低。本文还讨论了矮生与蔓生长豇豆生育与产量形成的差异。     

A Possible Correlation between the Blood Leukocyte Formula and the Use of Glucocorticoids as Growth Promoters in Beef Cattle

Clinical analyses designed to set welfare parameters were performed on blood drawn from the caudal vein of 14 groups of cattle (young bulls and heifers) (n = 10) from 480 to 550 kg b.w., each group representative of a different farm. The leukocyte formula exhibited a lymphocytopenia in four groups compared with the values from a control group (n = 50). This finding was related to the possible illicit use of corticoids as growth promoters in meat production. The individual plasmas tested negative by two different ELISA kits for corticosteroids, but chemical analyses by LC-MS/APCI (detection limit 0.5 ng/ml) on the pooled plasma of each of the 14 groups revealed the presence of beclomethasone and fluocinolone acetonide in 3 of the 4 suspect farms. These corticosteroids are not always efficiently screened by commercially available immunoassays. The epidemiological reliability of blood analysis as a screening test for such drugs is discussed in the light of the need for quality certification of the whole meat production processes from farm to fork, and for enhanced animal welfare.     

秦川肉牛新品系的培育

产于陕西八百里秦川的秦川牛,千百年来一直是关中农业生产的主要动力和粪肥来源,建国后,通过广大科技工作者的通力合作,协同攻关,运用国际育种先进技术,选出优秀公牛,授配主产区大批秦川母牛,配合其他措施,从而加速了秦川牛的选育,使之很快由役用型转变为肉用型,形成了秦川肉牛新品系。经屠宰测定,其肉用,役用性能不仅大大高于５０年代调查时测定的指标,而且其中一些肉用性能指标与国际著名的肉牛品种相比也毫不逊色,     

动物性别决定的分子机理及性别鉴定与控制新技术

哺乳动物中位于Ｙ染色体短臂临界区域的ＳＲＹ基因启动雄性性状的发育。该基因在生殖腺脊中的表达可激发下游基因ＭＬＳ的转录,引起缪氏体抑制物和睾酮分泌,促使睾丸组织器官的发育。针对该基因制备特异探针或产该区域片段得到引物对就可用ＦＩＳＨ或ＰＣＲ准确,快速鉴定出植入母体前的胚胎性别,以及对精子筛选分离的结果作出准确评价。与ＰＣＲ相比,ＦＩＳＨ技术更具检测优势。